The Aphelinina^ treated monographically in this first issue, are insects of great economic importance, as they comprise the most numerous parasites of our destructive scales. They are apparently much laid, and spring from their hosts indifferently throughout the warmer months of the year and over winter in insects. They attack both sexes of the host as they grow through round holes cut in the body walls, and in the case of Diaspina; through the shell.
With scales of the genus Pulvinaria, the larva of apheline? . they live in the female's body and not in the waxy egg mass she secretes. Confirmatory evidence of the incompleteness of the Aplielinusha species was obtained by careful examination of large numbers of Mytilaspis pomorum scales in early spring parasitized by Aphelimis mytUaspidis. In no case were all the eggs of scale insects eaten, even with those scales from which the parasite emerged the previous fall.
The mouth of the jar is then covered with thin muslin held .. in place with a rubber band, or the glass cover may be placed over the mouth. Careful examination of the sides of the jar with a three-quarter inch lens will usually enable x>arasites to be found after they have emerged. A critical question then becomes how to get them out of the jar and into a very small vial.
I have had no opportunity to investigate identified European forms of the subfamily. seven species were cataloged by Kirchner as follows.
HOST RELATIONS OF THE SPECIES HERE TREATED
ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA
Ashmead, in his monograph of Proctotrypidoe, places Amitus in the proctotrypid subfamily Platygasterina', and by making the necessary studies on this genus, he recognized the apheliuine affinities of Eretmocerus, theautenuie figuredl^jvHalde-. The apical cilia of the forewings are short; the lower edge of the niesoscutar xKirapsides is strongly curved, the male genitalia in most specimens are strongly extended, and the penis is not noticeably notched. The male antennae are 3-jointed and lack all traces of the two rings seen in the female.
The club is very long, twice as long as that of the female, subcylindrical, rounded at the tip and furnished with long sensory spots. Foerster, chiefly on this account, placed it in the Tetrastichiufie.but showed that it differed from most of these forms in the absence of scutellum furrows, and suggested its. The clear border of the mesoscutellum is .. rounded and the anterior border is bordered by three straight lines.
Proximal cilia, bordering a hairless strip of forewings, consisting of a single row over more of the wing width. Ashmead's specimens, which he described under the name Blastothrix roscv, are from Siphonophora roscv in April 1881 in Jacksonville, Florida. Male. Belongs to the same group as A. mali, resembling the proportions of the antennal joints and in the hairy eyes. Wings hyaline, veins light, the cilia at the proximal edge of hairless stripes larger than those at the apical edge (more than twice as long and much thicker); they are arranged irregularly, forming approximately two rows on the lower half of the wing.
No other specimens of this particular form have been found. tall. In . Theabrui^tujiward bending of the submarginal in the atriangular margin occurs clear space, the distal side of which is curved, the tip touching the beginning of the marginal vein. Headnotsobroadast of thorax; side of theocelliaboutas far from middle of ocellus as from margin of compound eyes.
Parapsides of mesoscutum widely separated, very narrow x)east, spreading rapidly towards teal; mesoscutellum-like AplieUtms., its scapula longitudinally longitudinal and extending anteriorly to lateral expansion of parapsides; metanotum very narrow. Joints 1, 2 and 3 of the finicle increase very little or not at all in thickness and decrease slightly in length. Of the remaining species, Fitch's lecanii will hold, and Ashmeads^o-voA'CM^e^ktmand the author's vividus are synonymous, and Ashmead's species takes priority.
All tibioB straw-yellow, except the hind pair, which have a brown ring near the base; all tarsi straw yellow, with fifth joint dark brown. Male.- Somewhat smaller than female; antenna longer, club considerably longer, each node as long as each node of the immediately preceding funicle.
35 Coccophagus cognatus Howard
Parasitic on Lecanium sp.on Pinus austraUs (A. Koebele, Department of Agriculture). leneral color, shiny black; antenna light brown, with the adaptive dark brown longitudinal carina;; larger part of mesoscutellum and visible i)ortion of metascutellum bright orange-yellow, the connecting line of the two colors on the mesoscutellum straight andsharj); tegulic yellow-brown; all coxiX' and femora brown, yellow at joints; all tibia?and tarsi yellow, sometimes a dusky spot near base of hind tibia^; fifth tarsal joint brown. Described from one female reared on December 5, 1892, of Aspidiotm aurantii, received from D. Puiictation ofhead andmesothorax scaly, more nmrkedon mesoscntum. General color black, mesoscutellum and postscutellum without a trace of yellow; mesoscutum with broad transverse band of orange extending from tegula to tegula, the anterior margin almost straight, while the posterior margin follows the central backward curve of the scutum.
The mesoscutar band is of al)ale orange; the antennae are lighter in color; the landscape yellowish; fore and middle legs, with the exception of the basal half of coxa', entirely light lemon yellow. All posterior coxic aud femora are concolored with other legs, but the basal half of the posterior tibia is. Described from five females and one male raised by A. Koebele in October from a Kermeson Qucrcus agrifolia in Los Angeles, Cal.
Having a yellow species of Goceophagus, we should expect free eyes; but here the hairiness of the eyes seems to be a general character. Transverse head; corners of eye an obliquely angled triangle.. mesoscutar parapsids club-shaped, widening abruptly distally: axilla extending anteriorly to swelling of parapsids; metascutellum and short; quite strong legs; entire tarsi short; first joint of hind tarsi only as long as second; first joint of middle and anterior tarsilla longer than second.. submarginal vein reaching about middle of wing; marginal very .. shorter than submarginal; stigma very short, its anterior border almost parallel to the costa, its posterior border extending to the disc of the angle of the wing of 45° with the costa; outer margin of forewing very short. cilia; posterior margin of hindwings with somewhat longer setae. General color light yellow; mesoscutum with brown patch covering entire disc; meso-scutellum with two large brown spots, one on each side of midline; . armpit? each with a brown spot; metanotum brown; base of abdomen- .. males brown; tip of abdomen also brown; antennae brown, except for channel nodes 2 and 3, which are white; all coxre .. and femora light honey yellow, except hind femora dark .. at base; front tibiiii with adusky ring near middle; first and second tarsal joints outside legs dark; middle and hind tibiae each with two dark bands; first tarsal joint of middle and hind legs dark; wings hyaline with a fuscous basal spot and a triangular median fuscous spot with its apex on the stigma vein and its base somewhat reaching . less than half of posterior outer border; the entire disk is dense, fine, . and uniformly; apical spur of tibia; rather short.
Hindwings with two rows of discal cilia and an interrupted third row on the outer third. Since the original description was published, I have received a series of thirteen specimens of this insect from Mr. Johnson, of the State Laboratory of Natural Sciences, Champaign. General colour, light brownish yellow; occipital stripe, margin of pronotum and median stripe on mesoscutuiu, scapults, outer margin of metanotum, abdomen, especially lateral margin, darker; anteunteandnoge light floury; eyes black, eyes red; wings hyaline, veins slightly dark.. wings with disc densely, finely and evenly ciliate, costal margin with very short marginal cilia beginning at stigma, gradually lengthening at tip of wing and on lower outer margin becoming half width of wing; widest part of wing outside stigma; hindwings as in preceding species.
Forewings with proximal three-quarters deeply and uniformly drenched, except for two light longitudinal stripes near the base; . apicalone-fourth hyaline; discal ciliavery small, but placed close; . however, sparse towards the distal anal portion and towards the wing base. Female.-Anteunte 7-jointed; inserted at margin of clypeus; scape slim; j) edicle tube as the first funicular joint; second third funicular joints are not equal and each longer than joint 1; club long, oval, acute, 2-jointed; center separation joint. Marginal cilia rather short; discalcilia of the hindwing very delicate and rather large.
