Clarice Bleil de Souza is a senior lecturer at the Welsh School of Architecture working in the interdisciplinary area of design decision making. She got her Ph.D. in construction technology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and was a researcher at the University of Cambridge.
INTRODUCTION
Regenerative design is built on the understanding that people and the built environment coexist with natural systems. Regenerative design requires an understanding of a project's local dynamics and interactions with local climate and living natural systems.
SUMMARY
The first five chapters discuss the principles of regenerative design and their application through digital tools in the topics of 'Climate and Energy', 'Carbon and Ecology', and 'Human Well-Being', and offer new tools, workflows and examples of their application. Most of the case studies presented cover multiple pillars introduced in the preceding chapters.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Second, we thank those who participated in the management, administration, and editing of the book. We would like to thank our fellow RESTORE board members, including Carlo Battisti, Martin Brown, Roberto Lollini, and Andras Reith, who helped guide the book's core principles.
DEFINITIONS FOR DESIGNERS
REGENERATIVE
Chapter Cover Image - Geelen Counterflow, NL Geelen Counterflow's office in the Netherlands is considered the most sustainable office building in the world, generating 50%.
DEFINING REGENERATIVE DESIGN 23 Martin Brown, Emanuele Naboni , Lisanne Havinga
TOWARDS A SOCIALLY JUST, REGENERATIVE ECONOMY 27 Martin Brown, Lisanne Havinga
OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTING REGENERATIVE DESIGN 39 Carlo Battisti , Martin Brown, Emanuele Naboni
BLENDING SCIENCES INTO REGENERATIVE DESIGN PRACTICE 45 Emanuele Naboni
Regenerative design is about achieving the opposite: that buildings become part of climate change solutions. The focus of the chapter is to set out key regenerative design principles and to explore the integration of these principles in practice.
DEFINING REGENERATIVE DESIGN
Lyle pioneered the term 'regenerative design' in his book entitled 'Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development' [5] (the term had already been formulated earlier by Robert Rodale in relation to agriculture [6]). Alencar, 'A regenerative design framework: setting new aspirations and initiating new discussions', Building Research & Information, vol.
TOWARDS A SOCIALLY JUST, REGENERATIVE ECONOMY
In his book entitled "Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development" [4], Lyle states "A regenerative system provides for the continuous replacement, through its own operational processes, of the energy and materials used in its operation". 8] 'Memorandum of Understanding for the implementation of the COST Action 'Rethinking sustainability towards a regenerative economy' (RESTORE) CA16114.' COST Association, 2016.
THE PILLARS OF REGENERATIVE DESIGN
This is also the subject of the book "Regenerative Urban Design and Ecosystem Biomimicry" written by Maibritt Pedersen Zari. Regenerative models, from natural ecosystems to regenerative cultures and communities, are increasingly part of built environment curricula, workshops and conferences.
THE TOOLS OF REGENERATIVE DESIGN
The origin of ideas can be very different; their source can be either built or from the natural environment. Although most professionals involved in the built environment sector state that they embrace sustainability as one of the main drivers of their ethos, regenerative design has been achieved on a disappointingly small scale and examples are hard to find.
OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO
There are a (still limited) number of projects intended to be demonstrations of Regenerative Design: The Bullitt Center, USA;. The book contains several case studies in the chapter titled 'Case Studies of Regenerative Design'.
IMPLEMENTING REGENERATIVE DESIGN
EU regulations and voluntary certification systems focus on limiting environmental damage and pay little attention to regenerative design. For example, in a commercial development project, primary stakeholders such as the investor (private or public), the developer, groups of professionals (such as architects, engineers, etc.), authorities (municipalities, firefighters, etc.), general contractors, facility managers, residents, the public, etc., have different interests.
INTEGRATED REGENERATIVE DESIGN
However, high-performance and new state-of-the-art buildings, such as projects developed according to the principles of regenerative architecture, can be achieved through collaboration and coordination of the goals and work of the various stakeholders. An essential element in this process is that integration from the beginning makes it possible to harmonize the interests and goals of the stakeholder groups.
BLENDING SCIENCES INTO
It is becoming increasingly clear that it is necessary to approach phenomena in terms of wholeness rather than parts, in order to create new and more meaningful relationships. This requires the study of organisms and ecosystems in terms of forms, materials, construction methods, processes or functions.
REGENERATIVE DESIGN PRACTICE
An orchestra consisting of the best soloists will not often perform well together. Direct involvement involves approaches and strategies that take place within the boundaries of the project site.
TOWARDS A PROGRAMMABLE MULTI-DOMAIN DIGITAL DESIGN 55 Emanuele Naboni
BIG DATA, SOCIAL NETWORKS AND WELL-BEING 85 Dario Cottafava
NEW METRICS FOR DIGITAL REGENERATIVE DESIGN 102 Alexander Matthias Jacobson
RISKS AND NEEDS OF DIGITAL REGENERATIVE DESIGN 108 Clarice Bleil de Souza
THE TOOL(S) VS. THE TOOLKIT: THE HIERARCHICAL KIT 113 Chris Mackey
TOOLS AND DATA
This has encouraged architects, scientists and designers to dig deeper into the sciences, on the one hand by looking at the integration of global big data into design, and on the other by exploring the microscopic levels of natural systems to derive solutions for architecture. This encourages designers to seek open software tools that are programmable to handle custom and multi-domain problems [2-5].
TOWARDS A PROGRAMMABLE MULTI- DOMAIN DIGITAL DESIGN
One of the tools that has gained prominence in parametric simulation is the visual programming tool Grasshopper. In this chapter, Pietro Florio presents tools that support the assessment of the visual quality of urban elements.
COMPUTING THE ENVIRONMENT
A leading architectural and ecological feature of the building is the ample daylight in all work areas. This feedback on the predicted performance of the spaces was useful in the early design process.
THE COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN PROCESS
The comments increase the design team's awareness of specific areas or elements of the analysis. According to some estimates, 90% of the data was created in the last two years, and it is expected to increase by 40% annually [1].
BIG DATA IN REGENERATIVE DESIGN
If until recently data in buildings was used to address one theme at a time (e.g. the energy demand), with the advent of the parametric digital design environment (e.g. Grasshopper, a visual programming tool that interfaces with Rhino) , it is possible to link several regenerative design themes and thus several datasets. Some of the publicly available data is collected by the Earth Null School (6) (see Figure 12 and Figure 13).
BIG DATA, SOCIAL NETWORKS AND WELL-BEING
Figures 16, 17 and 18 show three screenshots of possible visualizations used to analyze user feedback and sentiment. When it comes to personal comfort indoors, and according to the main principle of adaptive comfort - if a change occurs that causes discomfort, people respond in ways that seek to restore comfort [14] - such points represent the most interesting part of what is happening. interactions between actors and the environment.
BIG DATA IN REGENERATIVE URBAN DESIGN
Online] Available: http://www.smartcitiesappg.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Urban- Informatics-and-Big-Data.pdf [Accessed 5 January 2018]. Available: https://www.cepal.org/en/projects/big-data-measuring-and-fostering-digital- economy-latin-america-and-caribbean [Accessed 5 January 2018].
MACHINE-LEARNED REGENERATIVE DESIGN
Currently, there are three main misconceptions in the AEC industry, nested in three important design processes: parametric design optimization, ecological design and evolution, adaptation to climate. Few architects enter the field of design to be technocrats; most of them are motivated by creativity.
NEW METRICS FOR DIGITAL REGENERATIVE DESIGN
The ability of these digital tools to feed the design process data on temperature gradients or maps of solar radiation can result in more than the sum of the individual parts. However, the available digital tools offer a constellation of metrics and measures to bring a coherent narrative to complex contexts.
RISKS AND NEEDS OF DIGITAL REGENERATIVE DESIGN
At the same time, analysts must have a good understanding of this very early stage of the design process in order to provide relevant evidence for the decisions that need to be made. This paper suggests that specialization can contribute to a design solution if all parties involved are reasonably familiar with the different types of capabilities involved and are aware of the inherent uncertainties in the early stages of design.
THE TOOL(S) VS. THE TOOLKIT: THE HIERARCHICAL KIT
Instead, they are integrated into much larger systems of tools that together obey a sixth principle of the toolkit - 'organize tools hierarchically.'. This analogy is helpful in understanding why many of Ladybug Tools Legacy Plugins' deeper educational paths failed to garner much of a following.
A PLUGIN FOR URBAN VISUAL IMPACTS
The proposed workflow explores how to quantify the visibility of elements in urban contexts at different planning levels, which can be used to make fundamental decisions in outdoor comfort, psychological well-being and cultural heritage protection. The urban fabric is created on the scale of urban development and the building blocks can be distinguished individually.
ADVANCED SOLAR ENVELOPE GENERATION
Building mass and layout generation for solar access in urban environments', in Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, A. Computational Method for High-rise Buildings in Urban Environments', In Proceedings of the 37th ACADIA , Cambridge, MA, November 2-4, 2017, T .
CLIMATE AND ENERGY
Chapter Cover Image - The Avasara Academy The Avasara Academy (as presented in 'Regenerative Nature-Based Solutions and Technologies' by Maria Beatrice Andreucci) is a residential school campus in a rural village in India.
PATHS OF URBAN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 135 Emanuele Naboni
OVERVIEW OF OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT INDICES 146 Silvia Coccolo
CLIMATE WALKS TO EVALUATE OUTDOOR COMFORT 149 Ata Chokhachian
REGENERATIVE NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES 155 Maria Beatrice Andreucci
GREEN AND BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR OUTDOOR COMFORT 162 Daniele Iori
DESIGNING TEMPERATE AND POLLUTION-FREE ENVIRONMENTS 172 Jakob Strømann-Andersen
ARCHITECTURE AS AN OUTDOOR AND INDOOR CLIMATE GIVER 184 Emanuele Naboni , Francesco Fiorito
CLIMATIC PERFORMANCE OF COOL AND GREEN ROOFING 196 Vincenzo Costanzo
Climate change affects mean patterns as well as the occurrence of extreme and more frequent weather events such as heat waves [3]. The density of cities and the use of artificial materials has indeed led to higher temperatures.
PATHS OF URBAN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Several strategies exist to improve the thermal quality of cities: .. i) the use of cool materials, which are characterized by a high solar reflectance and high infrared emittance [2], [3]; ii) the design of reflective surfaces and cool pavements, which can lower the surface and air temperatures [3], [4]; iii) green roofs [5] and vertical greening systems [6]. Finally, the thermal properties of the land cover and their albedo play a major role in outdoor thermal comfort [12], [13].
OVERVIEW OF OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT INDICES
When approaching thermal comfort modelling, it is important to choose the appropriate comfort model correctly by addressing the following three points: i) the climatic conditions, ii) the urban environment, and iii) the physical characteristics of the pedestrians. Mayer, 'Modeling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments - application of the RayMan model.,' Int.
CLIMATE WALKS TO EVALUATE OUTDOOR COMFORT
Auer, Sensing temporary outdoor comfort: A georeferenced method to monitor and map microclimate, Journal of Building Engineering. Auer, Prototype Environmental Kit for Georeferenced Temporary Outdoor Amenity Assessment, International Journal of Geo-Information ISPRS.
REGENERATIVE NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Dense urban geometries and a lack of permeability of site surfaces generally determine thermal discomfort and the presence of urban heat island effects, with different levels of intensity depending on the time of day and seasons. The lack of green open space, especially during summer, affects the radiative properties of the environment and has negative effects on the urban microclimate, and potentially very harmful consequences for the population and the entire ecosystem.
GREEN AND BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR OUTDOOR COMFORT
Comparison of the air temperature analysis between the existing condition (top) and the new proposal configuration (bottom). Microclimate analyzes of the proposed design were performed using the ENVI-met [4],[5] to simulate surface-plant-air interactions and the distribution of relative humidity, air temperature, ventilation flows (including turbulence phenomena) and mean radiant temperature.
CO-MODELLING WATER AND MICROCLIMATE
The investigation compared the UTCI in a situation where evapotranspiration from the trees and the water in the wadi was neglected and one where Livestock was used to calculate the evapotranspiration from the trees and water. One of the most common barriers to greater outdoor involvement is an inhospitable local climate.
DESIGNING TEMPERATE AND
Through microclimatic analyses, the outdoor season of the squares and courtyards accompanying the building was extended by five weeks. However, architects and urban planners have a unique opportunity to extend the outdoor season by integrating urban physics and climate knowledge into urban planning.
POLLUTION-FREE ENVIRONMENTS
The wind is directed according to the orientation of the towers and the way they gradually rise upwards. Building volumes will interact with the climate and affect the microclimate parameters of the surrounding area, and thus the outdoor comfort.
ARCHITECTURE AS AN OUTDOOR AND INDOOR CLIMATE GIVER
Facades are most of the time studied for the indoor control of thermal and light comfort. Design to optimize the thermal comfort of both outdoor spaces and the indoors is a crucial role of the facade.
