JURNAL TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN ITB
E-ISSN: 27146715
Pollutant Index Method in Analyzing The Water Quality of The Cimeta River, West Java, Bandung Regency
Zulfikar Muhajir1*, Eka Wardhani1
1Departement of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional (Itenas), Jl. Phh. Mustofa No. 23 Bandung, Jawa Barat 40124, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract INFO ARTIKEL
Cimeta River is a tributary of the Citarum River in West Bandung Regency.
The pollution of the Citarum River causes various diseases suffered by people living around the river, such as nervous system disorders due to heavy metals, skin diseases, and infections. The Cimeta watershed covers 29 villages, this will affect the increase in domestic land use along with the increase in population which will cause an increase in domestic waste and can reduce the quality of the Cimeta Rivers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the water quality of the Cimeta River and determine the water quality using the Index Pollutant method. The results of the study are preliminary data to determine efforts to control pollution of the Cimeta River. Based on the results of the study, the quality of the Cimeta River is categorized as heavily polluted in the upstream, middle, and downstream parts, A total of 18 parameters were tested and 7 parameters did not meet quality standards based on Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. Parameters that do not meet quality standards are TSS, BOD5, COD, Nitrite, Free Chlorine, Detergents such as MBAS, and Sulfide. The highest Cimeta River Pollutant Index is in the middle, which is 14.1, in the downstream 13.3, and in the upstream 12.8. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to manage water pollution based on the sector that contributes the most to the pollution that occurs in this river.
Keywords: river, pollutant index, wastewater
Sitasi: Muhajir, W., & Wardhani, E.
2023. Pollution Index Method In Analyzing The Water Quality of The Cimeta River, West Java, Bandung Regency . Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan 29 (1), 37-49.
Article History:
Received 23 Maret 2023 Revised 29 Maret 2023 Accepted 4 April 2023 Available online 18 April 2023
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Institut Teknologi Bandung is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.itb.ac.id
Abstrak
Sungai Cimeta merupakan anak sungai dari Sungai Citarum di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Pencemaran Sungai Citarum menyebabkan berbagai penyakit yang diderita masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar Sungai, seperti gangguan sistem saraf akibat logam berat, penyakit kulit, dan infeksi. DAS Cimeta mencakup 29 desa, hal ini akan mempengaruhi peningkatan penggunaan lahan domestik seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang akan menyebabkan peningkatan limbah domestik dan dapat menurunkan kualitas Sungai Cimeta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kualitas air Sungai Cimeta dan menentukan kualitas air menggunakan metode Index Pollutant. Hasil penelitian adalah data awal untuk mengetahui upaya pengendalian pencemaran Sungai Cimeta. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kualitas Sungai Cimeta dikategorikan tercemar berat di bagian hulu, tengah, dan hilir, Sebanyak 18 parameter diuji dan terdapat 7 parameter yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang penyelenggaraan perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Parameter yang tidak memenuhi standar mutu adalah TSS, BOD5, COD, Nitrit, Free Chlorine, Deterjen seperti MBAS, dan Sulfida. Indeks Polutan Sungai Cimeta tertinggi berada di bagian tengah, yaitu 14,1, di bagian hilir 13,3, dan bagian hulu 12,8. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perlu dilakukan pengelolaan pencemaran air berdasarkan sektor yang memberikan kontribusi paling tinggi terhadap pencemaran yang terjadi di sungai ini.
Kata kunci: sungai, indeks pencemaran, air limbah
1. Introductions
Water is a major component of the environment that is needed for living things in the process of life on earth.
Clean water is needed by humans for daily living purposes, industrial purposes, urban sanitation hygiene, as well as for agricultural purposes, and so on. Aquatic ecosystems must be well maintained so that their quality and quantity are maintained so as not to be polluted (Warlina, 2004).
Polluted aquatic ecosystems depend on their environmental conditions in both the marine and river/freshwater environments. River ecosystems play an important role because the mutual relationship of living things is very high covering the area or area of the river. This river ecosystem covers the watershed area, from upstream rivers, river bodies, and also downstream rivers, and even river estuaries. Polluted aquatic ecosystems depend on their environmental conditions in both the marine and river/freshwater environments. River ecosystems play an important role because the mutual relationship of living things is very high covering the area or area of the river. This river ecosystem covers the watershed area, from upstream rivers, river bodies, and also downstream rivers, and even river estuaries (Matahelumual, 2007).
Determination of water quality status by the Pollutant Index (IP) method is intended as a reference in monitoring river water quality to know the quality (quality) of an aquatic system. The determination of water quality status is based on the analysis of physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The sampling of river water under study is in the Cimeta River. Water pollution that occurs in the Cimeta River will accumulate in the Citarum River. This has an impact on reducing the function of the river, seeing that the Citarum River is classified as a highly polluted river. Based on the issue caused by water pollution, it is necessary to make efforts to improve water quality starting from the tributaries of the Citarum River from its upstream (DIKPLHD Kabupaten Bandung Barat, 2020). The pollutant load of organic and inorganic materials in the upstream Citarum River comes from tributaries in the watershed (Wardhani, Roosmini, & Notodarmojo, 2021).
The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality status of the Cimeta River as one of the Citarum tributaries as the main step in determining the wastewater management system to restore the condition of the river as it should be. Water quality data is based on the results of monitoring in 2020. Water quality monitoring is carried out at three points, namely upstream, middle, and downstream. Water quality standards refer to Government Regulation no. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management (PP No. 22, 2021). The status of river water quality is calculated by referring to the Decree of the Minister of the Environment Number 115 of 203 concerning Guidelines for Determining the Status of Water Quality (KepMen LH No. 115 , 2003).
2. Materials and Methods
The water quality data used is secondary data, the data is measured by the environmental service of West Bandung Regency on as many as 18 parameters. The following is the measured Cimeta River water quality data, which can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Cimeta River water quality data.
Parameters Measurement Results
Up stream Middle stream Down stream
1 TSS (Suspended Residue) 86 78 40
2 TDS (Dissolved Residue) 232 56 42
3 BOD5 15.17 10.51 23.38
4 COD 57.26 41.23 75.41
5 DO 4.9 4.7 5.2
6 Sulfide 0.0176 0.0323 0.0201
7 Nitrite (NO2-N) 0.0306 0.0338 1.4265
8 Free chlorine 10.75 19.2 12.32
Parameters Measurement Results
Up stream Middle stream Down stream
9 Phenol 0.0007 0.0008 0.0019
10 Phosphate 0.02 0.0513 0.0759
11 Cyanide 0.005 0.005 0.005
12 Nitrate 5.6431 1.4265 1.3891
13 Oil and Fat 0.94 0.94 0.94
14 Detergent as MBAS 0.0955 0.2446 0.3576
15 pH 7.51 7.67 7.83
16 Temperature 23.8 28.7 26.4
17 Total Coliform 920 430 920
18 Fecal coliform 350 280 540
The environmental conditions of the upstream, middle, and downstream Cimeta River are presented in Table 2. Figure 1 presents the location of water quality sampling points in the Cimeta River, In determining the Cimeta watershed, analysis of the watershed determination processing is used through the ArcGIS application.
Figure 1. Research site
Table 2. Environmental conditions based on sampling points.
Sampling Point Coordinate The Village Traversed Description
Upstream 06O48’14,29” S;
107O32’29,49” E
Kertawangi, Tugumukti, Pasirlangu
area: Settlement: 136,564 Ha, Agriculture: 21,683 Ha,
Plantation: 575,39 Ha, Building:
3,639 Ha, Green Open Space:
649,09 Ha. There are tofu manufacturing sector
Middlestream 06O49’22,86” S;
107O28’50,02” E
Pasirlangu, Pasirhalang, Ngamprah, Sukatani, Cimanggu, Bojongkoneng, Ciburuy, Tagogapu, Sadangmekar, Cipada, Campakamekar, Nyalindung
area: Settlement: 818,616 Ha, Agriculture: 935,639 Ha, Plantation: 1.276,209 Ha, Building: 0,2459 Ha, Green Open Space: 1.510,884 Ha, Water: 6,842 Ha. There are 2 industries
Downstream 06O47’34,55” S;
107O26’00,91” E
Ganjarsari, Cipada, Nyalindung, mekarjaya, Mandalamukti, Mandalasari, Cirawamekar,
Gunungmasigit,
Sumurbandung, Citatah, Cipatat, Ciptaraharja, Kertamukti, Rajamandala Kulon, Sarimukti,
Mandalasari
area: Settlement: 1.185,165 Ha, Agriculture: 935,639 Ha, Plantation: 1.621,194 Ha, Building: 2,091 Ha, Green Open Space: 2.289,185 Ha, Water:
14,123 Ha. there are 7 industries
Based on Table 2, the upstream, middle and downstream parts of the Cimeta River have land uses for agriculture, plantations, settlements, and water. To calculate the area of land use in the Cimeta watershed using satellite imagery through the ArcGIS application. The distance of the sampling point from the upstream to the middle stream is 14.234 Km from midstream to downstream is 14.03 Km. In the middle stream of the Cimeta River there are 2 industries, and 7 industries downstream.
The analyzed parameters are Water pH, Temperature, TSS, TDS, BOD5, COD, DO, Sulfide, Nitrite, Free Chlorine, Detergent as MBAS, Phosphate, Nitrate, Cyanide, Oil and Fat, Phenol, Total Coliform, and Fecal Coliform. After the analysis is carried out to determine the source of the pollutant, then perform calculations to determine the pollutant index (IP) value. Here are the calculation steps for IP value (PP No. 22, 2021).
Information:
• Lij state the concentration of water quality parameters (i) listed in the Water Quality Standard according to the use/designation (j);
• Ci states the concentration of water quality parameters (i) obtained from the results of the analysis of water samples at the monitoring post;
• PIj is the Pollution Index for the allotment (j) which is a function of Ci/Lij. PIj = (C1/L1j, C2/L2j,…,Ci/Lij); and
• Each value of Ci / Lij indicates the relative pollution caused by water quality parameters.
1. Determine the parameters that if the parameter value is low then the water quality will improve.
2. Choose the concentration of quality standard parameters that do not have a range.
3. The count value of Ci/Lij for each parameter at each sampling location.
• If the parameter concentration value decreases, the level of pollution increases, for example, DO.
Determine the theoretical value or maximum value Cim (for DO, accordingly Cim is the saturated DO value). In this case Ci/Lij the measurement result is replaced by the value of Ci/Lij calculation result, that is:
(Ci
Lij)
new
=Cim−Ci measurement results
Cim−Lij ………..Equation 1
• If the standard value of Lij has a range, then the equation used is as follows:
On Ci ≤ Lij average use the equation 2.
(Ci
Lij)
new
= Ci−Lij (average)
Lij (minimum)−Lij (average)……….. Equation 2
On Ci > Lij average use the equation 3.
(𝐶𝑖
𝐿𝑖𝑗)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
= 𝐶𝑖−𝐿𝑖𝑗 (𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒)
𝐿𝑖𝑗 (𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚)−𝐿𝑖𝑗 (𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒) ………Equation 3
• If the value of (Ci/Lij) adjacent to a reference value of 1.0, example C1/L1j = 0.9 and C2/L2j = 1.1 or a very difference, for example C3/L3j = 5.0 and C4/L4j = 10.0.
• In this case, the degree of damage to water bodies is difficult to determine. Ways to overcome this difficulty are Value of (Ci/Lij) measurement result if this value is less than 1,0. The value of (Ci/Lij) is new if the value of (Ci/Lij)the measurement result is greater than 1.0 with the following equation 4.
(𝐶𝑖
𝐿𝑖𝑗)
𝑛𝑒𝑤
= 1.0 + 𝑃. log (𝐶𝑖
𝐿𝑖𝑗)
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡
………...Equation 4
The value of P is a constant and its value is determined freely and adjusted according to the result of environmental observations and or the desired requirements for a designation (usually a value of 5) is used.
4. Determine the average value and maximum value of the whole Ci/Lij ((Ci/Lij) av and (Ci/Lij)M).
5. Determining the value of PIj with this equation 5.
𝑃𝐼𝑗=√(𝐿𝑖𝑗𝐶𝑖) 𝑀 2
+(𝐶𝑖 𝐶𝑖𝑗)
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 2
2 ………Equation 5
6. There are 4 index class assessments with a score of 0≤ IP ≤1, which is to meet the quality standards (good);
1≤ IP ≤5, is lightly polluted (slightly polluted); 5≤ IP ≤10, is moderately polluted (fairly polluted); ≥10 is heavily polluted (heavily polluted).
3. Result and Discussion
Water quality data were analyzed by comparing parameters that exceed the class II quality standard based on Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management. The following comparison of the measured parameters with their quality standards can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3. Comparison of Cimeta River water quality data with quality standards.
Parameters Unit Quality
standards
Cimeta River Rainy Season, 2020 Up stream Middle
stream
Down stream Physical Parameters
1 TDS (Dissolved Residue) mg/l 1000 232 56 42
2 TSS (Suspended Residue) mg/l 50 86 78 40
3 Temperature oC Deviation 3 23.8 28.7 26.4
Chemical Parameters
1 pH - 6-9 7.51 7.67 7.83
2 BOD5 mg/l 3 15.17 10.51 23.38
3 COD mg/l 25 57.26 41,23 75,41
4 DO mg/l >4 4.90 4.70 5.20
5 Phosphate mg/l 0.2 0.0200 0.0513 0.0759
6 Hexavalent Chrome (Cr+6) mg/l 0.05 - - -
7 Copper (Cu) mg/l 0.02 - - -
8 Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.03 - - -
9 Zinc (Zn) mg/l 0.05 - - -
10 Iron (Fe) mg/l - - - -
11 Nitrate mg/l 10 5.64 1.43 1.39
12 Manganese (Mn) mg/l - - - -
13 Chloride (Cl-) mg/l - - - -
14 Sulfide mg/l 0.002 0.0176 0.0323 0.0201
15 Cyanide mg/l 0.02 0.005 0.005 0.005
16 Fluoride (F-) mg/l 1.5
17 Nitrite (NO2-N) mg/l 0.06 0.0306 0.0338 0.0675
18 Sulfate (SO42-) mg/l -
19 Free Chlorine mg/l 0.03 10.75 19.22 12.32
20 Ammonia (NH3-N) mg/l -
21 Oil and Fat mg/l 1 0.94 0.94 0.94
22 Phenol mg/l 0.001 0.0007 0.0008 0.0019
23 Detergent as MBAS mg/l 0.2 0.0955 0.2446 0.3576
Microbiological Parameters
30 Total Coliform CFU/100mL 5000 920 430 920
31 Fecal coliform CFU/100mL 1000 350 280 540
Based on the results of the comparison between the water quality of the Cimeta River and the class II water quality standards, Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management, of the 18 measured parameters 7 parameters exceed the quality standards, including TSS, BOD5, COD, Sulfide, Nitrite, Free Chlorine, and Detergent as MBAS.
3.1 Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
The results of TSS measurements at three sampling points on the Cimeta River did not meet the quality standards of Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, namely 86 mg/l, 78 mg/l, and 40 mg/l. Figure 2 shows a decrease from upstream to downstream. The high content of TSS in this upstream source of TSS comes from agriculture/plantation which produces inorganic waste (mud) and there is also a community business sector in the manufacture of tofu which in the process uses microorganisms for fermentation, the waste produced is an organic material, namely, protein, acid amino acids, fats and microorganisms that cause high TSS values (Nachtman & Kalpakjian, 1985). The presence of suspended solids will block the penetration of sunlight to the surface and the deeper parts are not effective due to being blocked by suspended substances which of course will have an impact on the destruction of the ecosystem in the river (Rinawati, Hidayat, Supriyanto, & Dewi, 2016).
Figure 2. Total suspended solid
3.2 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
The results of BOD measurements at three sampling points on the Cimeta River did not meet the quality standards of Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, namely 15.17 mg/l, 10.51 mg/l, and 23.38 mg/l.
Figure 3. Biological oxygen demand 86
78
40
0 20 40 60 80 100
Upstream Middlestream Downstream
Concentration TSS (mg/l)
TSS (mg/L) Quality Standard 50 mg/l
15.17
10.51
23.38
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
Upstream Middlestream Downstream
Concentration BOD5 (mg/l)
BOD5 (mg/L) Quality Standard 3 mg/l
Figure 3 shows that the BOD value decreased in concentration from the upstream point to the midpoint and increased significantly at the downstream point. The high BOD content upstream is caused by wastewater pipes, agriculture/plantation that produce organic content and there is a source of BOD from the tofu manufacturing sector, where waste produces organic matter, namely organic content and fermenting microorganisms that cause high BOD values. The BOD value from upstream to the middle decreased because the distance between the sampling points upstream to the middle was very far so river water often came into contact with air which resulted in high dissolved oxygen which caused BOD to decrease. The concentration of BOD5 in the midpoint to downstream has increased significantly, which is strongly influenced by land use where the source of BOD pollutant discharges from domestic wastewater pipes and industrial wastewater along with the increase in the discharge of the Cimeta River during rain which produces organic waste. The high concentration of BOD indicates that the waters are polluted (Daroini & Arisandi, 2020).
3.3 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
The results of COD measurements at three sampling points did not meet the quality standards of Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, namely 57.26 mg/l, 41.23 mg/l, and 75.41 mg/l. Figure 4 shows the COD value in the Cimeta River decreasing from upstream to middle and increasing significantly from the midpoint to the downstream. This is because, at the midpoint of the river, there is an additional burden of pollution originating from industrial and domestic areas which cause high organic matter. A high COD value indicates that there is waste that can be oxidized through chemical reactions. Almost all organic substances can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate under acidic conditions, which is about 95% - 100% of organic matter can be oxidized (Yuliastuti, 2011).
Figure 4. Chemical oxygen demand 3.4 Nitrite
Figure 5 shows the value of nitrite in the Cimeta River upstream of 0.0306 mg/l, middle of 0.0338 mg/l, and 0.0675 mg/l downstream, the downstream point does not meet the quality standard and for the upstream and middle points, it meets Government Regulations Number 22 of 2021. The nitrite value from upstream to downstream has increased, this indicates that a lot of organic matter enters the Cimeta River water body.
Nitrite in natural waters has a very small concentration, high nitrite in the waters indicates the ongoing biological process, namely the overhaul of organic matter that has low dissolved oxygen levels. The high concentration of nitrite can be sourced from the organic composition that enters the river, this is sourced from domestic wastewater pipes and point sources of industrial wastewater where in the middle and downstream there are 9 industries. Sources from the agricultural and plantation sectors due to excessive use of urea fertilizer. Nitrite levels in rare water>1 mg/L, the impact of nitrite levels that are more than 0.05 mg/L is toxic to aquatic organisms (Effendi, 2003).
57.26
41.23
75.41
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00
Upstream Middlestream Downstream
Concentration COD (mg/l)
COD (mg/L) Quality Standards 25 mg/l
Figure 5. Nitrite
3.5 Free chlorine
In Figure 6, the free chlorine value in the Cimeta River is 10.75 mg/l in upstream, 19.22 mg/l in the middle, and 12.32 mg/l in downstream. The concentration of Free Chlorine content in 2020 in the Cimeta River fluctuated. The 3 (three) sampling points do not meet the quality standards of Government Regulations Number 22 the Year 2021 Class II. The three points above the highest free chlorine concentration are at the midpoint, this happens because of domestic and industrial activities that involve the use of excess detergent which has an impact on the high concentration of free chlorine. Excessive use of disinfectants in the agricultural sector can lead to high free chlorine content. The content of chlorine in wastewater can react with organic matter causing carcinogens (Hernawan & Wardhani, 2021).
Figure 6. Free chlorine
3.6 Detergent as MBAS
Figure 7 is the result of detergent value in the Cimeta River in the upstream part of 0.0955 mg/l, 0.2446 mg/l in the middle, and 0.3576 mg/l downstream. The concentration of detergent content As MBAS in 2020 in the Cimeta River there was an increase in concentration where from the 3 (three) sampling points, only the upstream point met the Government Regulations Number 22 of 2021 Class II. The high level of detergent at the upstream and downstream points, when compared to the upstream point of the domestic sector, is smaller when compared to the midpoint and downstream, when compared to the existing conditions at the upstream
0.0306 0.0338
0.0675 0.06
0.0000 0.0100 0.0200 0.0300 0.0400 0.0500 0.0600 0.0700 0.0800
Upstream Middlestream Downstream
Concentration NO2 (mg/l)
NO2 (mg/L) Quality Standards NO2
10.75
19.22
12.32
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
Upstream Middlestream Downstream Concentration Free Chlorine (mg/l)
Free Chlorine (mg/L) Quality Standards 0,03 mg/l
the midpoint to downstream which can cause high content of Detergent as MBAS in the production process.
Detergent waste is one of the pollutants that can endanger the life of aquatic organisms which causes the oxygen supply from the air to be very slow due to the foam that covers the surface of the water.
Figure 7. Detergent as MBAS
3.7 Sulfide
Figure 8 is the result of the Cimeta River sulfide value upstream of 0.0176 mg/l, middle of 0.0323 mg/l, and 0.0201 mg/l downstream. The concentration of Sulfide content in 2020 in the Cimeta River fluctuated where from the 3 (three) sampling points only the upstream point met the Government Regulations Number 22 of 2021 Class II. The highest levels of sulfide values occur at the midpoint. The high content of sulfide is caused by biological oxidation that occurs by aerobic microorganisms in water bodies due to the large content of organic pollutants. This happens because in the middle of the river the dissolved oxygen content is very minimal when compared to other points, so it does not meet the class II quality standard. Sulfide can cause unpleasant odors in water bodies.
Figure 8. Sulfide
After analyzing the parameters exceeding the quality standard, which is the source of the most contributors, then calculating 18 parameters using 6 steps in the methodology of the pollutant index method and using
0.0955
0.2446
0.3576
0.0000 0.0500 0.1000 0.1500 0.2000 0.2500 0.3000 0.3500 0.4000
Upstream Middlestream Downstream
Concentration Detergent (mg/L)
Detergent as MBAS (mg/L) Quality Standards
0.0176
0.0323
0.0201
0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200 0.0250 0.0300 0.0350
Upstream Middlestream Downstream
Concentration Sulfide (mg/l)
Sulfide (mg/L) Quality Standards 0,02 mg/l
equations (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5). It can be seen in the results of the pollutant index calculation in Table 4 and Table 5.
Table 4. Pollutant index calculation result
Parameter
Ci
Lij
Ci/Lij Up
stream
Middle stream
Down stream
Up stream
Middle stream
Down strea m 1 TSS (Suspended
Residue) 86 78 40 50 1.72 1.56 0.80
2 TDS (Dissolved Residue) 232 56 42 1000 0.232 0.056 0.042
3 BOD5 15.17 10.51 23.38 3 5.06 3.50 7.79
4 COD 57.26 41.23 75.41 25 2.29 1.65 3.02
5 DO 4.9 4.7 5.2 4 0.79 0.84 0.72
6 Sulfide 0.0176 0.0323 0.0201 0.002 8.80 16.15 10.05
7 Nitrite (NO2-N) 0.0306 0.0338 1.4265 0.006 5.10 5.63 237.75
8 Free chlorine 10.75 19.2 12.32 0.05 215 384 246.4
9 Phenol 0.0007 0.0008 0.0019 0.001 0.70 0.80 1.90
10 Phosphate 0.02 0.0513 0.0759 0.2 0.100 0.26 0.38
11 Cyanide 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.02 0.25 0.25 0.25
12 Nitrate 5.6431 1.4265 1.3891 10 0.56 0.14 0.14
13 Oil and Fat 0.94 0.94 0.94 1 0.94 0.94 0.94
14 Detergen as MBAS 0.0955 0.2446 0.3576 0.2 0.48 1.22 1.78
15 pH 7.51 7.67 7.83 6-9 1 1.023 1.04
16 Temperature 23.8 28.7 26.4 35 0.68 0.82 0.75
17 Total Coliform 920 430 920 5000 0.18 0.08 0.18
18 Fecal coliform 350 280 540 1000 0.35 0.28 0.54
Table 5. Advanced pollutant index calculation results
Parameter
Ci/Lij Ci/Lij New
Up stream
Middle stream
Down stream
Up stream
Middle stream
Down stream
1 TSS (Suspended Residue) 1.72 1.56 0.80 2.18 1.96 0.80
2 TDS (Dissolved Residue) 0.232 0.056 0.042 0.232 0.056 0.042
3 BOD5 5.06 3.50 7.79 4.52 3.72 5.46
4 COD 2.29 1.65 3.02 2.80 2.09 3.4
5 DO 0.79 0.84 0.72 0.79 0.84 0.72
6 Sulfide 8.80 16.15 10.05 5.72 7.04 6.01
7 Nitrite (NO2-N) 5.10 5.63 237.75 4.54 4.75 12.9
8 Free chlorine 215 384 246.4 12.66 13.92 12.96
9 Phenol 0.70 0.80 1.90 0.700 0.800 2.40
10 Phosphate 0.100 0.26 0.38 0.100 0.257 0.38
11 Cyanide 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.250 0.250 0.250
12 Nitrate 0.56 0.14 0.14 0.564 0.143 0.139
13 Oil and Fat 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.940 0.940 0.940
Parameter
Ci/Lij Ci/Lij New
Up stream
Middle stream
Down stream
Up stream
Middle stream
Down stream
15 pH 1 1.023 1.04 0.030 0.515 1
16 Temperature 0.68 0.82 0.75 0.680 0.820 0.754
17 Total Coliform 0.18 0.08 0.18 0.184 0.086 0.184
18 Fecal coliform 0.35 0.28 0.54 0.350 0.280 0.540
Total 37.72 39.91 51.11
(Ci/Lij) Average 2.1 2.22 2.84
(Ci/Lij) Maximum 12.66 13.92 12.96
Pij 12.8 14.1 13.3
The following is a recapitulation of the calculation results of the Pij (IP) value and its classification using equation (6), which can be seen in Table 6.
Tabel 6. Classification of Cimeta River pollutant index value Sampling Point Pollution Index Classification
Upstream 12.8 Heavy Polluted
Middlestream 14.1 Heavy Polluted
Downstream 13.3 Heavy Polluted
Based on Table 5 the Pollutant Index at three points on the Cimeta River is in the category of heavily polluted.
The highest pollutant index number is found in the middle part of the Cimeta River, namely 14,097, in the downstream section at 13,266, and the upstream area at 12,834. Free Chlorine content greatly affects the Cimeta River Pollutant Index value in each area segment. It can be seen in Figure 6 that the free chlorine value is very high from its quality standard. the factor of the presence of high levels of free chlorine in the Cimeta River is caused by the use of disinfectants and excessive determination of anthropogenic influences both from industrialization and domestication, thus endangering the life of air biota in the river.
Based on the analysis and calculation of the pollutant index, is an initial stage in determining wastewater management efforts based on the pollutant source in the Cimeta River Watershed. Wastewater management efforts in the industrial sector have been regulated by governor regulations through the Citarum Harum Bestari program, for domestic sector wastewater management can be carried out at the Cimeta River Watershed referring to the Ministerial Regulation (PUPR) Number 4 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Domestic Wastewater Management Systems (SPALD), management systems domestic wastewater that can be used must go through a screening analysis so that it can be seen which system is suitable for use in the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation Number 4 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of the Cimeta River Domestic Wastewater Management System (SPALD), both centralized and local SPALD (Permen PUPR No.4, 2017).
4. Conclusion
The results of the analysis of water parameters physically, chemically, and biologically in the Cimeta River in 2020 showed that there were 7 parameters (TSS, BOD, COD, Nitrite, Sulfide, Free Chlorine, and Detergent as MBAS) did not meet the quality standards of Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 class II. While the results of the assessment of the Pollutant Index (IP) method concluded that the quality of the water was highly polluted. The quality status that has been established using the IP method makes the first step to managing
river water so that it is not polluted and can function as it should. Cimeta River is included in the West Java region, where the non-domestic sector is regulated in the governor's regulation and has been strictly controlled by wastewater management. Wastewater management that can be done is managed directly at the source of pollutants, namely through domestic wastewater management whose procedures refer to the PUPR Ministerial Regulation Number 4 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Domestic Wastewater Management System.
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