Pressure Analysis of Palm Oil Mill Screw Press Machine in PT.
Ujong Neubok Dalam (UND)
TM Afriza Zaini a,1*, Sulaiman Ali b, 2* , Maidi Saputra c, 3*, Jamaluddin c, 4*
abc Mechanical Engineering Department, Universuty of Teuku Umar, Meulaboh, 23615, Indonesia
c4 Palm Oil Mill, PT Ujong Neubok Dalam, Nagan Raya, 23671, Indonesia
I. Introduction
PT. Ujong Neubok Dalam (UND) is a company engaged in the national private large plantation with the sub-sector of palm oil plantations and palm oil processing with the main products being Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Karnel Oil, which are processed through the Palm Oil Mill itself with a processing capacity of 30 Tons / Hour (1). At the beginning of its establishment, the company was still engaged only in the oil palm plantation sector located in several villages in the Darul Makmur District, Nagan Raya Regency. In CPO processing has several processing stations such as weighing stations, sorting, boiling, digesting stations and screw presses (chopping and pressing)(2).
In the production process, screw press is a tool used to chop and crush palm oil fruits in order to produce palm oil and separate oil from shells, nuts and fibres (3). Screw press machines in CPO production have a very important role, because if the screw press machine experiences insufficient pressure, it will affect the quality and quantity of the products produced (4). Therefore, companies need to pay attention to the pressure generated by the screw press machine at the time of product activity, so that it is known whether the pressure applied is in accordance with company operational standards. According to ref (5) one of the factors that affect the pressing results is the pressure exerted by the hydraulics which functions as a holder of 50-60 Bar / Psi. Hydraulics attached to the screw press press to squeeze the fruit flesh that has become the mass of fruit pulp, resulting in CPO, fibred and nut. The high and low hydraulic pressure greatly affects the result of squeezing CPO, this is because if the high pressure exceeds the average pressure limit, the nut will break and if the pressure is too low, the oil obtained will decrease (6). Therefore, PT UND needs to analyze the hydraulic pressure generated by the screw press machine in the CPO production process. From the
ARTICLE INFO A B S T R A C T
Article history:
Accepted
PT. Ujong Neubok Dalam (UND) is a company engaged in oil palm plantations and processing of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Kernel Palm Oil (PKO). In carrying out its production, the company has various variations of machines that are used to facilitate the production process, one of which is a screw press machine. A screw press is a machine used to chop and crush palm fruit to produce palm oil and separate oil from shells, nuts, and fibers. Screw press machines in CPO production have a very important role because if the screw press machine experiences insufficient pressure, it will affect the quality and quantity of the CPO oil produced. The purpose of this study was to analyze the magnitude of the effect of screw press pressure on the process of pressing fruit flesh into CPO at PT UND. The method used is a quantitative method through the calculation of screw press force, screw press pressure, and hydraulic pressure. The result obtained is that the pressure given by the screw press machine is 18.32 Bar / Psi with a standard hydraulic pressure that functions as a holder, namely 50-60 Bar / Psi, while the comparison analysis is known that the screw press pressure and hydraulic pressure at 50 Bar / Psi have a ratio of 1: 2, 7 and at 60 BarPsi have a ratio of 1: 3.2.
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Keywords:,, CPO PKO Machine Pressure Screw Press
description of the problem above, the reason for this study is to analyze the impact of screw press pressure on the pressing process of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) into CPO. In this study, the effect of the pressing process will be known through comparison on the palm oil mash squeezing system at PT UND.The Proposed Method
A. Method seconds
Namely company data that is allowed to be published.
B. Main Method
That is to collect data by taking data directly in the field by observing and interviewing directly with the operator concerned.
II. Method
A. Place and Time of Research
The research was conducted at PT Ujong Neubok Dalam located in Ujong Lamie Village, Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh Province.
B. Research Stages
The research was conducted through data collection techniques by observation and documentation. Observations are carried out aimed at being able to observe the process of working on screw press machines, especially in pressing activities at hydraulic pressure. The collection from the documentation obtained the specifications of the screw press machine run at PT UND. Then, the data obtained were analyzed using quantitative methods through the calculation of screw press force, screw press pressure and hydraulic pressure. Based on this, the stages of research can be explained as follows:
1. Collection of screw press machine specification data needed during calculation.
2. Calculate the magnitude of the screw press force, screw press pressure and hydraulic pressure.
3. Formulate a discussion through the comparison of screw press pressure and hydraulic pressure generated.
4. Draw final conclusions.
III. Results and Discussion A. Data Collection
Screw Press Machine in PT. UND has several engine specifications that determine the quality of the machine it has. The following are the specifications of the screw press machine owned by PT.
UND.
Tabel 1. Specification of Screw Press Machine PT. UND
No Description Explanation
1 Capacity (Q) 20 Tons of Palm Fruit /Hour
2 Type OHP F3 RLN 80
3 Model CB 20T/C
4 Conus Pressure (cone) ( P) 50-60 Bar
5 Clearance (pltch) 260 mm
6 Clearance (n) 9-11 npm
7 Axis Revolutions Kontiniu
8 Worm Screw Weight (W) 150 Kg
9 Number of Threads 5
Source: Research Data Collection 2022
From the table above, it is known that the palm fruit pressing process uses a screw-shaped machine with worm screw equipment and is rested by hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic pressure standard set by PT UND in using a screw press machine is around 50-60 Bar / Psi. So that the
pressure of the screw press machine carried out in the pressing process activities at PT UND is calculated using the equation
Psp = Fsp/Asp (7) Description:
Fsp= Styles on screw presses (N)
Asp= Screw Press cross-sectional area (m2)
The data collection of screw press machines in the CPO production process at PT. UND can be seen in the following table.
Table 2. Data Collection of Screw Press Machine Process
No Data Result
1 Power used in screw press machine (N) 31855 Watt
2 Round Screw Press (n) 11 rpm
3 Worm Screw Press Diameter (dws) 370mm = 0,37 m 4 Screw Press Shaft Diameter (dp) 180 mm = 0,18 m
5 Number of Leaf Screw Press 5 Unit
6 Screw Press Capacity 20 Tons/Hour = 20000
Kg/hour
7 Gravity (g) 9,8 m/s2
Source: Research Data Collection 2022 B. Press Calculation of Worm Force on Screw Press
In the pressing process that works in the screw, the occurrence of axial force, which is the force arising from a rod that is parallel to the main axis but the reservoir remains constant. The axial force that acts imposes a conus so that it imposes pressure on the screw, the pressure obtained is 50-60 Bar. In this calculation, the pressure used is a maximum pressure of 60, then the results obtained in the calculation are represented in the following table:
Tabel 3. Worm Force Calculation Results on Screw Press
Account Result
Hydraulic Pressure (Pk) (2 Conus) 3 x 106 N/m2 Cross-Sectional Area of Screw Press Machine 0,04428 m2 The Load That Resides On The Screw Press Machine (Wk) 132840 N The Force That Acts On The Screw Press (P) 123100,99 N
Torque Moment (T) 27688 Nm
The Force That Occurs In Worm Screw Press (Fws) 299113,4 N Source: Worm Screw Press Style Calculation Data Processing (2022)
Based on Table 3. Above, it can be seen that the magnitude of the worm force given by the screw press machine is 299113.4 N.
C. Buah Calculation of Force on Fruit Pulp
In calculating the force on the fruit pulp, there are several stages, namely determining the mass of the fruit, the time required by the screw press in making one turn and the amount of pressure that the screw press on the fruit pulp. The results of the determination and calculation of the force on the fruit can be seen in the following table.
Table 4. Results of Force Calculation on Fruit Pulp
Account Result
Fruit pulp mass (mbb) 151,6 Kg
Screw Press Lap Time (t) 5,45 second
Style On Fruit Pulp (Fbb) 1485,7 N
Style On Fruit Pulp In Screw Press Machine (Fsp) 300599,1 N
Source: Fruit Pulp Style Calculation Data Processing (2022)
From the results of determining the force of fruit pulp in the screw press machine, it is known that the fruit pulp force obtained is 145.7 N. The force on the pulp in the screw press machine is obtained from the sum of the fruit pulp forces and the force that occurs in the screw press machine so that the results obtained are 300599.1 N.
D. Screw Press Pressure Calculation
From the results of determining the force of fruit pulp in the screw press machine, it is known that the fruit pulp force obtained is 145.7 N. The force on the pulp in the screw press machine is obtained from the sum of the fruit pulp forces and the force that occurs in the screw press machine so that the results obtained are 300599.1 N.
Table 5. Screw Press Pressure Calculation Results
Calculation Result
The cross-sectional area of the leaves (blades) of the worm screw press
(Aws) 0,1074 m2
The cross-sectional area on the worm screw shaft (Ap) 0,025 m2 The cross-sectional area of screw press (Asp) 0,164 m2 Pressure That Occurs In Screw Press Machine (Psp) 1832921 N/m2 Pressure That Occurs In Screw Press Machine (Psp) 18,32 Bar
Source: Screw Press Pressure Calculation Data Processing (2022) E. Comparison Between Hydraulic Pressure And Screw Press Pressure
The hydraulic pressure standard operating at PT UND in producing CPO is around 50-60 Bar / Psi. If the ratio between screw press pressure and pressure at 50 Bar / Psi is:
Comparison = 18,32 Bars/50 Bars = 1 / 2,7 = 1:2,7
Meanwhile, if the ratio of screw press pressure to hydraulic pressure at a pressure of 60 Bar, the comparison is:
Comparison = 18,32 Bar / 60 Bar = 1 / 3,2 = 1:3,2
Based on the results of calculations and comparative analysis, it is known that the screw press pressure and hydraulic pressure that functions as a holder at 50 Bar / Psi have a ratio of 1: 2, 7 and at 60 BarPsi have a ratio of 1: 3.2. This indicates that in the pressing process it is known that if the greater the pressure given, the nut (carnel) results obtained will break so that it will cause losses to the company. And vice versa, if the greater the pressure exerted by the screw press machine, the palm oil yield obtained will also decrease. From the results of the analysis, it was obtained that the pressure on the screw press machine at PT UND is still in the normal category, so that it is currently able to produce CPO and Carnel well.
Fig. 1. Screw Press Machine
From the calculation results, it is known that the screw press machine on the Fig. 1 is one of the equipment/machines that are functioned in the CPO production process at PT UND. Where this
Screw Press is found in a pressurized press with a pressure of 50-60 Bar / Psi so that it can press palm fruit flesh capable of producing quality Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Pressing power on fruit flesh in PT. UND is currently considered normal and can be functioned properly.
IV. Conclusion
From the results and discussions that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the pressure given by the screw press machine is 18.32 Bar / Psi with a standard hydraulic pressure that functions as a restraint, namely 50-60 Bar / Psi. The results of the comparison analysis are known that the screw press pressure and hydraulic pressure at 50 Bar / Psi have a ratio of 1: 2, 7 and at 60 Bar / Psi have a ratio of 1: 3.2. This indicates that in the pressing process it is known that if the greater the pressure given, the nut (carnel) results obtained will break so that it will cause losses to the company. And vice versa, if the greater the pressure exerted by the screw press machine, the palm oil yield obtained will also decrease. From the results of the analysis, it was obtained that the pressure on the screw press machine at PT UND is still in the normal category, so that it is currently able to produce CPO and Carnel well.
Acknowledgment
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to PT Ujong Neubok Dalam, Director Jamaluddin, SH., MH, Mill Manager Irwan ST, Supervisor Setiadi, Field supervisor Maidi Saputra, ST., MT, Article Supervisor Sulaiman Ali, ST., MT so that they have completed the Independent Magang Kampus Merdeka from January 27 to July 27, 2022.
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