Thank you for everything you have given me until I finally finish my university education because of your support and prayers. All the International Program Economics Faculty Office Staff (Mr. Ahmad, Mr. Erwanto, Mr. Kandri, Mr. Kusnoto, Ms. Alfi, Miss Rindang, Miss Ariana, Miss Iyana), thank you for your help.
- BACKGROUND
- RESEARCH FOCUS
- RESEARCH PROBLEMS
- PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
- BENEFIT OF THE RESEARCH
Patriarchal culture in Indonesia may be one of the factors that contribute to SH, as SH happens more to women than men. Victim blaming may also be one of the factors that SH did not become the most important consideration in the government's regulatory planning.
THEORY
The results showed that most of the outcome factors showed that they were completely related to the SH experience. Various findings identified with mental health and well-being outcomes also show the extremely negative impacts of SH experience.
PREVIOUS STUDIES
They were drawn from the latest Lengnick-Hall survey, which investigated the activity-related mental and physical outcomes of SH in the work environment. - the results of the analyzes confirm that encounters with inappropriate behavior are inversely related to outcomes related to occupation, mental and physical well-being. research reveals that the quality of these associations was moderated by the average age of the cases and the type of measure used in the primary studies. 1997) studied SH as a dominant workplace stressor. Fitting environmental SH into the SH model created by Fitzgerald, Drasgow, Hulin, Gelfand, and Magley (1997) recommends that abnormal exposure to SH will have comparable work-related, mental, and well-being antecedents and outcomes as direct exposure.
According to the model, organizational climate for sexual harassment and job gender context are critical prerequisites for sexual harassment; which in turn affects work-related variables (eg job satisfaction); psychological conditions (eg anxiety and depression); and physical health. In addition, this study uses a cognitive approach and argues that sexual harassment of men by women is due to 2 types of sexism in combination with stereotypes:. deeper personality characteristics, authoritarianism, contribute to the likelihood of sexual harassment, in combination with variables identified as influencing sexual aggression. It indicates that authoritarianism predicts men's self-reported likelihood of engaging in sexual harassment, mediated by belief in rape myths and S. It can be concluded that benevolent sexism did not predict the likelihood of sexual harassment. 2004) examines the factors that influence women's perception of a sexually hostile workplace.
Swan, & Fitzgerald, 1997: Individuals who have experienced sexual harassment have been found to be less satisfied with their jobs and less committed to their organizations. The framework is based on the assumption that sexual harassment in organizations is primarily a function of organizational and work characteristics and that it is most profitably conceptualized and studied at the level of group culture and organizational climate. We can conclude that benevolent sexism did not predict the likelihood of sexual harassment.
- APPROACH TO RESEARCH
- RESEARCH SITE
- POPULATION SAMPLE
- DATA COLLECTION
- DATA ANALYSIS
RAWCC's advisors are divided into two parts, one works on law - law advisors (LC) which consists of three advisors; one person is full-timer and two persons are part-timer. Another works on psychology - psychology consultants (PC) which consists of seven counselors; three persons are full-timers, two persons are part-timers and two persons are volunteers. One LC will provide more perspective on law enforcement, while the other two PCs will cover victim psychology.
Thus, we selected a total of 3 consultants from RAWCC representatives in the survey; two come from PC full-time, one comes from LC full-time. The interview format began with questions from the consultants about names and positions in RAWCC, followed by general information about the purpose of the research. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to describe the phenomenon and not to test hypotheses.
To this end, six primary steps (Creswell, 2009) were used to analyze the qualitative information from the interviews. The second step in the qualitative analysis was to read through all the data, followed by the third step – detailing the analysis with a coding process. The final step in data analysis involves making an interpretation or meaning of the data.
RESULTS
- SH Definition
- Antecedents of SH
- Specific Pattern on SH
- RAWCC Mechanism on SH Cases
- Challenges on SH Cases
If there are women who become the victims of sexual harassment, the tendency of the society's response even blames the victim on the pretext of coming out "who is guilty of going out at night...". However, the power relations can cause problems if the harasser is the victim's own bosses. In some cases, there is no specific pattern of sexual harassment at work with another.
What differentiates it is usually the strength of the relationship, if the one who becomes the bully is the boss for whom the victim works. Even the owner of the catfish stable did the bullying himself. Then counseling is obviously (done) because victims of sexual abuse are almost certainly psychologically affected, what we usually get from victims of sexual abuse is a form of inferiority, insecurity, shame, guilt for the events that have been experienced." (Ms. Indiah, February 14, 2019).
Victims of sexual abuse often have some scars or physical injuries, so the winning chance for victims in law enforcement will be higher. The prevention program is a multidisciplinary program that includes the sharing of sex education and to raise awareness of sex education, especially for those who are relatively new to sex education (for example, those who live in the suburban area). This is due to the lack of witnesses and physical evidence of sexual harassment (so it is difficult to imagine).
DISCUSSION
The current law is very outdated and cannot cope with more varying SH cases. A person is considered to have experienced a SH if their gender-related behavior meets the requirements of QPQ SH or HWE SH. Alternatively, a person is considered to have experienced SH if he or she feels harassed (regardless of whether gender-related behavior is illegal or not) based on psychological definition.
The sex-based viewpoint (Berdahl, 2007a: 644) characterizes sex-based bullying (SBH) as "behavior that discredits, belittles or mortifies an individual depending on that person's sex". The second questions answered by the interviewer show that one of SH factors is due to unequal power relations. This finding is consistent with the generally accepted phenomenon that one of the antecedents of SH is power-related.
It is also mentioned that RAWCC already has their mechanism to deal with SH cases as well. In addition to advocacy explained above, a more effective approach to dealing with SH is the prevention program already held by RAWCC, a community discussion program for father, mother, male and female teen, and Village Children Forum (Forum Anak Desa) , and the NGO can be invited to give a business or civic community to socialize the importance of SH issues. Also, the vital prevention program for workers should be addressed, as the organizational context in terms of permissiveness and perceptions of SH tolerance, as well as the presence and adherence to policies and prevention strategies play a crucial role in the incidence and prevalence of SH (European Commission, 1998 ; Fitzgerald, Hulin & Drasgow, 1994; O'Connell & Korabik, 2000; Ragins & Scandura, 1995).
CONCLUSIONS
Sexual assault and other types of sexual harassment by staff in the workplace: A comparison of antecedents and consequences. Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: A Feminist Analysis of Recent Events in the UK, Women's Studies International Forum, 26(5), p. Sexual harassment can be in the form of verbal and physical, but not until there is sexual intercourse.'
Walaupun pada kebanyakan kasus pelecehan seksual sulit untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan post mortem karena bentuk (kekerasan) yang diraba, diraba, dipegang tidak meninggalkan bekas apalagi verbal, walaupun tetap kita lakukan (go to rumah sakit). Pelecehan seksual, yang dalam terjemahan populer bahasa Indonesia diartikan sebagai pelecehan seksual, adalah suatu bentuk kekerasan, yaitu kekerasan seksual. Laki-laki selalu mendapat keistimewaan dan perempuan selalu mendapat pembatasan, bahkan ketika mereka menjadi korban pelecehan seksual.
Jadi, terdapat hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara kekerasan seksual dalam bentuk pelecehan seksual dengan pandangan seseorang dan masyarakat tentang cara memandang gender (fungsi dan kedudukan) antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Apakah ada pola khusus bagi karyawan (termasuk jenis kelamin, usia, jabatan) yang melaporkan insiden pelecehan seksual? Tidak mudah bagi perempuan korban kekerasan seksual, dalam hal ini pelecehan seksual, untuk melaporkan apa yang dialaminya.
Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya saksi dan riwayat fisik pelecehan seksual di masa lalu (sehingga sulit untuk mendapatkan hasil visum).
LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Sebenarnya hampir semua umur pernah terlibat dalam kasus kekerasan seksual, namun dalam kasus kekerasan seksual, sebagian besar korbannya adalah anak-anak dan remaja. Karena pekerja magang (siswa SMA) pada umumnya tidak berdaya, jauh dari keluarga, keadaan setelah selesai bekerja bersifat informal, bahkan rentan terhadap pelecehan seksual dan perkosaan, sehingga terjadilah kehamilan. Kemudian konseling, tentu (kami lakukan) karena korban pelecehan seksual hampir pasti terpengaruh secara psikologis, yang umumnya kita dapatkan dari korban pelecehan seksual adalah beberapa bentuk rendah diri, kurang percaya, malu, bersalah atas apa yang terjadi.
Pelecehan seksual tidak terjadi semata-mata karena dorongan seksual pelaku, lebih dari dorongan seksual yang terjadi disebabkan oleh cara pandang pelaku yang memandang perempuan sebagai subjek lemah yang dapat dijadikan objek kekerasan seksual. Bahkan ada perumpamaan yang sering terjadi ketika terjadi pelecehan seksual “berikan kucing ikan asin, pasti akan ditelannya, jangan salahkan kucingnya”. Undang-undang yang sekarang merupakan undang-undang lama tidak memperhitungkan bentuk-bentuk SH yang terjadi, seperti pelecehan seksual, misalnya hubungan seksual, perkosaan, pelecehan seksual yang melibatkan intervensi fisik dan sebagainya.
Misalnya keluarga dan masyarakat terdekat yang justru akan menyalahkan, penegak hukum yang tidak tanggap bahkan menyalahkan, dan orang-orang disekitarnya yang melihat bahwa pelecehan seksual bukanlah sesuatu yang serius dan sayang jika orang lain mengetahuinya. Dan yang lebih mendasar lagi, yang menghambat upaya perlindungan korban kekerasan seksual saat ini adalah belum adanya regulasi hukum yang komprehensif yang mengatur kekerasan seksual. Dapat dikatakan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada sudah tidak dapat lagi menerima berbagai bentuk kekerasan seksual.
Itu sebabnya Rifka Annisa, selain kiprahnya mencegah kekerasan seksual, juga terus mengkampanyekan segera disahkannya UU Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual. Tidak sedikit kasus pelecehan seksual, namun yang kemudian muncul di pemberitaan dan proses hukum tidak banyak, bisa dihitung dengan jari.
