UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI PADA SISWA SMK KELAS X
PROPOSAL SKRIPSI
Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Sebagian dari Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia
Isma Muzdhalipah Hidayat NIM 19210141
S1 PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA
INSTITUT KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN (IKIP) SILIWANGI
CIMAHI 2022
LEARNING BERBANTUAN APLIKASI INSHOT
UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI PADA SISWA SMK KELAS X
Isma Muzdhalipah Hidayat 19210141
Menyetujui Penguji I
Dr. Wikanengsih, M.Pd.
NIDN 0020076802 Penguji 2,
Suhud Aryana, M.Pd.
NIDN 42122233
karunia serta hidayah-Nya sehingga peneliti dapat menyelesaikan proposal skripsi dengan judul Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Aplikasi Inshot Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Deskripsi Pada Siswa SMK Kelas X.
Peneliti berharap proposal skripsi ini dapat berguna dalam rangka menambah wawasan serta pengetahuan kita mengenai penerapan perangkat pembelajaran di era digitalisasi. Peneliti berharap adanya kritik, saran, dan masukan yang bersifat membangun. Semoga proposal skripsi ini dapat dipahami bagi siapapun yang membacanya.
Cimahi, 20 April 2022
Peneliti
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN...i
KATA PENGANTAR...ii
DAFTAR ISI...iii
A. JUDUL...1
B. LATAR BELAKANG...1
C. RUMUSAN MASALAH...2
D. TUJUAN PENELITIAN...3
E. MANFAAT PENELITIAN...4
F. DEFINISI OPERASIONAL...4
G. KAJIAN TEORITIS...7
H. METODE PENELITIAN...10
I. SUBJEK DAN LOKASI PENELITIAN...12
J. INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN...12
K. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN...15
L. PROSEDUR PENGOLAHAN DATA...17
M. JADWAL PENELITIAN...17
N. DAFTAR PUSTAKA...18
A. JUDUL
Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Menggunakan Project base learning Berbantuan Aplikasi Inshot untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Deskripsi Pada Siswa SMK Kelas X.
B. LATAR BELAKANG
The current era is the era of the industrial revolution, which emphasizes the utilization of digitalization. Whatever the form, it is undoubtedly packaged by digital technology. One of the factors of learning adjustment consists of several elements, and one of them is the instructional media that educators must understand, with the hope that the material is effectively delivered, beneficial, and useful. Irianti & Imroatu Julaikah (2018) state that the learning process has seen improvements, such as the existence of online learning, which is a manifestation of the utilization of digital technology, assisting educators and learners in conducting the learning process in different locations due to distance constraints.
According to Rivai (2015), the use of instructional media is expected to enhance the maximum learning outcomes.
This Inshot-based instructional media is created to support an interactive learning process. It stems from the complaints of several students at SMK Bakti Kencana when they were confused about what to incorporate in their writings during descriptive text
lessons. In essence, the creative writing process differs for each individual, but in some similar cases where students feel uncertain about expressing their thoughts, they were assigned tasks to convey their perspectives on illustrated examples presented in the form of descriptive texts. As a result, they often find it more convenient to leave the task incomplete and prefer to ask someone more mature than to rely on their own work to provide insights regarding the presented brief description.
Basic competencies and core competencies serve as references in students' learning process to study descriptive texts. The stages for writing a descriptive text include identifying the problem, determining the object, analyzing the text that has been created, and presenting the results of writing descriptive texts both orally and in writing.
C. RUMUSAN MASALAH
Based on the background of the problem, the research issues in this study are formulated as follows:
1. How effective is the instructional media using project-based learning aided by the Inshot application in improving the skill of writing descriptive texts among 10th-grade vocational high school students?
2. What is the response of 10th-grade vocational high school students towards the instructional media using project-based learning aided by the Inshot application in improving the skill of writing descriptive texts?
3. What is the writing ability of 10th-grade vocational high school students in writing descriptive texts when their learning utilizes instructional media using project-based learning aided by the Inshot application?
D. TUJUAN PENELITIAN
Berdasarkan rumusan masalah di atas, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis:
1. To determine the effectiveness of instructional media using project- based learning aided by the Inshot application in improving the skill of writing descriptive texts among 10th-grade vocational high school students.
2. To assess the response of 10th-grade vocational high school students towards the instructional media using project-based learning aided by the Inshot application in improving the skill of writing descriptive texts.
3. To evaluate the writing ability of 10th-grade vocational high school students in writing descriptive texts when their learning utilizes instructional media using project-based learning aided by the Inshot application.
E. MANFAAT PENELITIAN
The effectiveness of instructional media based on Inshot is expected to assist teachers in the teaching and learning process and serve as an alternative to enhancing the skill of writing descriptive texts among 10th-grade vocational high school students. The expectations of this research are as follows:
1. For teachers, this media is expected to provide an alternative during the teaching and learning process. The engaging content presented by the Inshot-based instructional media can help students understand the descriptive text that will be expressed in written form.
2. For students, this research can provide an active and easily understandable learning experience. By using Inshot-assisted instructional media, students will gain insights to enhance their writing skills, particularly in descriptive texts.
3. For researchers, this study provides valuable experience, insights, and skills in utilizing Inshot-based instructional media.
F. DEFINISI OPERASIONAL
Anything that helps the learning process by stimulating the mind through specific tools or media applications that can convey messages to students can be referred to as instructional media.
Each era will encounter different characters, lifestyles, and learning methods, so instructional media will continue to evolve according to the needs of that time. Since instructional media has several active functions in every learning situation, it should be tailored to the teaching materials that assess the basic competencies in order to provide stimuli that enhance students' understanding of the conveyed material, thereby facilitating them in the process of expressing ideas in written form.
The Project Based Learning (PBL) research model is an instructional approach that emphasizes the application of students' knowledge and skills in the context of authentic and relevant projects or tasks. In the PBL model, students actively work to solve complex problems, explore information, apply learned concepts and skills, and collaborate with classmates or team members.
Writing skills are one of the effective and expressive language skills used for indirect and direct communication with others. Writing skills are undoubtedly connected to other language skills. It cannot
be denied that writing skills have been implemented since elementary education. Writing skills do not develop instantly; they do not come automatically without a process of practicing writing.
There are various types of writing, not only fiction and non-fiction writing, but the most beneficial type of writing is one that has a logical flow and is continuously coherent.
A descriptive text is defined as a paragraph that provides clear and detailed explanations using descriptive words. It is one of the text types that students need to master and is introduced to them since elementary school.
Generally, a descriptive text is defined as a text that aims to describe an object based on its physical characteristics with valid data.
Inshot is a video editing application that is continuously developed in accordance with the advancements of time. This innovative learning media is supported by ICT and greatly contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of teaching and learning activities. Inshot is designed with a user-friendly interface that is easy to use and understand. The materials tailored to the instructional content can be thoroughly examined, resulting in an engaging learning experience for students.
Upon careful examination, the instructional media aided by the Inshot application can enhance the attractiveness of the presented learning materials, thereby improving students' understanding, learning interest, and acceptance of the perspectives provided by teachers. Learning media continues to become more engaging, and through its attractiveness, students will gain a broader perspective for expressing their ideas in writing.
G. KAJIAN TEORITIS
1. Media Pembelajaran
Instructional media refers to tools, methods, and techniques used to achieve effective responses between students and teachers in the teaching and learning process (Tafonao, 2018). In the research conducted by the researcher, it can be observed that the definition of instructional media is not solely about tools as a source of learning, but also encompasses the techniques and methods used. Therefore, the stated definition can represent the existing definition.
In line with that, according to Prof. Dr. H. Wina Sanjaya (2012), the principles of using media in instruction can be described as follows:
a. Media is directed to facilitate learning.
b. Media is used to achieve instructional objectives.
c. Media is used in accordance with the instructional materials.
d. Media is used according to students' interests, needs, and conditions.
e. Media is used with consideration of effectiveness and efficiency in instruction.
f. Media should be used by educators who operate them.
This is supported by Rivai's (2015) opinion, which states that the criteria for selecting instructional media are as follows:
a. Alignment with teaching objectives.
b. Support for the content of the subject matter.
c. Ease of obtaining the media.
d. Teacher's skills in using it.
e. Availability of time to use it.
f. Alignment with students' thinking levels.
Therefore, in instructional media, the main aspect to consider before understanding the benefits of instructional media itself is by knowing the characteristics and principles of instructional media so that as operators, we can appropriately select instructional media that can assist the learning process.
2. Writing descriptive texts using Problem Based Learning (PBL) with the assistance of the Inshot application Problem Based Learning (PBL) is an innovative learning model that provides an active learning environment for students (Nisa, 2013:3, in Rerung et al., 2017). According to Utrifani A and Turnip M.
Betty (2014, in Rerung et al., 2017), problem based learning is a learning model that involves students in solving a problem through the stages of the scientific method, enabling them to acquire knowledge related to the problem and develop problem-solving skills. The instructional media for writing descriptive texts using problem based learning will be developed with the assistance of the Inshot application.
The effectiveness of this approach lies in utilizing the key aspects of instructional media, such as criteria and principles, to maximize its impact in the learning process before its implementation.
In language, we are aware that there are four language skills, namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Writing skill is considered the last in the sequence compared to the other three language skills. Expressing thoughts, ideas, and concepts can be conveyed through written form. Writing skill is considered the most challenging skill compared to the other three language skills according to Irianti & Imroatu Julaikah (2018). This opinion is supported by Yunus (2019) who states that writing ability is a person's skill in conveying thoughts, ideas, and feelings to others, ultimately influencing the reader.
Writing descriptive texts is one way to convey information by expressing intentions through the medium of language. A descriptive text contains explanations about an object, place, and so on, according to the presented topic for the readers (Ekasari, 2020). Inshot is a video editing application that can facilitate educators in capturing teaching materials.
This is supported by the fact that Inshot is a user-friendly and easy-to-understand application, particularly for beginners. In terms of its presentation, the produced content appears impressive and avoids monotony (Hafizatul, 2021). According to Tarigan (2018), training language skills means training thinking skills. After careful consideration, it is evident that the indicators to be considered in mastering the skill of writing descriptive texts can be achieved through practice. The more one practices, the more proficient they become in their language skills, as language reflects thoughts and perspectives on anything that can be expressed in written form.
H. METODE PENELITIAN
Writing descriptive texts is one way to convey information by expressing intentions through the medium of language. A descriptive text contains explanations about an object, place, and so on, according to the presented topic for the readers (Ekasari, 2020).
Inshot is a video editing application that can facilitate educators in capturing teaching materials. This is supported by the fact that Inshot
is a user-friendly and easy-to-understand application, particularly for beginners. In terms of its presentation, the produced content appears impressive and avoids monotony (Hafizatul, 2021). According to Tarigan (2018), training language skills means training thinking skills.
After careful consideration, it is evident that the indicators to be considered in mastering the skill of writing descriptive texts can be achieved through practice. The more one practices, the more proficient they become in their language skills, as language reflects thoughts and perspectives on anything that can be expressed in written form.
Figures I. 1 Explanatory mix method chart
I. SUBJEK DAN LOKASI PENELITIAN 1. The research subject is as follows:
• A limited trial study will be conducted on 10th-grade students of SMK Bakti Kencana.
2. The research location is as follows:
• SMK Bakti Kencana, Jl. Encep Kartawiria No.91, Citeureup, Kec.
Cimahi Utara, Kota Cimahi, West Java 40512.
3. Characteristics of the research subjects:
The students are not fully skilled in expressing their thoughts, ideas, and concepts they possess in written form in descriptive texts.
J. INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN
Untuk memperoleh hasil daripada penelitian ini, yang perlu dilakukan dalam penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah digunakannya instrumen penelitian
berbasis tes dan wawancara. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar mencapai hasil penelitian yang mana guna untuk mengumpulkan data dari permasalahan yang ada. Pengukuran yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada pengumpulan karakteristik suatu objek yang diteliti. Menurut Dalam Permendikbud RI No. 23 Tahun 2016 dalam (Mustafa & Masgumelar, 2022), mengenai teknik dan instrumen penilaian pengetahuan yaitu Pendidik menilai kompetensi pengetahuan melalui tes tulis, tes lisan, danpenugasan. Adapun penjelasannya adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Instrumen tes tulis berupa soal pilihan ganda, isian, jawaban singkat, benar-salah, menjodohkan, dan uraian. Instrumen uraian dilengkapi pedoman penskoran; (2) Instrumen tes lisan berupa daftar pertanyaan; dan (3) Instrumen penugasan berupa pekerjaan rumah dan/atau projek yang dikerjakan secara individu atau kelompok sesuai dengan karakteristik tugas. Adapun wawancara yang ditempuh merupakan jalan dimana hal tersebut dipakai untuk mendapatkan informasi yang valid dari sumbernya, melalui respon dan stimulus atau pertanyaan.
1. Tes
Bentuk instrumen tes yaitu tes menulis petunjuk yang sudah disajikan dalam produk inshot. Kriteria penilaian menulis petunjuk meliputi:
(1) kejelasan isi;
(2) ketepatan tata urutan kalimat;
(3) keefektifan kalimat;
(4) penggunaan ejan dan tanda baca;
(5) kesesuaian bahasa yang digunakan dengan sasaran isi jarangan; dan
6) kemenarikan tampilan karangan.
2. Non Tes
Teknik observasi adalah teknik yang memiliki daya kompleks suatu proses yang tersusun guna mengetahui hasil pengamatan terhadap media pembelajaran yang digunakan, hal tersebut juga tidak luput dari bantuan guru bersangkutan. Teknik wawancara dilaksanakan terhadap siswa SMK Bakti Kencana dengan cara melihat kesiapan dan hasil belajar siswa dalam memahami dan menuangkan pandangan terhadap suatu objek yang disajikan untuk hasil yang dibuat adalah teks deskripsi. Pengelitian ini didokumentasikan dengan cara rekam suara dan foto.
Bentuk Non tes yang dilakukan diantaranya:
a. Wawancara yang dilakukan kepada guru mata pelajaran terkait efektivitas media pembelajaran pada saat proses pembelajaran daring dan luring.
b. Memberikan angket terhadap siswa yang bersentuhan langsung dengan adanya proses efektivitas media pembelajaran berbasis inshot.
K. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN 1. Perencanaan
1. Mengajukan judul proposal
2. Merancang proposal yang akan diajukan 3. Melaksanakan seminar proposal
4. Melaksanakan observasi ke lokasi terkait.
5. Menyusun instrumen baik tes ataupun nontes.
6. Menyusun perangkat pembelajaran.
b. Pelaksanaan
Melakukan pembelajaran berbasis inshot yang disajikan secara berkala dalam 6 pertemuan dan memberikan beberapa tayangan yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran materi ajar teks deskripsi kelas X.
3. Mengumpulkan data dan Evaluasi a. Pengolah data hasil penelitian.
b. Menganalisis data hasil penelitian.
c. Menyusun kesimpulan hasil penelitian.
Data yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah teknik deskriptif kualitatif.
Hal tersebut digunakan untuk menguraikan data dalam kalimat yang efektif sehingga tercapai keterpahaman pembaca. Pengolahan data ini melalui beberapa tahap yaitu; pemeriksaan data, klarifiksi, verifikasi, serta penarikan kesimpulan.
1. Analisis Kualitatif, didapatkan dengan hasil berupa kata- kata tertulis dari subjek yang diamati.
2. Analisis Deskriptif, didapatkan dari hasil mendeskripsikan pengembahan media pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa.
L. PROSEDUR PENGOLAHAN DATA
Seluruh data dalam penelitian ini akan diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS dan Microsoft Excell, dalam bentuk:
1. Statistika deskripsi untuk menggambarkan tahapan efektivitas.
2. Statistika Respond kendala pada saat efektivitas.
M. JADWAL PENELITIAN
No Kegiatan Agustus- November
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Persiapan dan perencanaan penelitian
✔ 2 Penyusunan dan pengajuan
judul proposal penelitian
✔
3 Pengajuan proposal ✔
4 Perijinan penelitian ✔ ✔
5 Pelaksanaan uji produk
efektivitas media
pembelajaran untuk menggunakan metode penelitian yang dipakai
✔
6 Pengumpulan dan analisis data
✔
7 Penulisan skripsi ✔
N. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ekasari, D. (2020). Kemampuan Menulis Teks Deskripsi Siswa Kelas X Smk Negeri 1 Sindue Melalui Metode Mind Mapping. Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 5(3), 1–7.
Hafizatul, K. (2021). Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Inshot Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Ict. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembelajaran Bahasa …, 39–44. Http://Digilib.Unimed.Ac.Id/Id/Eprint/41218
Irianti, Y., & Imroatu Julaikah, D. (2018). Hasil Belajar Keterampilan Menulis Karangan Deskripsi Dengan Model Pembelajaran Concept Sentence Siswa Kelas Xi Semester 2 Sma Negeri 1 Gedangan. Laterne, 7(1), 46–53.
Mustafa, P. S., & Masgumelar, N. K. (2022). Efektivitas Instrumen Penilaian Sikap, Pengetahuan, Dan Keterampilan Dalam Pendidikan Jasmani.
Biormatika : Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(1), 31–49. Https://Doi.Org/10.35569/Biormatika.V8i1.1093
Prof. Dr. H. Wina Sanjaya, M. P. (2012). Media Komunikasi Pembelajaran.
Prenadamedia Group.
Rahmani, Z., Farkhatin, N., & Ningsih, R. (2022). Perancangan Sistem
Informasi Akademik Pada Paud Godwilling Mampang Depok Berbasis
Java Menggunakan Metode R&D. Semnas Ristek (Seminar Nasional Riset
Dan Inovasi Teknologi), 6(1), 454–458.
Https://Doi.Org/10.30998/Semnasristek.V6i1.5750
Rerung, N., Sinon, I. L. ., & Widyaningsih, S. W. (2017). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Sma Pada Materi Usaha Dan Energi. Jurnal Ilmiah
Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 6(1), 47–55.
Https://Doi.Org/10.24042/Jpifalbiruni.V6i1.597
Rivai, D. N. S. Dan D. A. (2015). Media Pembelajaran. Sinar Baru Algensindo.
Tafonao, T. (2018). Peranan Media Pembelajaran Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Mahasiswa. Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, 2(2), 103.
Https://Doi.Org/10.32585/Jkp.V2i2.113
Tarigan, P. D. H. G. (2018). Menulis Sebagai Suatu Keterampilan Berbahasa (Revisi 201). Angkasa.
Yunus, R. N. (2019). Kemampuan Menulis Argumentasi Dalam Latar Belakang Skripsi Mahasiswa Manajemen Universitas. 45(45), 95–98.
