This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
460
PERSPEKTIF
Available online http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/perspektif
The Role of Smart city to Improve The Success of Surabaya City branding Based on Government’s Perspective
Shinta Permana Putri
Regional Planning Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia Received: 13 January 2023; Reviewed: 21 January 2023; Accepted: 22 March 2023
Abstract
Promoting the city by adopting branding techniques is one way to create a competitive city. In some literature it is stated that smart city initiatives can be an effective strategy in determining the success of city branding. This study aims to identify the role of smart city strategy in supporting the success of Surabaya city branding, which is known for its transformation into a smart city in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative research using content analysis method.
Data collection was carried out through interviews with the relevant government. Based on this research it was found that according to the government's perspective, the implementation of smart city has a role in supporting the successful implementation of city branding in Surabaya. Substantially, smart city innovation is input for the message that Surabaya wants to convey through city brand ing efforts. From the implementation side, smart city innovation plays a role in achieving the goals, objectives and functions of Surabaya city branding which are carried out with interrelated stakeholders. In this case, the success of Surabaya's city branding cannot be separated from the success of smart city implementation, which has been running relatively long in this city. This research provides a new perspective on the government's role in developing smart cities as an effective city branding strategy and how smart cities can act as city branding.
Keywords: Smart city; City branding; Government; Identity; Communication
How to Cite: Putri, S.P., (2023). Peran Smart City dalam Mendukung Keberhasilan City Branding di Kota Surabaya Menurut Perspektif Pemerintah, PERSPEKTIF, 12(2): 460-470
*Corresponding author:
E-mail: shintap@ecampus.ut.ac.id
ISSN 2085-0328 (Print) ISSN 2684-9305 (Online)
PERSPEKTIF, 12 (2) (2023): 460-470
461 INTRODUCTION
City branding has become an important strategy for cities to face the era of global competition (Anholt, 2009; Moilanen &
Rainisto, 2009; Yananda and Salamah, 2014).
(Anholt, 2010; Moilanen and Rainisto, 2009;
Yananda and Salamah, 2014). The success of this technique is highly dependent on accuracy in identifying and communicating local strengths/characteristics/specificities that can influence people's perceptions (Anthopoulos, 2017) (Anthopoulos, 2017). This relates to the conception of the three main components in city branding efforts, namely identity, image, and image communication of a city (Moilanen &
Rainisto, 2009)(Moilanen & Rainisto, 2009).
City branding efforts can be said to be successful if the identity of the city conveyed by the government to the target group through communication actions has produced an image of the city that is captured/perceived the same by the target group. This will further affect the ability of a city to form a strong city identification in the minds of target groups, affect their satisfaction, and attract their interest to stay/visit (Dinnie, 2011; Kavaratzis, 2004; Rainisto, 2003; Zenker, 2010) (Dinnie, 2010; Michalis Kavaratzis, 2004; Rainisto, 2003; Zenker, 2010).
The concept of developing a smart city as a media/branding strategy has recently become an interesting matter. Smart city as a form of physical, spatial and non-spatial city development which is reflected in advertising activities, the use of slogans and taglines and spread through personal conversations from person to person has proven to be able to play a role as an effective media branding in a city (Alves, 2017; Augustyn, 2013; Kolotouchkina &
Seisdedos, 2018; Macke et al., 2018) (Alves et al., 2018; Anthopoulos, 2017; Augustyn, 2017;
Kolotouchkina & Seisdedos, 2017; Macke et al., 2018). Smart city is now increasingly becoming the main selling point in increasing the competitiveness of a city.
There are several cities abroad that have successfully implemented smart cities as a label for their city development, as happened in Songdo IBD, Masdar, Skolkovo (Kolotouchkina
& Seisdedos, 2018) (Kolotouchkina &
Seisdedos, 2017). Songdo IBD is a new smart city-based city with the main concept of living through the use of technology and developing an international community with diverse
education. This is realized through smart public transportation systems, smart city sensor networks, and smart buildings with all their automated systems. Meanwhile, Masdar City has a main concept related to the application of clean energy. In addition, the City of Skolkovo is a city based on a smart city that has special features regarding renewable energy, waste recycling, solar panels, smart electricity network systems and pedestrian and bicycle friendly places. In the literature, (Chourabi et al., 2012) Chourabi et al (2012) states that there are eight keys to the success of smart cities, namely management and organizational factors, technological factors, government factors, policy context factors, citizen and community factors, economic factors, infrastructure factors, factors and environmental factors.
There are five factors that ensure the success of city branding efforts, namely strong and visionary leadership, brand-oriented organizational culture, departmental coordination, consistent communication between various stakeholders, strong and compatible partnerships (Hankinson, 2007) (Hankinson, 2007). This city branding effort will be successful if it is carried out systematically starting from the formation of a planning group that is responsible for planning and implementing marketing practices. This group then analyzes and aligns the city's vision and strategy, manages and sustains the city's branding efforts through good partnerships and leadership (Rainisto, 2003) (Rainisto, 2003).
In the context of Indonesia, the application of city branding and smart cities is not new. In terms of city branding, this effort has been implemented in several big cities such as Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Medan, Malang and Makassar. However, most branding efforts are still limited to slogans, logos, or location marketing and not city branding (Yananda and Salamah, 2014). From a smart city perspective, this effort is increasingly marked by the Movement Towards 100 Smart Cities by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics in 2017. Starting from this movement, many cases of cities in Indonesia are currently starting to build an image/predicate as a smart city even though the implementation The smart city program has only been running for a few years.
Thus, it is not surprising that smart cities
cannot always be an effective branding strategy in the case of Indonesia.
The city of Surabaya in this case has a different condition. The city of Surabaya is a different reflection of the implementation of smart cities in other cities in Indonesia. In this case, the City of Surabaya puts forward efforts to transform it into a smart city-based city without deliberately branding itself with this concept. Even so, currently the city of Surabaya is widely known for the successful implementation of its smart city in Indonesia.
Even some of his innovations are known at the international level. Therefore, it is not surprising that many people associate this city with the success of its smart city innovation.
Thus the city of Surabaya in this case is interesting to study in order to identify the strategic role of smart city development in supporting the success of city branding in this city.
RESEARCH METHOD
Based on its character, this research is a qualitative research (Abdussamad, 2021). The data used is primary data. Primary data was collected through interviews using a non- probability sampling technique (Sugiyono, 2017). Based on conformity with the implementation principle, the determination of informants was carried out using purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods (Neuman, 2014). The criteria used in determining the informants in this study are:
• As the implementation coordinator related to city branding efforts in the City of Surabaya: Public Relations and the Department of Culture and Tourism. who is the informant??
• As the coordinator of smart city implementation in the city of Surabaya: the Communication and Informatics Office and the City Development Planning Agency.
who is the informant?
• As the main implementer of smart city implementation in the city of Surabaya which has various innovations related to smart city: Communication and Information Service, Health Office, Education Office, BPB Linmas, Social Service, Fire Service, Population and Civil Registration Service, Transportation Service, Service Trade, Cooperatives and Micro Business Service, Investment Service
and One Stop Services, Sanitation and Green Open Space Service, and Environment Service. who is the informant??
The data analysis method used in this study is the Content Analysis method according to (Dey, 2005) Dey (2005). The Content Analysis method is used to generate valid conclusions from the results of interviews and documents obtained regarding the role of implementing smart city development strategies in supporting the success of city branding efforts in the City of Surabaya.
According to (Dey, 2005), this analysis was carried out through eight stages namely:
a. finding a focus: one way to find a focus for analysis is to reflect on the data to be analyzed.
b. managing data: data is completely and accurately recorded, archived, reduced by concentrating on important things to be analyzed.
c. reading and annotating: reading and annotating in processes that help in understanding the data.
d. creating categories: the process of categorizing relates to naming observations (data labeling) which can be based on data conclusions, research questions, substance, policy, theoretical, and intuition and knowledge
e. assigning categories: categorizing the data after assigning the initial set of categories.
f. splitting and splicing: splicing refers to the combination of categories to provide a more integrated conceptualization whereas splitting refers to the task of perfecting categories by creating subcategories of data.
g. linking data and increasingly connection:
provide labels and see the pattern of labels in each category. And
h. producing an account: choosing a main theme and making the concept and connections explicit.
The stages of analysis in this study are illustrated through the schematic shown in Figure 1. In the first stage, the theory of city identity is used to assess whether branding in the city of Surabaya has been built based on the existing city identity and how the implementation of smart cities there plays a role in shaping the identity of the city. In the second and third stages, the theory of smart city and city branding is used to see whether there is really a link between smart city and city
PERSPEKTIF, 12 (2) (2023): 460-470
463 branding and what factors support the success of smart city as Surabaya city branding.
Figure 1. Stages of Research Analysis RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Role of Smart City in Forming Surabaya City Identity Components
According to the perspective of the Surabaya City government, the implementation of a smart city also plays a role in determining the success of city branding efforts carried out indirectly in this city. The role of a smart city in determining the success of city branding can be seen especially in the unity of the process. The existence of smart city service innovation as input for the message that the City of Surabaya wants to convey can further be seen as a constituent component of the city's identity that the Government of Surabaya wants to convey. These identity components are reflected in actual identity, communicated identity, ideal identity, and desired identity.
Actual Identity. The real identity that currently exists in the city of Surabaya can be said to lead to the implementation of a smart city. This is reflected in the various smart city innovations that have been implemented in Surabaya both in the smart environment such as the Green and Clean competition, the Surabaya Smart city competition, eco-Islamic boarding school and eco-campus, as well as energy audits; smart economy such as coaching SMEs in stages, online licensing, and coaching
grocery stores; smart living such as the issuance of SKM (Online Poor Certificate) for access to education and health, as well as the 112 command center; smart mobility such as the Suroboyo Bus and SITS; and many more.
Communicated Identity. Smart city service innovation is one of the components carried out by the Surabaya City government in an effort to communicate the identity of the existing city. In this case the communication efforts have been carried out in primary and tertiary channels. On the primary channel, this effort is carried out by various OPD (Regional Apparatus Organizations) implementing smart city according to their respective duties and functions. This is done because in practice these smart city programs have indeed been listed in the RPJMD so that it is the responsibility of the relevant OPD to implement them in the field.
On the secondary channel, this effort is carried out by introducing smart city programs and activities both through conventional media (advertising) and social media (Web, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) by the Surabaya City Government Public Relations. In practice, this effort is not only carried out by the Surabaya City Government Public Relations but also the public relations of each OPD related to the
implementation of smart city programs and activities.
Desired Identity. In this case, it can be said that the vision, mission, and direction of the city's leadership currently leads to a sentosa city, with character, globally competitive and ecologically based with a smart city as a means that makes it easier to achieve it. This can be seen from the following things:
• the implementation of smart living innovations that can facilitate the achievement of a peaceful City of Surabaya such as realizing quality community resources and maintaining security and public order.
• the implementation of smart people innovations can facilitate the achievement of a Surabaya City with character such as strengthening local cultural values in the foundations of people's lives
• the implementation of smart governance and smart economy which facilitates the achievement of a globally competitive City of Surabaya such as empowering the community and creating the widest possible business opportunities, strengthening good governance, and strengthening the competitiveness of local economic businesses and product innovation.
• the implementation of a smart environment that facilitates the achievement of an ecology-based City of Surabaya.
Ideal Identity. In this case, the ideal identity communicated by the government is
not clear. There are still a number of positionings used by the city that seem to obscure the identity that exists in the minds of residents. One of the positioning used is the City of Trade and Services. Apart from that, Sparkling Surabaya's positioning is also said to be currently still being actively used in existing promotional media, especially in tourism.
Recently, the positioning of Bangga Surabaya was also present. This positioning appears mainly in the communication efforts made by Public Relations. However, it was stated that the positioning arose due to the unclear positioning of Sparkling Surabaya, whether it was still actively used or not. In this case, it shows that there is still unclear city positioning used in the internal level of the Surabaya City government.
The positioning of Surabaya as a Livable City is also expressed as a hope for the City of Surabaya with the implementation of a smart city. With this positioning, the City of Surabaya hopes that residents will recognize it as a city that provides comfort, peace, independence and disaster resilience.
Based on this research, Surabaya city branding has been communicated in accordance with the city's identity, namely related to the implementation of smart cities. So it is not surprising that the implementation of smart city can be an effective branding in this city. These findings support previous research (Alves, 2017; Anthopoulos, 2017; Augustyn, 2013; Kolotouchkina & Seisdedos, 2018; Macke et al., 2018; Moilanen & Rainisto, 2009). The interpretation and synthesis obtained can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1 Coding Interpretation of Smart City's Role Category in Forming Surabaya City Identity Components
Closed Coding Interpretation Synthesis
Actual Identity All facilities and services that actually exist in the city of Surabaya have led to the
implementation of a smart city.
Smart city is reflected in the identity component of the City of Surabaya as seen from:
1. Actual Identity: identity that actually exists today leads to the implementation of smart cities
2. Communicated Identity: One of the government's efforts to communicate the identity of existing cities is by promoting/introducing smart city innovations.
Communicated Identity
Primary communication is carried out through the implementation of smart city programs and activities contained in the RPJMD by related OPDs
Secondary communication is carried out by introducing smart city programs and activities both through conventional media (advertising) and social media (Web, FB, Twitter and Instagram) by the Public Relations of the Surabaya City Government and the Public Relations of each OPD
PERSPEKTIF, 12 (2) (2023): 460-470
465
Closed Coding Interpretation Synthesis
Ideal Identity Positioning Surabaya City is a city of commerce and services
3. Ideal Identity: there are still several positioning chosen by the city in promoting the existing identity
4. Desired Identity: vision, mission and direction of city leadership towards a sentosa city, with character, globally competitive and ecologically based with a smart city as a means of achieving it.
Sparkling Surabaya is also still active as a positioning used by the City of Surabaya A livable city that provides comfort, peace, independence, and disaster resilience" is the positioning expected by the City of Surabaya Proud of Surabaya has also become the positioning of the City of Surabaya which is used in promoting the city today
Desired Identity The city of Surabaya as a sentosa city, has character, is globally competitive and is ecologically based
Smart city as a means that facilitates the achievement of the vision and mission of the City of Surabaya
Source: Data Processing, 2023
The role of Smart city in the Implementation of City branding in Surabaya City
According to the perspective of the Surabaya City government, the implementation of a smart city also has a role in achieving the goals and objectives and functions of the city's city branding efforts. In this case the goals of smart city and city branding are moving in the same direction where smart city service innovation becomes a means/tool to create a livable city in the form of ease of service for its target/target group which can include government, business people, tourists and residents. foreigners in order to increase their participation in driving the wheels of the city's economy. In this case, the existence of smart city service innovation also has the same function, namely realizing the vision and mission of the existing Mayor with smart city service innovation as a tool that facilitates the achievement of these visions and missions. All of this is run by interrelated and integrated stakeholders.
The existence of stakeholder involvement in the implementation of smart city and also city branding has become a distinct nuance for the City of Surabaya. This finding is different from branding practices at Songdo IBD, Masdar.
and Skolkovo (Kolotouchkina & Seisdedos, 2018) (Kolotouchkina & Seisdedos, 2017). This is because in the management of smart cities in the city of Surabaya, there is no special institution yet. The implementation of smart cities so far has only been trying to run by prioritizing its practice in the field in
accordance with the problems in the field. This is also due to the absence of a clear concept from the central government, especially related to this smart city institution. Likewise in the management of city branding in the city of Surabaya.
So far, the implementation of city branding has only been carried out by the main duties and functions attached to it without explicitly mentioning it as a city branding effort carried out in Surabaya. Even though these two efforts have not been embodied in a specific directed institution, it can be said that stakeholders who are currently directly involved in the implementation of smart cities and city branding are interrelated and integrated. This is also a different finding from (Rainisto, 2003) (Rainisto, 2003), without a specially formed marketing organization, city branding efforts in Surabaya can still run well in this city. Stakeholders involved in these two efforts include among others:
• OPD has the role of implementing the smart city service innovation program both IT-based and non-IT and taking part in introducing/promoting the program.
• Diskominfo acts as the coordinator of the city scale IT-based smart city service innovation program.
• Public Relations as the implementing coordinator for the promotion of city-scale smart city service innovation activities.
• Bappeko as implementing coordinator for all city scale activities.
Table 2 Coding Interpretation of Smart city Role Category Implementation in the Implementation of City branding in Surabaya City
Closed Coding Interpretation Synthesis
Linkage of Goals and Targets
The purpose of branding the City of Surabaya is to maintain a good image of the city so that the wheels of the city's economy continue to spin by increasing the participation of residents of the City of Surabaya as ring 1, businessmen and tourists from outside the City of Surabaya as ring 2, and Foreign Nationals (foreigners) as ring 3.
The goal of smart city and city branding in this case is moving in the same direction where smart city service innovation becomes a means/tool to create a livable city in the form of ease of service for the community and other city stakeholders (residents, businessmen, tourists, foreigners). which eventually grows their participation in moving the wheel of city life.
The goal of Smart city Surabaya is to facilitate services for residents and other city stakeholders such as government and business people.
Function Linkage The function of branding the City of Surabaya is to support the realization of the mayor's vision and mission
In this case, the functions of smart city and city branding are in line where smart city service innovation makes branding efforts easier Surabaya City with reference to the Mayor's vision and mission
1. Stakeholders involved in the implementation of smart city and city branding are interrelated and integrated where the executors of smart city efforts also act as executors of branding efforts in the primary channel where the results of these channels will be forwarded to the primary channels carried out by City Government Public Relations Surabaya by coordinating with OPD implementing smart city and Diskominfo as implementing coordinator of IT-based smart city and the final results of implementing the branding efforts will be monitored by Bappeko as coordinator of all city-scale activities
2. Even though they are interrelated in their implementation, there are still some deficiencies related to stakeholders a. there are no clear guidelines from the center regarding how branding and smart city should be managed b. implementation of city branding
which is still partial between city branding and destination branding c. implementation of city branding that has not been contained in a more comprehensive urban planning
d. d. it is not yet clear which party has the main duties and functions in managing city branding in its implementation
Stakeholder
Engagement
There is no specific institution related to the management of Surabaya city branding There are no clear guidelines regarding institutions and procedures for building regional branding at the central level, but only guidelines for tourism branding
The implementation of city branding is still partial and there is no integration between city branding and destination branding used The implementation of city branding has not synergized with the city planning process in a more comprehensive manner
Surabaya City Government Public Relations, based on their duties and functions, acts as a coordinator in city-scale promotional activities There is still a lack of clarity regarding the implementation of the party who has the main duties and functions of managing city branding In carrying out its duties, Public Relations of the Surabaya City Government coordinates with Diskominfo in order to promote city-scale activities
Each OPD also carries out activities in order to promote/introduce the activities that are their main duties and functions
There is integration of each OPD with Public Relations of the Surabaya City Government and Diskominfo in order to promote/introduce city- scale activities
OPD has the role of executor of Surabaya City's Smart city programs
OPD has the role of executor of IT-based Smart city programs in the City of Surabaya
Diskominfo acts as the main coordinator related to IT-based Smart city Surabaya programs in each OPD
Source: Data Processing, 2023
Thus it can be said that in the case of the City of Surabaya, the executor of the smart city effort also acts as the executor of branding efforts in the primary channel where the results of this channel will be forwarded to the primary channel which is carried out by the Surabaya City Government Public Relations in coordination with the OPD implementing the smart city and Diskominfo as the implementing coordinator of an IT-based smart city and the final results of implementing the branding efforts will be monitored by Bappeko as the coordinator of all city-scale activities. Even so, related to stakeholders in this case there are still some deficiencies in its implementation.
First, there is no clear guideline from the center regarding how branding and smart city should be managed at the central level which results in a second shortcoming, namely the implementation of city branding in the city of Surabaya has not been structured and integrated properly. In this case, the implementation of branding efforts in the city of Surabaya is still partial between city branding and destination branding. This has further resulted in unclear parties having the main duties and functions in managing city branding in Surabaya at the government level itself. In addition, the implementation of branding in the city of Surabaya has not been included in a more comprehensive urban planning. This is reflected in Bappeko's statement as a planning agency which admits that there has been no discussion regarding branding in the broader urban planning context. The interpretation and synthesis obtained can be seen in Table 2.
The Role of Smart City in Forming Surabaya City Identity Components
In the process of implementing smart city and city branding in the City of Surabaya, the successful implementation of smart city innovations in the City of Surabaya, which took place earlier than branding efforts, turned out to have an impact on facilitating the branding process itself. In this case it can also be said that the success of branding in the city of Surabaya cannot be separated from the successful implementation of smart city innovations in this city. With the implementation of smart city innovation in the city of Surabaya that has been running beforehand, it has indirectly made branding efforts closer to the identity/reality
that exists in Surabaya so that the gap between identity and city image is getting smaller.
If reviewed further, the success of smart city implementation in the city of Surabaya was influenced by several factors. The first factor is management and organizational factors. This factor can be reflected in the large role of the current Mayor's leadership figure who has both technical expertise in the process of developing innovation and social ideas in mobilizing citizen participation. In addition, this factor is also reflected in the role of OPD with its strong commitment and good performance in realizing the mayor's vision and mission through the implementation of the smart city innovation program. The existence of good integration, coordination and cooperation between OPDs under the direction of the mayor in this case also reflects good management and organizational factors that support the success of smart cities in the City of Surabaya. In implementing this smart city innovation, integration, coordination and cooperation between OPDs have been formed and are running well without sectoral egos.
The second factor that influences the success of smart city implementation in the city of Surabaya is the technology factor. In this case, there has been good integration and coordination between OPDs in utilizing technology with Diskominfo as the main coordinator. Thus all development and utilization of technology-based smart city service innovations in the City of Surabaya are required to coordinate with Diskominfo in order to avoid overlapping existing services and integrate the utilization of data generated by applications.
The third factor is the government factor.
This factor influences the success of smart city implementation in the city of Surabaya with the first being the existence of normative directives in the policy context in order to maintain the sustainability of the smart city program, namely in the form of the RPJMD. Second, there is communication that goes well both formally and informally. OPD communication in the context of implementing the smart city program in the city of Surabaya is not always rigid. In this case the use of informal communication such as the use of WhatsApp is sufficient in coordinating. The third is the application of a reward and punishment system at the OPD level in order to maintain the
PERSPEKTIF, 12 (2) (2023): 460-470
467 sustainability of the implementation of the smart city innovation program. The existence of communication that runs well both formally and informally between OPDs and the application of a reward and punishment system in OPD's performance can be seen as a unique implementation of smart cities in the city of Surabaya which may not yet be applied to other regions.
The fourth factor that influences the success of smart city implementation in the city of Surabaya is the citizen and community factor.
This factor is reflected in the provision of Smart city services aimed at improving the quality of life of city residents and further encouraging their participation. In this case, Smart city service innovations in Surabaya have been created and developed based on the problems and needs faced by the city in order to improve the quality of life of the residents. These smart city service innovations include E-simple, e- health, population applications, transportation- related applications, online permits, e-local markets, e-data updates, and online education services. Even so, further the creation of Smart city service innovations in Surabaya, especially those based on technology, has not been able to fully encourage citizen participation in this matter. This condition is also influenced by trust, ability, and willingness in using technology and the effectiveness of socialization in the implementation of IT-based smart city Surabaya for residents of Surabaya City.
The fifth factor that also influences the success of smart city implementation in the city of Surabaya is the economic factor. This factor is the main capital which usually becomes a separate obstacle in the development of a smart city in a city. Even so, the City of Surabaya overcomes this by implementing smart city innovations with minimal costs such as SMEs assistance, grocery store development, and community-based village development. In
addition, there are smart city innovations that can be implemented on a non-budgetary basis (without a budget) such as safety guidance, city tours, market operations, community-based environmental management, climate-friendly programs, and disaster response training and outreach.
The last factor that also influences the success of smart city implementation in the city of Surabaya is the built infrastructure factor.
This factor is firstly reflected in the existence of interoperability in the utilization of technology data. Several examples of the use of technology data that have been integrated between OPDs in the city of Surabaya, such as population data, MBR data, student data, and SITS data. The second is reflected in the existence of system updates that are adjusted to the needs. The third is reflected in the involvement of local personnel in order to overcome the high cost of IT development. In this case, the existence of financing innovations and the involvement of local workers as one of the efforts in financing innovation in the implementation of smart cities in the city of Surabaya can also be seen as a uniqueness that gives its own nuances in the implementation of smart cities in the city of Surabaya.
These results are in line with previous studies by (Chourabi et al., 2012; Hankinson, 2007) Chourabi et al (2012) and Hankinson (2007). However, in the Surabaya case, the provision of a digital system is still not optimal in increasing community participation. This is influenced by factors: trust, ability, and willingness to use technology and the effectiveness of socialization in the implementation of IT-based Smart city Surabaya for the people of Surabaya. This is a reflection of the use of technology in developing countries like Indonesia where technology is still a new thing that needs to get used to. The interpretation and synthesis obtained can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3 Factors for the Success of Smart City Implementation that Support the Success of City Branding in the City of Surabaya
Closed Coding Interpretation Synthesis Management
and
Organization
There is a big role from the Mayor of Surabaya in the ideation process for the development of smart city innovations which is balanced with the role of OPD
The success of SC implementation in Surabaya is influenced by the following factors:
1. Management and Organizational Factors:
a. There is a leader who has both technical expertise in the ideation process of innovation and social development in mobilizing citizen participation b. The role of OPD with its strong
commitment and good performance in realizing the mayor's vision and mission c. There is good integration,
coordination and cooperation between OPDs under the direction of the mayor
2. Technological factors: there is good integration and coordination between OPDs in utilizing technology
3. Government Factors:
a. There is service integration in the implementation of smart cities
b. There are normative directives in the policy context in order to maintain program sustainability, namely in the form of the RPJMD
c. There is good communication both formally and informally d. There is the application of a
reward and punishment system at the OPD level
4.Citizen and Community Factors: the provision of Smart city services aimed at improving the quality of life of city residents which can further encourage their participation
5. Economy: there are financing innovations in the implementation of smart cities
6. Built Infrastructure Factors a. There is interoperability in the
use of technology data
b. There are updates to the system according to needs
c. The involvement of local personnel in overcoming the high cost of IT development While the obstacles that are still encountered in the field are the not optimal provision of digital systems in increasing community participation which is influenced by factors: trust, ability, and willingness to use technology and the effectiveness of socialization in the implementation of OPD's commitment to the vision and mission of
the city through the implementation of the smart city innovation program
In the implementation of Smart city innovations in the City of Surabaya there has been good
integration, coordination and cooperation between OPDs under the direction of the mayor
The city of Surabaya has a leader who is able to instill a sense of pride in the people of Surabaya which makes them cooperative with what the city do.
Technology There is cooperation and coordination between sectors in utilizing technology with Diskominfo as the main coordinator
Government Communication between OPDs in the context of implementing the smart city program has been carried out both formally and informally
There is a mayoral policy, namely the application of a reward and reward system at the OPD level in
maintaining the sustainability of the implementation of the smart city innovation program
There has been integration in smart city services that are being carried out such as handling Command Center 112, handling SMEs and community-based environmental management, poverty alleviation
There are normative directions in maintaining the sustainability of the smart city innovation program.
Citizens and Community
More Smart city service innovations in Surabaya are created and developed based on the problems and needs faced by the city in order to improve the quality of life of the population
Smart city service innovations have attempted to provide digital systems in order to increase community
participation (e-simple, e-health, population
applications, transportation-related applications, online permits, e-local markets, e-data updates, and online education services are some examples Smart city service innovation in Surabaya which was developed based on the problems and needs faced by the city in order) Provision of digital systems has not been fully capable of increasing community participation (trust, ability, and willingness in using technology and the effectiveness of socialization are still obstacles in the implementation of IT-based Smart city Surabaya for residents of Surabaya City)
Economy There are smart city innovations that can be implemented with minimal costs, such as SMEs assistance, grocery store development, and community- based village development.
There are smart city innovations that can be
implemented non-budgetary (without a budget) such as safety guidance, city tours, market operations,
community-based environmental management, climate- friendly programs, and disaster response training and outreach.
PERSPEKTIF, 12 (2) (2023): 460-470
469
Closed Coding Interpretation Synthesis
Built Infrastructure Surabaya's smart city innovation programs already have interoperability in data utilization
IT-based Smart city Surabaya for residents of Surabaya City System updates are carried out periodically in
order to maintain the sustainability of the implementation of the smart city innovation program
There is the involvement of local personnel in order to overcome the high costs of
making/developing applications
Source: Data Processing, 2023 CONCLUSION
Based on this research, it can be concluded that the implementation of smart city development strategy has a role in supporting the successful implementation of Surabaya city branding. This role can be seen in terms of substance and implementation. In substance, smart city service innovation acts as an input for the message that the City of Surabaya wants to convey through its branding efforts. Thus, smart city service innovation is in line with the components that form the identity of the city of Surabaya. From the implementation side, smart city service innovation plays a role in achieving the goals, objectives and functions of the city branding efforts carried out by the City of Surabaya. In this case, both are carried out by interrelated and integrated stakeholders. In this case, the success of city branding in Surabaya cannot be separated from the successful implementation of the smart city that has been implemented in this city beforehand. The successful implementation of a smart city is inseparable from management and organizational factors, technology factors, government factors, citizen and community factors, economic factors, and infrastructure factors.
Even so, the City of Surabaya still needs to identify/align positioning with communication efforts made regarding efforts to optimize city branding. The smart city development strategy can be considered as a potential positioning based on its role in supporting the success of city branding efforts in Surabaya. Apart from that, the City of Surabaya still needs to reaffirm its main tasks related to authority in implementing city branding. Other regencies/cities outside Surabaya can also involve "smart cities" in their regional city branding efforts by taking lessons from the City of Surabaya which pays attention to the following points in implementing both. As for
suggestions for further research that is similar to this topic, it can be further investigated related to the role of smart cities in the context of successful city branding quantitatively. In addition, research can also be developed from the perspective of city branding target groups other than the government and can compare results from different perspectives.
REFERENCES
Abdussamad, Z. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (P. Rapanna, Ed.; 1st ed.). Syakir Media Press.
Alves, H. (2017). Applying Quality of Life Research Best Practices Series editor (H. Alves, Ed.).
Springer.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/97 8-3-319-71014-3
Anholt, S. (2009). Places (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan
.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/97 8-0-230-25128-1
Anthopoulos, L. G. (2017). Public Administration and Information Technology 22 Understanding Smart Cities: A Tool for Smart Government or an Industrial Trick? Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57015- Augustyn, A. (2013). 0 Smart Cities-brand cities of the
future.https://www.researchgate.net/public ation/320555578
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T. A., & Scholl, H.
J. (2012). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2289–2297.
https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.615 Dey, I. (2005). Qualitative Data Analysis: A User-
Friendly Guide for Social Scientists (5th ed.).
Routledge.
Dinnie, K. (2011). City branding: Theory and cases.
Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 7(3), 218–222.
https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2011.18
Hankinson, G. (2007). The management of destination brands: Five guiding principles
based on recent developments in corporate branding theory. Journal of Brand Management, 14(3), 240–254.
https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.25500 65
Kavaratzis, M. (2004). From city marketing to city branding: Towards a theoretical framework for developing city brands (Vol. 1).
Kolotouchkina, O., & Seisdedos, G. (2018). Place branding strategies in the context of new smart cities: Songdo IBD, Masdar and Skolkovo. Place Branding and Public
Diplomacy, 14(2), 115–124.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-017-0078- 2
Macke, J., Casagrande, R. M., Sarate, J. A. R., & Silva, K.
A. (2018). Smart city and quality of life:
Citizens’ perception in a Brazilian case study.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 717–726.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.0 Moilanen, T., & Rainisto, S. (2009). 78 How to Brand
Nations, Cities and Destinations A Planning
Book for Place Branding (1st ed.). PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.
Neuman, W. L. (William L. (2014). Social research methods : qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Rainisto, S. K. T. korkeakoulu. Y. ja kansainvälisen liiketoiminnan laboratorio. (2003). Success factors of place marketing : a study of place marketing practices in Northern Europe and the United States. Helsinki University of Technology, Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Management, Institute of Strategy and International Business.
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung : Alfabeta, CV.
Yananda, M,R & Salamah, Ummi. (2014). Branding Tempat: Membangun Kota, Kabupaten, dan Provinsi Berbasis Identitas. Makna Informasi.
Zenker, S. (2010, August 19). 50 th European Regional Science Association Congress.
http://hdl.handle.net/10419/118787
