Study Randomization Process
Effect of Assignment to Intervention
Effect of Adhering to
Intervention Missing
Outcome Data Measuremen
t of Outcome Selection of
Reported Result Overall Risk of Bias Acosta Pereira
et al. Some Concerns Some
Concerns Some
Concerns Some
Concerns Low Risk Some Concerns High Risk High Risk
Brennan et al. Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Some
Concerns
Brinks et al. Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Carlisi et al. Low Risk Some
Concerns Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Some
Concerns
Cohen et al. Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Fitzpatrick et al.
2018 Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Fitzpatrick et al.
2019 Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Ganderton et
al. Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Mellor et al. Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Mitchell et al. Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Rompe et al. Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Thompson et
al. Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Begkas et al Some Concerns Some
Concerns Some
Concerns Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk High Risk
Online Supplemental Figure 1. Risk of Bias summary of included trials
