The antennae are usually longer than the body, and in most species are dark in color and complex. The shape of the cauda varies from those that are strongly tapered to those that are conical. One species has two dorsal ones on the head and two on the back of the prothorax.
From the available data, we find various species of the genus in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, India and Japan. Very little can be said about the origin and phylogeny of the group, as the species are currently poorly known. However, I have decided to keep it as a valid genus and separate it by form.
Frederick Laing writes that segment III of these specimens has 30-34 sensoria, which reach almost the length of the segment. The main hairs on the third segment reach four-fifths to three-fifths the diameter of the proximal part of the segment.
12 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 67
In Theobald's first paper he described the alate form of this species and also described an apterous form. In his second paper he gave a different description of appetitive form, stating that his first description referred to a different species. Potgieter has shown the writer specimens from South Africa which he considers to be this species.
The apterous form seems to agree more with the second description of Theobald than with the first. The range of sensors on segment III of the corduellina appears to be somewhat greater while in alate.
ART. 20 THE APHID GENUS AMPHOROPHORA MASON 15 Theobald says in his 1915 paper that the cotypes are deposited in
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 67
Aphis ribis Linnaeus, based on Linnaeus' description in Fauna Sueca, is incorrectly referred to Reaumur (vol. 10), as the plant shown there is a mountain maple and not a Rihis. Reaumur described two forms, a green and a bronze, which are evidently Macrosiphum, which Reaumur says resembles a rose. Since Linnaeus' species differs from Kaltenbach's, and since Linnaeus based his species entirely on Reaumur, Kaltenbach made a mistake in the citation.
Most older writers quote Reaumur and Linnaeus and do not provide their own descriptions. He described two or more species with both swollen and slender cornicles as varieties, named the species Aphis lactucae Linnaeus, and named both Linnaeus and Kaltenbach. Koch seems to confuse two species on Ribis under the name Rhopalosiphum ribis Linnaeus, describing and representing one with swollen eyelids and also speaking of the pseudogalls of Myzusribis Linnaeus.
This species appears to have very close relatives, both on currants and on its summer hosts.
THE APHID
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34;Aferous females, larvae and pupae very pale yellow-green, light blue-green orally mostly white with a slight yellowish or greenish tinge; the head is generally palest, often white; all are covered with a delicate pruinose secretion; antennae and legs white or faintly brownish, tip of tibiae and tarsi darkest, tip of tarsi and claws blackish; apex of antennal joint 3 to 5, basal section and apical one-third or more of the spur of the sixth black. The thorax and wing pads of the pupa are almost white with the outer edge of the wing pads blackish." Faldmigrender (På Ribes).— Antennae longer than the body; dark colored, III, IV and V with sensoria, tubercular, distal segments imitative, hairs shorter than the width of the segment , You gibbering on the inside.
Apex of antennal joints 3-6 and terminal half of spur blackish; top of tibiae and tarsi dark, eyes brown. In Ribes it occurs on the leaves, usually on the underside, which often causes them to curl and cluster. The eggs are laid on the berry twigs and are shiny black in color.
Alate male.— Antennae longer than body, dark colored, segment III darker than the other segments, hairs almost or quite as long as the width of the segment, segments III and V with large subcircular sensoria, the number is shown in the table, segment IV without sensoria. Antennae slightly longer than body, rather heavy, dark-coloured, conspicuously imbricated, hairs very prominent, but shorter than width of segments, III tubercular, other seg-.
ART. THE APHID
Described from a single viviparous female received by Pergande from Paul Hayhurst (Hayhurst No. 121), collected at Columbia, Missouri, on Ribis gracile, with the following note: "On leaves of Ribis gracile, very rare; general color green." These have been received. I can't tell from William's 1910 description of the "ampullata Buckt"? which he had, and his specimens seem to be lost, but it was very probably not a?npullata Buckton, as it is not known from this continent. Patch, from Orono, Me., as this is the only collection I have that has both the winged and apterous forms in the same collection.
35 Van der Goot describes the oviparous female and the male
The tail is curled but light in color and appears long and broad with three pairs of side hairs. Aphid 39 Apterous viviparous Female.—Size small, body oval, antennae one Apterous viviparous Female.—Size small, body oval, antennae one and one-quarter to one-and-a-half times longer than body, slender, weakly margined, with hairs small, III with one to six, usually one, small round sensors near the base. This species was first discovered by Childs and Crawford on Cupressus in the Stanford University Nursery on February 21, 1912, and the above color notes were written by Morrison on that date.
It was again taken by Morrison on May 21, 1915, in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, alate and apterous adults and apterous n3anphs, and by Harold Compere in the same place during the same month. In August 1916, Swain found the atherous form on terminal leaves in Exposition Park, San Diego. There is a metatype slide in the national collection, containing two alate viviparous adults, two alate nymphs, an atherous viviparous female and an intermediate.
Alateviviparous female.— Antennae longer than body, dark colored, segments III, IV and V very tuberculate for their entire lengths;. Pergandes of the metatypes: "Pupae green; wing pads yellow; antennae yellow or greenish with tip of joints 3-5 and the 6th black."
THE APHID 43
The amount of expansion of the cornicle varies somewhat, some specimens being only very slightly inflated, but the species must undoubtedly be placed in AmphoropJiora.
45 Davidson in his description of arbuti says, "Joint III has about 20
THE APHID GENUS AMPHOROPHORA 47
Cauda concolorous with body, long, broad, strongly contracted at base; two sets of lateral hairs. Pergande simultaneously adopted forms of this species on the underside of currant leaves at Washington, D. Cornicles of moderate length, strongly swollen, dark colored, paler at the base, tips very slightly confused.
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ART. 20 THE APHID GENUS AMPHOROPHORA
Apterous viviparous female. — Antennae about a third longer than
Pergande says in his notes: "Found on Rubus stems, which sometimes covered them for a distance of several inches. In 1913, Davis redescribed it from specimens in the Illinois collection, which he considered to be the type specimens and gave clear drawings to the camera. .
ART. 20 THE APHID GENUS AMPHOROPHORA MASON 65 AMPHOROPHORA SPIRAECOLA (Patch)
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THE APHID MASON 67 AMPHOROPHORA TAKAHASHII, new species
Cauda pale, long and slender, only slightly narrowed, with three sets of lateral hairs.
GENUS
The hairs on the third segment reach almost two-thirds the diameter of the proximal part of the segment. The canines reach one-fourth the length of the body and widen towards the base; from this point they become narrow to one-fourth of the base, and to one-third of the end they widen; from this point to the flange they become narrow again. The head, prothorax and tubercles of the thorax are dark brown; the antennae, except the base of the third segment, and the cornicles are yellow-brown.
Sensoria on the third segment thickly placed throughout its length; in the fourth segment there are 3 (8) sensors; in.
SPECIES NOT PLACED
THE APHID AMPHOROPHORA
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
INDEX
