The author expresses his utmost gratitude to the Almighty, Allah SWT, who has given his guidance and mercy to the author in completing this proposal. During the preparation of the complication of this proposal, the author found many problems that could not be solved by the author himself. The writer expresses deep gratitude to those who have given their help, guidance, support, advice and open constructive criticism.
My deep respect and gratitude goes to my best friends Miftahul Jannah, Yuliani, Sri Nur Azzahra and Nur Fadilah who always help and support the writer in all circumstances. Over time, the writer realized that this proposal is still far from perfect and still needs suggestions and criticism.
Background
Be a good speaker, for example a native speaker. The students must master vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. According to Willey and Sons, Gillet (2004: vii) argues that once students know their achievements, they are more likely to become independent learners, effective communicators, and critical thinkers. If the students want to be a good speaker, because they need to understand pronunciation, they produce a good sound and know vowels, consonants and diphthongs.
In the three components of speaking should be recognized by students at Makassar Muhammadiyah University, without them students will be difficult to speak fluently. Regarding the above background, the research assigns a title to this research “Students' Ability to Speak English in the First Semester of the Department of English at Makassar Muhammadiyah University.
Problem statement
Objective of the Study
Significance of the study
Scope of the Study
The Concept of Speaking
- Components of Speaking a. Vocabulary
- Definition of Pronunciation
- Elements of Pronunciation
- Characteristic of Successful Speaking Ability
To speak a foreign language, learners must master the sound system of the language, have near-instant access to appropriate vocabulary, and be able to string together understandable words with minimal hesitation. This is the point when learning to pronounce the sounds of the mother tongue begins (Halliday, 1975:2). It will involve helping students to understand that speaking is an active process of negotiating meaning and using social knowledge of the situation, the topic and the other speaker.
Vocabulary is a fundamental component of second language proficiency, one of the primary goals of language learning is to know the meaning of the words. As much as possible of the time allocated to the activity is actually taken up by learner talk.
Speaking Ability
The Nature of Speaking
The sound of people's speech is meaningful, and therefore it is important to evaluate speech. This leads easily to his idea that the standard by which the learner's pronunciation should be judged is that of a native. According to Morley in Luoma, the native language standard for foreign language pronunciation is questioned on two main accounts.
First, in today's world it is difficult to determine which single standard would suffice as a native speaker standard for any language, especially widely used languages. Standards are evaluated in different ways in different regions and for different purposes, making it difficult to choose a specific assessment standard or to require students to try to approximate only one standard. Second, as research on the language being learned has progressed, it has become clear that although a large number of learners learn to pronounce in a fully intelligible and effective manner, very few learners are able to achieve a native-like standard in all respects.
If native-like speaking becomes the criterion, most language learners will 'fail' even if they. Communicative effectiveness, which is based on intelligibility and perhaps guided by native speaker standards, but defined in terms of the learner's actual achievement, is a better standard for learner pronunciation. The progress of first and second language learners is often tracked according to the grammatical forms they can produce accurately (Larsen-Freeman and Long in Luoma for a discussion of this point).
However, the grammar evaluated in the assessment of speaking must be specifically related to the grammar of speech. However, many 'simple' and ordinary' words are also very common in normal spoken discourse, and their use naturally in speech is likewise a marker of highly advanced speaking skills (Lees in Luoma, 2004). If the listeners notice, they tend to forgive native speakers because they believe they 'know', but in the speech of second or foreign language learners, slips and mistakes mysteriously take on special meaning.
Speaking as Meaningful Interaction
He suggests that the differences can be explained with reference to two sets of conditions: processing and reciprocity. Processing conditions relate to time, the crucial difference being that while writers can generally take as much time as they need to produce their text and readers can tailor their reading (on a separate occasion) to their needs and interests, the processes of speaking and listening are mostly intertwined and happen under the pressure of ever-ticking time. The solution to this is reciprocity, by which Bygate means that speakers respond to each other and take turns to co-produce the text of their speech.
This helps speakers process the demands of speech, but it also has a social dimension in that their phrasing and turn patterns create and reflect the social relationships between them. Each participant is both a speaker and a listener, they build the event together and share the right to influence the results that can be joint and individual (Luoma, 2004:21). When people talk and listen to each other, they are driven by a search for meaning, but the meanings are not always clear and unambiguous.
Moreover, people know that everything that is said has not only one meaning, but many meanings: it says something about one topic or another, but also shows the speaker's attitude to the topic and to other participants, and reflects the knowledge of speakers about the history of the topic, his/her views on what might happen next, and more. The opening of meanings is not only an ease in speaking; it is also an effective strategy for speakers. They may avoid committing to a statement or try to find out how the listener feels about the topic before moving on.
They can try to find out what the listener already knows, what he or she is willing to accept or understand, and what might be the best strategy to persuade the listener to accept their point of view. A member of the group who has other commitments can then say that she likes the idea, but doesn't know yet because something urgent might come up with work or something. Strategically, this is a highly skilled way of using language, and speakers, at least in a language in which they live, use vague expressions automatically for these purposes, because they are a fundamental part of spoken communication.
The Purpose of Speaking
The three variables, input, process, output are briefly classified Input: It refers to speech material.
Research Design
Variable and Indicators
The population in this research was the first semester of the English Department Makassar Muhammadiyah University. Purposive sampling is one that is selected based on knowledge of a population and the purpose of the study.
Research Instrument
Technique of collecting data
Then the researcher gave the chance for the students to present monologue and dialogue with their pairs. The student chose one of the topics and then they presented the topic they had chosen. For example, they chose about education topic, they presented about education in monologue and dialogue.
There is no proof of mastery of any of the language skills and areas practiced in the course. The score on the table (Heaton score) was converted to points on the table using the following formula.
X Where
- Findings
- Discussions
- Students’ Ability to Speak English in Term of Vocabulary
- Students’ Ability to Speak English in Term of Grammar
- The students’ Ability to Speak English in Term of Pronunciation
- Conclusion
- Suggestions
The data collected from 100 students is analyzed in two analyses, namely the students' speaking ability in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. By looking at the table above, it can be concluded that the students' ability to speak English in terms of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. Where vocabulary pretty good 7.1 score, grammar got pretty good 7.3 score, and pronunciation got pretty good 6.2 score.
While the percentage score of students' speaking ability in the area of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation of 100 students as table 4 above showed that vocabulary got a fairly good score, grammar got a fairly good score and pronunciation got a fairly good score. Based on the graphic above, it was evident that the students' ability to speak English in terms of grammar was higher than vocabulary and pronunciation. Seeing the above result, we can conclude that the ability of students to speak English in terms of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation.
Where vocabulary scored fairly well (7.1), grammar scored fairly well (7.3) and pronunciation fair (6.2), the standard score of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation was excellent (10). After calculating the score analysis of the students' speaking skills in terms of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. It turned out that the students' speaking skills on vocabulary scored fairly well with the score (7.1), grammar scored fairly well with the score (7.3), and pronunciation scored fairly well with the score (6.2). the standard score for vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation was excellent (10).
The following were the descriptions about the students' ability to speak English in terms of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation based on the research result. The students still lack pronunciation because most of them were still moderate according to the mother tongue. Since the students at Makassar Muhammadiyah University have quite good speaking ability in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation, based on the result of the average score of the test, this ability should be improved to the higher level, so that they can increase their speaking ability.
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