Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

VOL. _VII,PP.65-so MAY, ¹⁸⁹²

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW PLANTS FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, NEVADA, ^UTAH, AND ARIZONA.

BY FREDERICK VERNON COVILLE

^*

In

_{January, 1891,}

an

_expedition

was

sent out

by

^the

United

States

Department

^ofAgriculture^to

make

a_biological survey^of

Death

_{Valley, in}southeasternCalifornia,

and

the adjacentregions.

As

several

months must

elapse before the _report

on

the

botany

ofthe expedition can be presented ^to the _public,the_following descriptions of

new

plants are

now

published with the consent ofthe

department

authorities.

Aplopappus

^interior sp. nov.

Related toA.linearifoliusDC., butdifferinginitsshorter leaves (12 ^to 20

mm.),

subulate-bracteate peduncles, ^shorter acute in- volucral _bracts,

and

smaller _{rays 9} to 11

mm.

_long. In A.

linearifoliusthelarger leaves are30to40

mm.

_long,the peduncles leafy-bracted,theinvolucral bracts 11 to 14

mm.

_long,includ ing the filiform-subulateacumination,

and

the_{rays 13}to15

mm.

long.

Type specimen

^{in the}

United

States National

Herbarium,

No.

794,

Death

Valley 'Expedition; collected

May

^{20, 1891,}

^about

four miles southeast

from

Mill

Canon

divide, at the northern

*Presentedatameeting^ofthe Biological Society ofWashington,^April

K), 1892.

it Bioi.rSoc.,WASH.,^Vor. VII, ^1802. ((Jo)

66

Coville

New

Plants

from

^Southern California,

edge ^ofthe

Darwin

_Mesa,

_Inyo

_County, California,

by

^Frederick V. Coville.

A. linear_ifolius. firstcollected in California

by

Douglas, prob ably near

San

Francisco or Monterey,^is

known

_only

from

the coast ranges

southward from San

Francisco bay. A. interior is

a_{species of} the desertmountains,

and

has

been

collected in the higher elevations of the

Lower Sonoran

_region

from

southern Utah, northwestern Arizona,

and _Inyo

_County,California,south

ward

tothe extra-coastal region of

San _Diego

_County.

Arctomecon

merriami _sp. nov.

Plant apparentlyperennial,

from

a thick

woody

^root,

^branch

ing ^intoa

broad

cSespitose tuft 10cm. orless high; leaves cune- ate-oblanceolate, 2 to 3cm._long,tapering

below

^{into a}

margined

petiole,tridentate at the truncate apex, glaucous, clothed with very long (about ^{1 cm.),} white, spreading, flexuous, barbellate hairs_;

upper

^{leavessessile,}often entire

and

acuteorobtuseatthe

apex

^; peduncles several, erect,20to 35 cm._{high,glabrous,}glau cous,rarelywithabract (similar^tothe _leaves)

below

_; flowersin gle,in

bud

^inclinedto

nod

_{; sepalsusually3,hairy}likethe_leaves, caducous; petals usually 6,white, obcordate, 3 to ^3.5 cm._long, deciduous_;

stamens

very

numerous

_; anthers 3 to 4

mm.

_long

when wet

_; filaments slender, glabrous,

some

^of

them

_conspicu ously broader above; ovary

narrowly

oblong,1-celled,with 6 or 7 parietal placentae; style

about

1.5

mm.

_long

and broad

; stigma capitate

and

with a stigmatic ^line opposite each placenta; cap sule linear-oblong, in our

specimens

^{3.5 to4.1}

cm.

_long; valves splitting

down

atthe

apex

^foradistance of 8

mm.

_; seedsnotseen.

Type specimen

^{in the}

United

States National

Herbarium, No-

1890,

Death

_Valley Expedition; ^collected

May

1, 1891, a few miles west of

Vegas

ranch, Lincoln County,

Nevada, by

^C.

^Hart Merriam and Vernon

_Bailey.

This plant^differs

from

A.californicum^itits usually^1-flowered bractlesspeduncles, long-hairysepals,white_petals,longer^dilated filaments, linear-oblongovary

and

_{capsule (4} cm._long),

and evr

dent _style. A.californicum has,

on

the other

hand,

^6-to20-flow- ered, leafy -bractedpeduncles,glabroussepals-,

deep

yellowpetals, filaments of

uniform

width, obovoid ovary, ^sessile stigma,

and an

ovate capsule

about

^1.5 cm._long.

Thisbeautiful

poppy

^{is dedicated to Dr.C.}

^Hart Merriam

as atoken of his influence in the progress of geographic botany.

Nevada,

Utah,

and

Arizona.

67 Arctomecon

humile _sp. nov.

In 1874 Dr. C. C.Parry collected inthe vicinity of^St. George, Utah,

an

Arctomecon,

which

Dr.

Gray

^{referred* to A.} califor- niciun.

The

material

now

in

hand shows

thatit is distinct

both from

the original plant ^of

Fremont and from

the species just described. It differs

from

theformerin itssmallersize

through

out, less hairy leaves, fewer flower _parts, white _petals, dilated filaments,

and

the presence ^of a_style;

from

A. merriamiin its

smaller size

and more

_{scanty hairs,}

more than

1-flowered pe duncles, fewer flower _parts, persistent petals,

and

_obovate, sev eral times shorter capsule.

Typo specimen

^inthe

Harvard Herbarium.

The

_genera

_duibya and

Arctomecon are describedf ^{as distin} guishable

by

^theirstigmas; inthe former opposite theplacenta?, in the latter opposite the ^valves.

In

Arctomecon merriami the capitatestigma^is evidently

made _up

of as

many

parts or lobes asthere are_placenta?,

and

each of these parts ^isdirectlyopposite a valve.

Along

^{both lateral}

margins

^{of each} lobe are stigmatic lines,

and

the

union

of the

two

_{contiguous ones, of adjacent}

lobes,

makes

a _stigmatic line opposite the placenta.

There

is

nothingⁱⁿ

Canbya

^to

show

that the_{stigmaticline,}

which

is there also opposite the _placenta,

was

not derived in the

same way

yetthe

two

_genera are sufficiently characterized

by

^their

gen

eral differences.

Aranaria

compacta

sp.nov.

Sterns

compacted

^{into a dense}

mat from

a _thick,

woody, many-branched

caudex, the denselyleafylower portion ¹

cm.

or less high; flowering stems _{scantily leafy,} sparingly

cymosely

branched,⁵ cm. orless high,clothedwithshort glandular^hairs;

leavesawl-shaped,triangular incross-section,pungent, glandular-

ciliate,5

mm.

orlesslong,squarrose; thoseofthe_floweringstems similar, usually glandular-hairy

on

_{the back, erect, passing}into scarious bracts

above

_; flowers _single,terminating simple stems, or in

open

few-flowered

cymes

^; sepals 5, 2.5 to 3.5

mm.

_long,

ovateto ovate-lanceolate, scarious-inargined, with athick green midrib excurrentinto apoint; petals 5 or6,oblong-oblanceolate, broadly obtuse;

stamens

10 to12; styles 3 or4.

*Proc.Amer.Acad.Sci,XII,1877..53,pi. II.

tIdem, XII,1877, 52,and XXII,1887, 270.

68

Coville

New

Plants

from

^Southern California,

Type specimen

^{in the}

United

States National

Herbarium.

No. _1653,

Death

_Valley Expedition; ^collected

August

^20. 1891, at timber-line

on

a divide northwest of

Whitney Meadows,

Sierra

Nevada,

^Tulare County, California,

by

^{Frederick V.}

Coville.

The

_plant is of especial ^interestbecause it isevidently a local alpine species derived not

from

the circumpolar Arenaria biflora

and

A. arctica,

but from some

local species of a lower _zone, similarto A.fendleri. ^Itssepals distinguish^{it at} once from the circumpolar plants

mentioned

above, in

which

these organs^are thin,striate,

and

obtuse.

In

_{habit,however,}it closelyresembles

them, having

^{attained the} depressed, matted,

shrubby form

^so protective to plants ^athigh^altitudes.

Brickelliadesertorumsp.m*v.

Shrubby, about

^{I in.} high; branches

minutely

white-torn en- tose,

becoming

glabrous ⁱⁿ the second or third year,but still

with a white epidermis, afterward gray; leaves _alternate,

mi

nutely cinereous-tomentose_{; petioles} 2 to 5

mm.

_long; blades deltoid ovate, truncateat thebase, crenate-dentate,

commonly

³

to 8

mm.

_long,

on

vigorous shoots reaching 16

mm.

in length;

heads

ⁱⁿ_glomerules^{of 2}to4 flowers,

on

short leafybranches

from

a

main

_axis,or inthe secondorthirdyear the branches elongated

and

divaricate

and

_{bearing a single} terminal glomerule^; invo lucre7 to 8

mm.

_high,

about

10-to12-flowered_; bracts 3-nerved, with traces of

minute tomentum,

¹

mm.

or lesswide, bluntly acute,the outermost oblong-lanceolate, ^allwidely recurved ^after the

maturing

^of the achem'a; achenia ²

mm.

_{long, sparingly}

short hispid;

pappus

^scabrous.

This plant ^differs

from

E. californica in its

more _shrubby

branches, whiter^stems,

much

smallercanescent_leaves,

and heads

smaller throughout. In B. californica the involucres are

com monly

^10to12

mm.

_long

and

thebracts obtuse,while the achenia are 3

mm.

_long.

Type specimen

^{intheUnited StatesNational}

Herbarium

_; col lected

November

7,1889,

between Banning and Seven

^Palms,

on

the

Southern

Pacific Railroad, California,

by

^{C. R. Orcutt.}

The

_type

_specimen

^{of B.} californica

was

collected

by Douglas

probably near

San

FranciscoorMonterey.

That

_speciesis

known

inthe coast region of California

from Mendocino county

^{as far} southat leastas

San

_Diego.

Specimens from Utah and

^Arizona

Nevada, Utali,

and

Arizona.

69 have

been referred to B. cali/drnica only with doubt.

The new

species ^is

known

_only

from

the Colorado

and Mohave

Desert regions. ^It

shows

close relationship,too, with the type

form

^of B. reniformw,

but

differs from _it, as

from

B. californica, incaiies- cence

and

size of _leaves,heads,

and

achenia.

Buddleia utahensis _sp. nov.

Shrub

20to 30cm. _high,

young

^{branches leaves}

^and

calyces densely tomentose_; leaves linear to narrowly linear-oblong, irregularly crenate,with

undulate

revolute margins, conspicu ously venose-reticulate, ^{1.5 to} 2 cm.long, reflexed or divaricate

on

_petioles 1 to 2

mm.

_long,Avith smallerleaves axillary-fascicu late_; inflorescence

made _up

of 2 to 4 distinct spheroidal con gested ^clusters(about ^1.5 cm. in diameter

and about

the

same

distance apart) of flowers spicatelyarranged ^at the extremities of thebranches_; bracts subtending the^{clusters similarto} the leaves, the

uppermost much

smaller_; calyx ^{lobes 1}-nerved_; corolla indriedspecimens

brownish

_{purple,weathering}to straw color, tube

tomentose

_without, lobeswidely spreading^; anthers sessileinthethroat of the corolla.

This plant^is closely related to B. marrubiifolia,butisreadily distinguished

by

^its spicate flower ^clusters

and narrow

leaves.

In that speciesthesingle sperical

head

terminates the branches

upon

^{a well}defined peduncle, while the ^leaves vary

from

ovate to obovatewith cuneate base.

Type specimen

^{in the}

United

States National

Herbarium

_;

collected in 1877 near St. George, southern Utah,

by Edward

Palmer.

The

_{plant has}

been

collected but_twice, once in the type^lo cality

and now

atthefootofa limestonecliffjustnorthof

Mount

ain _Spring, near Olcott Peak, Charleston Mountains,

Nevada.

The

former isthe

most

_{northerlylocality}

known

for

any

species of the genus. ^B.

marrMifolia

^is

known

in the

United

States onlyⁱⁿsouthern Texas.

Erigeron calvasp. nov.

Apparently

biennial, widely branching

from

the _base, 1

cm.

high, sparingly canescent with hirsute pubescence; ^radical leaves very

numerous,

blade oblong ^to obovate, ^{1 to 1.5} cm.

long,tapering ^intoa petiole of twice that length;

upper

^leaves spatulate,

becoming much

_smaller;

heads

_singly pedunculate

70

jCoville

New

Plants

from

^Southern California,

on

the branches, ^{7 to 8}

mm.

_high, hemispherical, with .very

many

^{flowers; involucral bracts narrowly} linear, acuminate, hirsute; ray ^flowers

numerous,

^{but with} rays minute,pink,

and

shorter

than

the disk_;

pappus

^of ray

and

disk flowers _alike, consisting of several long, stout, closely barbellate bristles (4

mm.

_{long), equalling} the disk _corollas,

and

a few intermediate

much

^shorter_ones;

^achenium

compressed, ^{short villous.}

This _species resembles in general

appearance no

^described Erigeron. ^Its

heads

_closely resemble those of E, _supplex, but that species has

no

_ray flowers whatever. Its pubescence ^is similartothat of E. concinnus.

The

_specific

name

refers to the bald

appearance

^ofthe heads,

due

tothe

minuteness

ofthe _rays.

Type specimen

^{in the}

United

States National

Herbarium,

No. _870,

Death

_Valley Expedition; ^collected

May

^{16, 1891, at}

thefootofthe

Inyo

Mountains,

about

fourmiles north_{of Keeler,} California,

by

Frederick V. Coville.

Brysimum asperum

perenneWatson,var.nov.

Apparently

perennial,the old stem-base horizontal or nearly so_;

stem

_erect,25to50 cm. high^{; radical leaves}oblong^tooblan- ceolate, entire orvery sparsely denticulate-dentate,tapering^into a long petiole, sparselystrigose (like the stem) with the pick-

shaped

^{hairs ofE.} asperum;

stem

leaves narrowly oblanceolate;

petals light yellow; fruit wanting.

Type specimen

^inthe

United

StatesNational

Herbarium,

^No.

1487,

Death

Valley Expedition; ^collected

August

5, 1891, be

tween

Mineral

King and

^Farewell

Gap,

^Sierra

Nevada.

^Tularo County, California,

by

Frederick V. Coville.

Dr.

Watson,

ⁱⁿ

answer

to

my

^letter(forwarded^to

him

with the specimens) saying^thatthis plant

appeared

^distinct

from

_{E. aspe}

rum and

similarto E.

pumilum

of Nuttall,

determined

_{the plant} questionably^as a

new

variety of E. asperum,

and

sent thefollow ing note^:

"

This

may

^be distinct,butit is impossible^{to define a}

new

_species

from

thismaterial. It has not the habitof¹E.

pumi- lumS which

^isa very

dubious

species. Itsperennialcharacter, as

your

specimens show,^is not

always

obvious,

and

our other high

mountain

_specimens

from

California

and

elsewhere

do

_{not help}

to distinguish ^it

from

E.

asperum" The

_plant differsconspicu ously

from

the ordinary Californian

form

of E. asperum ^{in its} yellow^{instead of}orange petals,perennial ^rootstock,smallersize, lesscanescent herbage,

and

broaderroot-leaves,and, furthermore,

Nevada, Utah,

and

Arizona. 71 in itsgeographic range ^ata uniformly higheraltitude,

above

the beltof Pinus_Jeffreyi,to which, with ^{that of} Finns ponderosa,the former appears^tobe confined.

Frasera tubulosa_sp.nov.

Plantabiennial or short-lived perennial, inour specimens

about

60cm. high; stem stout, terete,glabrous, glaucous,

about

⁶

mm.

thickatthebase_; radicalleaves inadense rosette,linear-oblan- ceolate, obtuse, mucronate, reaching ¹ cm. in

width and

9

cm.

in length, usually conduplicate

and

the

apex

recurved, thick,

minutely

scabro-puberulent, glaucousⁱⁿappearance,^its

margin

white, cartilaginous, entire_;

stem

leaves _similar,

becoming

smaller above, ⁱⁿ whorls of 5 or 6_; inflorescence a

narrow

spicate panicle 30to 40 cm._long,interrupted below,^itsbranches reaching 5 cm.in length,

mostly

shorter, erect; pedicels 2 to 20

mm.

_{long,erect; sepals4,}linear-subulate, 6 to8

mm.

long, often spinulose-denticulate

toward

the base; petals4,white, oblong- obovate, acuminate,^{9 to 11}

mm.

long, slightly gibbous ^at the base_; gland

on

the face of the _petal none,

but

represented

by

atube of the

same

_texture,

and

half as long, asthe _corolla, in serted over the gibbosity at the base of the petal, split

about

half

way

^{to the baseina} direction tangential^tothe axis of the flower, theposterior lobe slightly larger

and

bothlacerate-fim- briate;

stamens

_4, filaments

about

aslong^as the _sepals,anthers oval, 2

mm.

_long;

ovary

compressed, oblong-lanceolate,taper ing ^{into 2} subulate appressed styles,the

whole

_equalling the

stamens

_{; placenta} at the edges ^of the _ovary, not intruded;

ovules 6 _{to 10,} oblong, very ^thin

and

flat_; stigmas recurved- spreading, flat, hardly broader

than

the _style; capsule very

flat; valves obovate-oblong, with^callous thickened

margins and

1

median

nervecontinuedinto thestiffsubulate_{persistentstyle,} the

whole

12 to 14

mm.

_{long; seed single,}lamelliform, oblong,

minutely

cellular-muriculate,

about

5to7

mm.

_long.

This plant ^differs

from

all other _{species of} the

genus

^{in the} apparent absence^ofthe_petalinegland

and

inthe presence^ofthe tubular nectary described above.

The

leaves arevery^similarto those ofF. albomarginata, while the

form

ofthe inflorescencere

sembles

that of F. nitida

and

F. albicaulis.

Type specimen

^{intheUnited States National}

Herbarium,

^No.

1598,

Ppath

Valley Expedition; ^collected

August

17, 1891, ⁱⁿ

72

Coville

New

Plants

from

^Southern California, dry^soil

under

Pinus_jcffreyi in the northeast cornerofthe en closureat

Soda

_Springs,

on

the north fork of

Kern

River, Sierra

Nevada,

Tulare County, California.

Gilia setosissimapunctata^var.nov.

Flowers

and

fruit larger

than

in the type

form

_; corollawith tube

about

10

mm.

_long, ^its lobes 7 to 10

mm.

_{long, white,} with purple ^dots

sometimes

_arrangediu longitudinal lines,

and

_{a pair}

ofgoldenspots at

about

the

middle;

capsule ^{(> to9}

mm.

_long,

oftenwith 10seeds in each of the3 cells.

The

_plant^differs

from

_{the type}

form

in the characters

above

mentioned.

In

G.setosissimathecorollatubehas

about

the

same

length,but thelobes are

much

smaller ₍₈ to 5

mm.

_long)

and

cream-colored, with^neitherpurple nor yellow markings,

and

the capsule^is

commonly ^about

⁵

mm.

_{long with}

about

5 seeds inacell.

This _varietyholds the

same

relationtothetype

form

that G.

mat

thewsiidoes toG.schottii.except ^{that in} thecase ofthelatter

two

speciesthe differentiation appears^to be complete, while ⁱⁿ the formerintegrades in^size

and

coloration occur.

The

flowers of G.

setosissima,

and

its variety are regular, erect,

and

with _straight stamens, while those ^of the other

two

species areirregular, in serted at

an

_angle or even horizontally,

and have

_ascending stamens. In

herbarium

_specimensthis irregularity ^is oftdn ob scured,

and

G.schottiiisfrequently

confounded

with G.setosissima.

Both

G.schottii

and

G. matthewsii _are, however,readily ^distin guishable

from

G.setosissima

and

itsvariety

by

^avegetative-char acter

which was

_{originally pointed}

out* by Watson, but which was

afterward lost sight^of.

In

theformer thelateral bristlesof the leaf arise singly,in the latter in twos _(rarely singly or in threes),

from

each hair tubercle. Thischaracter is constant.

These

four plants are very interesting

from

the standpoint ^of their genealogicalinterrelation.

The

_parent

form

_{probablywas, or}

was

_verysimilarto, G.setosissima_;

from

this G.schottiideveloped;

and

_then,

from

both_{these, plants} with_larger, strikingly colored corollas differentiated. G. setosissima punctata

and

G.matthewsii respectively.

The name _adopted

for the _variety is

one

used

on herbarium

_specimens

by

^Dr.

Gray

but never published.

Type specimen

^{in the UnitedStates National}

Herbarium,

^No.

716,

Death

_Valley Expedition; ^collected April ^{21, 1891, in Sur-}

*Bot.KinuSnrv., 1871, 207.

Nevada, Utah,

and

Arizona.

73

prise

Canon. Panamint

_Mountains, California,

by

Frederick V.

Coville.

Isomeris arborea globosavar.nov.

Stem

not glaucous^; petals ovate,sub-palmately veined; cap sule globose, truncate orretuse, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; seed with a transverse groove

between hilum and body

^{; otherwise as the} type ^form.

Our

_plantdiffersconspicuously

from

_{the type}

form

inthe

shape

ofitscapsules,acharacterat oncenoticeable intheliving plant.

The

stemsof the

new

_year's

_growth

ⁱⁿ_{the type}

form

areglaucous^. the _petals narrowly oblong

and

pinnately veined^; the capsules oblong,attenuateinto the_stipe, abruptly tapering ^at the

apex

^;

and

theseedswithout a groove

between

the

hilum and

_{the body.}

The same

_{plantas ours,} but without

mature

_fruit,

was

collected

by ^Xantus

^de

Vesey

near Fort Tcjonⁱⁿ 1857-58.

Type specimen

^{intheUnited States National}

Herbarium,

^No.

1107,

Death

_Valley Expedition; ^collected

June

_24, 1891.

on

Calicnte Creek, a few miles

above

_Caliente,

Kern

_County, Cali fornia,

by

Frederick V. Coville.

The

characteristic distribution ofthis variety

was

not ascer tained. It

might

be expected^tobea

form

modified

by proximity

tothe

Mohave

_Desert,but the type

form

enters the western por tion of this desert in at least one _place,

Tehachapi

^Pass;

and

floweringspecimens,

presumably

^of the type form,

were

seen in April

about

_fortymilgs

from Mohave on

theroad

from

_{that place} toSearles'

borax

establishment.

Lepidospartum

^striatum sp. nov.

Shrub

1 to 1.6

m.

_high,with a stout erect trunk; branches

numerous,

^erect, striate-angled

by

^{3 ribs decurrent}

^from

^each

leaf-base, closely white-tomentose, the ^ribs resiniferous

and

_gla brous; ^leaves alternate, filiform-linear, thicker above, acute, slightlyspreading,20to25

mm.

_{long, or}the

upper

only 10

mm.

;

heads

2 to 5 at the

apex

^of the branch, singly sessile, or very short-pedunclcd,ⁱⁿtheaxilsofleaf-like bracts,12to16

mm.

_long;

involucre oblong ^to

narrowly

oblong, 7 ^to 10

mm.

_high; bracts

about

_9,broadly ovate ^to narrowly oblong, obtuse, ^stiff, coria ceous,with

narrow membranaceous

_margin, lanate

on

the

back

imbricated, the outer successively shorter; flowers 5; corolla

10 BIOT,. Soc.,WASH.,VOL. VII,^1W>

74

Coville

New

Plants_from. Southern California, lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, longer

than

the _throat,with

mar

ginalnerves

and an

_oblongor linear resinductatthe

apex

; anthers acutelysagittate at the base; anther-tipsobtuse; styles 2 to 2.5

mm.

_{long, linear,}bluntly acute but short-hairy so ^{as to} appear obtuse;

achenium

_densely villous with spreading long white hairs_;

pappus

copious, white, of conspicuously scabrous ^soft bristles.

This plant has the general

appearance

^{of a} Tetradymia, but the involucre

and

_style-tips of Lepidospartum.

The

branches resemble thoseofT. glabrata,except ^thatthedecurrentleaf-base is

made _up

of three slenderribs instead of

one broad

line.

The

leavestoo are very^{similar to}the

primary

^{ones of that}species.

The

iiivolucral bracts are thoroughly imbricated,

and

in this respect are quite ^different

from

those of

any

Tetradymia; yet their texture

and

_pubescence arcthe same.

The _{pappus and}

achenia _closely resemble those of T. glabrata

and

T. canescens inermis.

The median

nerveof thecorolla lobes in Tetradymia

and

in Lepidospartum squamafwm,

which

are really resin ducts, arehere

reduced

to large linear oroblong apical resinglands not

produced

^{tothebaseofthe lobe.}

The

anther_tip is reallyacute but

from

the hairs

about

it appears obtuse,

and somewhat

re sembles that of Tetradymia.

The

_{plant forcibly suggests} the reuniting of Lepidospartum with Tetradymia, as a subgenus, ^a position in

which

Dr.

Gray

^{* once} placed ^it,but the involucres ofthe

two

_genera are of quite ^differenttypes.

Type specimen

^{in the}

United

StatesNational

Herbarium,

^No.

558, Shockley, 1888; collected in August, 1888, in

Soda

_Springs

Canon, Esmeralda

County,

Nevada, by W. H.

_Shockley.

Mentzelia reflexa_sp.nov.

Plant annual, 20 cm.^orlesshigh;

stem

_{stout,diffusely}

branch

ing

from

the_base,

brownish

white

and

striate

when

dry, hirsute, as well astheleaves

and

_{calyx lobes,} with _retroselybarbed,^as well as with

upwardly

denticulate, hairs; leaves

from

linear-ob- lanceolate

below

to ovate or even hastate above,short-pctioled or sessile, all irregularly sinuate-dentate or the lowest almost pinnatifid^; flowers single

on

short usually ^{1- or 2-leavecl} axes intheforks ofthe

stem

; ovary broadly oblong,4to 5

mm.

_long,

*Proc. Amer. Acad._Sci., IX,1874, 207.

Nevada,, Utali,

and

Arizona.

75

hirsute; calyxlobes triangular-subulate,

about

^1.5

mm.

broad at base

by

^5to(5

mm.

_{long; petals} oblong-oblanceolate,tapering^to a bluntly acute apex, equalling the calyx ^lobes; staminodia

none

;

stamens

9 to 13,shorter

than

_{the calyx}; filaments ex

panded

^atbaseonly, oralmosttothe apex, ^to awidth of

about

.5

mm.;

^anthers small,

about

as

broad

as long; placentas ^3.

broad, fleshy; ovules

about

one-half

imbedded

inthe_placenta); style^cleftfor

about

one-third ^its length, equalling the

stamens

;

capsule oblong, 8 ^to 10

mm.

_long, its pedicel reflexed at the

apex

^{; seeds}

about

10 or 12 in each capsule, gray,

somewhat

compressed, angularly obovate ^or pyriform, slightly constricted

below

the middle,

and

with a

deep

^transverse groove

on

either facealong^this line,muriculate throughout.

This plant appears not ^to be closely related ^to

any known

species of Mentzelia. It resembles in its

petals, stamens,

and

seeds

M.

_torreyi,

and

inthe last of these organs

M.

_tricuspis

and

its allies. Its characteristic external features are its diffusely

branched

butstiffhabit,^its flowers scattered intheforks ofthe stem,

and

its reflexed fruiting pedicels. ^Itsseeds resemble those of

M.

_tricuspis.

Type specimen

^inthe

United

States National

Herbarium,

^No.

709,

Death

_Valley Expedition; collected April 21, 1891, in

Sur

prise

Canon, Panamint

Mountains, California,

by

Frederick V.

Coville

and

Frederick Funston.

Phacelia perityloides sp. nov.

Suffrutescentperennial 10^to 20cm. high, diffusely branched, densely leafy; stem, ^{as well as} branches, leaves,

and

_calyx,

viscid with glandular ^{hairs, or at} the base densely ^villous- tomentose_; leaves alternate_; petiole 7 ^to 15

mm.

_long; blade orbicularwith truncate to cordate base, crenate-dentate oreven lobed, ^{7 to}12

mm.

in diameter, the hairs shorter

than on

the

stem and

_petiole; flowers in loose

racemes

terminating the branches; pedicels 3 ^to 5

mm.

_{long; calyx}

about

4

mm.

_long,

the lobes oblong-spatulate, obtuse

; corolla cream-white, spar ingly glandular-hairy, twice as long ^as the _calyx, its

narrowly

campanulate

^tubelonger

than

_{the calyx}

and

its short orbicular lobesabruptly spreading;

appendages

10 semilanceolatevertical lamella?free

from

the filaments_; the 3 veins ofeachcorollalobe continuing distinct to the base of thetube_;

stamens

included

76

Coville

New

Plants

from ^Southern

California,

inthe throat of the corolla; anthers oblong; ovary

and

included style sparingly ^short hairy^; style tips very short, divergent^; capsule narrowly ovate, bluntlyacute, 3 ^to4

mm.

_long; seeds apparently very

numerous,

oblong, aiigulate

by

compression, scrobiculate, 5

mm.

_long.

The

_{plant closely} resembles a small congested

specimen

^of

Perityle emoryi.

The form

oftheleavesisvery^{similarto that in} P. rotimdifolia, but the _plant, while belonging ^to the

subgenus

Eutoca, ^differs

from

all itsspecies in beingsuffrutescentlyperen

nial.

The

cream-white corollas

form

another conspicuous char acter.

Type specimen

^{inthe United States National}

Herbarium,

^No- 524,

Death

_Valley Expedition; ^collected

March

_{31, 1891,} in

Johnson Canon, Panamint

_Mountains,California,

by

^Frederick V. Coville.

Potentilla eremica _sp. nov.

Plant ofthe sub-genus ^Ivesia, perennial, in large ^tufts

from

a

branched

caudex,villous-canescent

throughout

^{; stems}few,^erect or

procumbent,

^{10 to 20cm.high,} sparingly short-leafed_; rad ical leaves

many,

^the largest 13 cm. _long,terete_; leaflets

some

times 60 pairs, entire, broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, 2 ^{to 2.5}

mm.

_wide, closelyimbricated in 2 rows along the.rachis;

stem

leaves similar, shorter, borne at intervals of

about

1 to 2 cm., the

uppermost

not exceeding ¹ cm. _{in length;}

cyme

narrow,

about

⁵ cm. long; ^bracts simple^orfew-cleft,

about

3

mm.

_long;

pedicels 5to 7

mm.

_long, erect_; calyx ^{3 to} 4

mm.

long, lobes lanceolate-acuminate; calyx ^bracts ovate;

stamens

_{20; pistils} apparently ^{2 or 3; hairs of} the receptacle dense, conspicuous,

1 to 1.2

mm.

_long.

This plant

was

collected in winter, so thatonly^the remains of theinflorescence of the preceding year

were

found.

The

leaves at first sight closely resemble those of P. santolinoides.

The

plant

was found

^{in but}

one

_place,

about two

miles east of Watkins' ranch

(and about

^{one-half mile south of the"devil's} hole^r), in

an

alkaline limestone

marsh on

a sloping gravelly mesa,

growing

^with Spartina gracilis, Anemopsis cali/ornica,

and Schcenm

_nigricans.

Type specimen

^{inthe United States National}

Herbarium,

^No.

366,

Death

_Valley Expedition; ^.collected

March

2, 1891, near

Watkins'

_ranch,

Ash _Meadows, Nye

County,

Nevada.

^\ccada, Utali,

and

Arizona. 77 Potentillapurpurascenspinetorum ^{var. nov.}

Plant _csespitoee

from

a

many-branched caudcx

; stems

about

3 cm. high ^; inflorescence loosely

cymose;

^{radical leaves} very

numerous,

^{7 to 14} cm. long; lower ^leaflets

about

7

mm.

_long,2- divided, the divisions often 2-lobed

;

upper

^leaflets

merely

^2- lobed; divisions in both oblong-oblanceolate, glabrous ^or very scantily villous; otherwise as the type^form.

In

_{aspect our plant}isquite ^different

from

Rothrock's _speci

mens

^ofthe type form,* they being but ^{5 to 16} cm. _high, with shorter _leaves,

and

_{shorter, broader,}

more

_congested, villous- hirsuteleaflets.

The

characters oftheflowersareidentical.

The

following references to ^Potentilla

pwrpurawcns may

^be helpful^: Wats.Proc.

Amer.

Acad.

XI

148₍₁₈₇₆₎

under Horkdia;

Greene, Pittonia I 105 _(1887).

Type specimen

^inthe

United

States National

Herbarium,

^No.

1579,

Death

_Valley Expedition; ^collected

August

10, 1891, ^at

Trout Meadow,

^Sierra

Nevada,

^Tula-re County, California,

by

Frederick V. Coville.

Our

_plant

was abundant throughout

^the valley of the nort'n fork of

Kern

_{River, in} forests of Pinus_Jeffreyi, along the ^rather dry

margins

^of

meadows.

Rothrock's

came from

_{a higher}alti tude, 9,000 feet,

u

on

the head-waters of

Kern

River,"

and

is

undoubtedly

a derivative

form

modified

by changed

conditions.

Sarcobatus_{baileyisp.nov.}

Shrub

.5 to 1

m.

_high;

bark dark

_gray after the first year;

branchesdivaricate, closely interlocking, the ultimate banchlets always spinescent^; leaves 8 to 14

mm.

_longor _shorter,

pubes

cent, especially near the apex, with short, flattened, branched, reflexed _hairs,thelaterleaves often glabrate in age;

male

_spike not seen_; fertile spikes infra-axillar}^

on

old

wood,

consisting of 2 femaleflowers at the base (one ^often wanting), each ⁱⁿthe axil ofa _leaf,

and

a terminal _spiciform portion ^of

male

_flowers, the

whole

axis 1 to 1.5 cm. long; ^fruit very large;

body

^{8 to}

9

mm.

_long,

about

5

mm.

broad at its widest point;

wing ob

long-orbicular, erose, 10to 15

mm. _by

8 to 10

mm.

in diameter_; seed not developed.

The

_plant differs

from

S.vermicuhilus initssmaller_size,

always

spinescent branchlets,^intricate

and compact

growth, smaller

and

*Bot.Wheeler Surv., 1876,pi. III.

78

Coville

New

Plants -from

Southern

California,

usually pubescentleaves,largerfruit,

and

differentinflorescence.

S.vermiculatususually grows, ⁱⁿ

Nevada,

^{1.2 to 1.8 in.} high,with branches less intricate

and

often not spine-tipped,

and

leaves

when

well developed ^{12 to} 20 oreven 30

mm.

_long

and

almost invariably glabrous. ^{Its fertile} flowers are described

by ^Ben- tham and Hooker*

as axillary

and

_solitary,but theaxis

on which

they^are borneisreallycontinuedintoa

rudimentary male

^spike-

let similarto that of S. baileyi,but each floral axis,instead of bearing ^{1 or 2} female flowers as inthat _species,

commonly

^has

from

4 to 8. In S.vermiculatus the

body

^{of the fruit is 4 to 5}

mm.

_long, 2.5to 3.5

mm.

_broad,

and

the

wing

^{7 to 13}

mm. _by

5 to 8

mm.

indiameter.

Type specimen

^inthe

United

States National

Herbarium,

^No.

1994,

Death

Valley Expedition; ^collected

June

2, 1891, in a valley near Thorpe's quartz-mill,

Nye

County,

Nevada, by

^Ver-

non

_Bailey.

The

_plant

was

^first seen

by

Mr. Bailey ^at Cloverdale,

Esme-

ralda County.

Nevada,

in 1890,

and

_recognized

by him

^{as differ}

ent

from

S. vermiculatus.

In company

^{with Dr.}

Merriam he

afterward

found

it ina_{valley in}

Nye

County,

Nevada,

^southeast

by

^east

^from Gold Mountain,

near Thorpe's quartz-mill,

and

laterin Fish

Lake

_Valle}⁷

westward from

the otherlocalities,

on

theCaliforniastate line.

There

isinthe National

Herbarium

a

specimen

^ofthe

same

_plantcollected

by

^{J. G.}

Lemmon

_{in 1875,}

probably

^inwestern

Nevada. The

_species istherefore confined, sofar as

known,

^tothe counties of

Esmeralda and _Nye,

in

Ne

vada,

and Mono and

_Inyo, inCalifornia. Itake pleasure ^{in as} sociating Mr. _Bailey's

name

with thisshrub, both ^as a

mark

of hisearnest

and

invaluable labors inthefield of natural _history

and

as a

reminder

ofa

warm

_friendship established

among

^the

vicissitudes of adesert exploration.

Saxifraga iiitegrifolia sierrae var. nov.

Blades of larger leaves 8^to 12 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate ^to elliptical-lanceolate, acute, conspicuously serrate-denticulate,

from

_glabrous to sparingly

clammy-hairy above and

beneath, thinner

and more

_distinctlyveined

than

inthe type; petiole

and margin

^{of the leaf}

toward

the base ciliate with

clammy

^hairs;

otherwise as the type ^form.

*Gen.PL_{III, 1880,}76.

Nevada, Utah,

and

Arizona.

79 Type specimen

^{in the}

United

States National

Herbarium,

^No.

17(V>,

Death

_{ValleyExpedition;} collected

August

25,1891,

about

eight miles northwest of

Whitney Meadows, on

^{the headwaters} of

Kern

_River, Sierra

Nevada,

Tulare County, California,

by

Frederick V. Coville.

The

_species

was

described*

from specimens

^collected

by

Scouler ^"near the

mouth

of the Columbia, northwest ^{coast of} America,"

and

is excellently figured.t

Specimens

^{collected in}

lateryears in the

same

_{region agree} with Hooker'sdescription

and

_figurein being viscid-pubescent throughout,

and

in

having

theleaves oblong, entire, obtuse,

and

_{scarcely exceeding}3.5 cm.

in length.

None

of the specimens

from

the Sierra

Nevada

re

semble

the type form, but a

good

^series of intergradcs existbe

tween

the

two

_regions

and

in the

Rocky Mountains where

the variety occursalso.J

The

Sierran plantappears never ^to

have

been described except ⁱⁿ the

Botany

of California,

where

the description of thetype

form

isvariedtoincludeit. InDr.Gray's conspectus ^of the _species of Saxifraga ^{it is} notdistinguished

from

Hooker's_plant.

Stylocline arizonica sp. nov.

Plant of the

subgenus

Eustylodine, 5 cm.or less high; habit that of S. micropoides; leaves obtuse or abruptly acute;

heads

4.5 to 6

mm.

_high; bracts of the _receptacle Broadly

winged around

the conduplicate portion;

achenium

lunate.

The

_species ^differs

from

S.micropoides in^itsprevailinglyobtuse leaves, ^its

winged

bracts,

and

its lunate achenia

; that species

having narrowly

^acuteleaves,bractsnot

produced

^into wings^at the margin,

and

straight achenia.

From

S.gnaphaloides^itdiffers in its smaller _{size, larger} heads,

and

linear-oblong ^{leaves. S.}

gnaphaloides attains a height ^{of8 to} 10cm.

and

isvery diffusely branched, while^its

heads

are

seldom more than

3

mm.

_high

and

its leaves arc oblanceolatewith atapering base.

Type specimen

^{intheUnited StatesNational}

Herbarium

_; col lected

May

^1, 1867,

on

the

Verde

_{Mesa, Arizona,}

by

^{Dr. Charles} Smart.

*Hook. Fl.Bor.Amcr.,I,1833, 249.

tLoc._cit.,t,86.

JWheeler_Survey,No.706.

\Proc.Amer. Acad._Sci.,

XX,

1884, 8-12.

80

Coville

New

Plants

from

^Southern California.

The

_species

undoubtedly

^{is confined to the}

Lower Sonoran

zone of the desert region. ^S.gnaphafoides belongs ^totheintra-

montane

region of California.*

*The word^"intramontane^"isapplied heretothat portion of^Califor niawestofalineofmountains

made

_upofthe Sierra Nevada, San Ber nardino,and San Jacinto ranges, togetherwith their connectingridges.

Thatareaisthusdistinguishedfrom the ultramontaneor desertandGreat Basinportions of the^state. The tworegions aremarked by^distinctchar

acteristicfloras. Northof the SierraNevada andsouthoftheSanJacinto Mountainstheprecise location ofthe _dividing line hasnotbeen _clearly determined.