Smithsonian miscellaneous collections

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME. 115. (WHOLE VOLUME). BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN. MEXICO. (With. 71. Plates). BY. EDWARD ALPHONSO GOLDMAN. (Publication 4017). CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JULY 31, 1951.



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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. VOL. 115, FRONTISPIECE. Pico de Orizaba, I'uebla. 1912. Courtesy of. Hugo. Brelime..

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 115 (WHOLE VOLUME). BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN. MEXICO. (With. 71. Plates). BY. EDWARD ALPHONSO GOLDMAN. (Publication 4017). CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JULY 31, 1951.

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CONTENTS. P3g,. v. List of plates. Prefatory note. xi. Introduction. I. Localities visited. Goldman. Mexico and Guatemala, 1892-1906 by Nelson and Goldman in Mexico and Guatemala, 1892-. Itinerary of Nelson and. in. 1906. 3. 35. Mexico. 35. Aguascalientes. 35. Baja California. 35. Campeche. 98. Chiapas. 103. Chihuahua. 117. Coahuila. 129. Colima. 135. Distrito Federal. 137. Durango. 140. Guanajuato Guerrero Hidalgo. 148. 145 163. Jalisco. 169. Mexico Michoacan. 183. Morelos Nayarit. 198 200. Nuevo Leon Oaxaca. 206 208. Puebla Queretaro Quintana Roo. 238. 188. 230 240. San Luis Potosi. 243 248. Sinaloa. Sonora Tabasco Tamaulipas. 252 255 259. Tlaxcala Veracruz Yucatan. 267 268 283. 286. Zacatecas. Guatemala Physiography. 291. 298. General features. 298. The. 299. tableland or great interior plateau. Mountain ranges. 301. Plains. Drainage. 30s 305. Climate. 307 iii.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. iv. VOL. II5 Page. Geographic distribution of species. 309 3^1. Life zones. 3ii. Biotic relations. Lower Upper Lower Upper. Tropical Zone Tropical Zone. Austral Zone Austral Zone. 380. Transition Zone. 391. Canadian Zone Hudsonian Zone Arctic-Alpine Zone. 397 401. Biotic provinces. Literature cited. Index. 316. 346 362. 403. 403 445 447.

.. LIST OF PLATES Pico de Orizaba, Puebla.. Frontispiece.. 1912.. Plate 1.. I,. 2, 2.. 3.. 4.. I,. 6.. Cactus forest, Mexquititlan, Guerrero. tropical forest exterior, Santa Lucrecia, Veracruz.. Humid. 2,. Swamp. I,. Forest interior near Apazote, Campeche.. 2,. Tree fern. I,. Interior of marsh, Altamira, southern Tamaulipas.. forest,. Contoy Island, Quintana Roo.. in partially cleared area, Jaltipan,. Veracruz.. 2,. Savanna area near Apazote, Campeche. Spanish cedar (Cedrela mcxicana). Mahogany, or caoba (Szvietenia macrophylla).. I,. Guacima. 2, 5.. Desert vegetation at Arroyo Catavina, northern Baja California.. I,. ulmijolia), a tree widely distributed throughout Mexico. Yohaltun, Campeche. Guarumo {Cecropia mexicana) a tree widely distributed throughout tropical Mexico. Yohaltun, Campeche. Typical savanna vegetation along Pacific coast near Chicapa, Oaxaca. Typical savanna vegetation along Gulf coast near Jaltipan, Veracruz. An imposing forest interior where underground waters have produced. {Guazuma. tropical. 2,. 7.. I,. 2, 8.. I,. ,. a heavy growth of giant. fig trees. and. tall. palms. in. an arid general. area near Manzanillo, Colima. 2,. Sand dunes encroaching on vegetation along Gulf coast near Puerto. I,. Forest interior during dry season. Mexico. 9.. when. trees are nearly leafless, near. Chichen-Itza, Yucatan.. 10.. 11.. 12.. 2,. Wall. I,. Vegetation along bank of stream near Carrizal, Veracruz.. 2,. Vegetation on small island near Zihuatanejo, Guerrero.. 2,. Palm Wild. I,. Attalea palms encircled by young wild. I,. 2,. 13.. I,. 2,. 14.. of large natural well, or cenote, Chichen-Itza, Yucatan.. I,. 2,. forest fig. (Attalea cohume), near. (Ficits lentiginosa). ,. Papayo, Guerrero.. near San Jeronimo, Guerrero.. fig (Ficus lentiginosa) Climbing cactuses, near Carrizal, Veracruz. Shore of Laguna de Coyuca, Guerrero. Low forest on broken shore line, near Acapulco, Guerrero. Tidal lagoon near Manzanillo, Colima. Nesting site of Brewster's booby (Sitla brezvsteri) on small island near. Zihuatanejo, Guerrero. 15.. I,. 2,. 16.. I,. 18.. ,. I,. Silk-cotton tree (probably Bombax cJlipticum) near Cayacal, Guerrero. Vegetation along Rio Balsas, near village of Rio Balsas.. 2,. An. I,. Mangrove-bordered. 2,. 17.. Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), near Progreso, Yucatan. Orejon tree {Enterolobium cyclocarpiim) Merida, Yucatan. Silk-cotton tree (probably Ceiba pcntandra), near Taschan Campeche.. 2,. ,. {Agave), near La Salada, Michoacan. lagoon near Tonala, Chiapas. Mangrove-swamp interior near Progreso, Yucatan. unidentified centuryplant tidal.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. Vi. VOL. II5. Plate 19.. 20.. 2,. size, near Carrizal, Veracruz. (Beaucarnea inermis) with trunk enormously expanded at base, near Carrizal, Veracruz. Maya Indian ruin at Chichen-Itza, Yucatan, as it appeared before excavation, February 5, 1901. Maya Indian structures, ancient and modern, Chichen-Itza, Yucatan.. I,. Hennequen or. I,. I,. Unidentified cactus of giant. Treelike plant. February 22.. Salada, Michoacan.. Jicara tree (Crescentia alata), near. Jicara tree {Crescentia cujete), near Progreso, Yucatan.. 2,. 21.. La. I,. 2,. 5,. 1901. sisal. (probably Agave sisalana), extensively grown for. the fiber, near Merida, Yucatan. 2,. Stripping plant for agave leaves, and sisal-fiber drying, near Merida,. I,. Pack. 2,. Hacienda. Yucatan. 23.. 24.. I,. W. Nelson leading, on coastal trail near Cayacal, Guerrero. Santa Efigenia, southeastern Oaxaca. Forest interior at 7,500 feet, near Omilteme, northwest slope of Sierra. 2,. Forest interior, liquidambar and oaks. outfit,. Madre. E.. of. del Sur, Guerrero.. among dominant. about. species, at. 5,500 feet, near Jalapa, Veracruz. 25.. I,. 2,. Nest of solitaire (Myadestes obscums obscuriis), near Omilteme, northwest slope of Sierra Madre del Sur, Guerrero. Nest of warbler (Basileuterus belli darns), near Omilteme, northwest slope of Sierra. Madre. del Sur, Guerrero.. 26.. Typical landscape aspects near San Vicente, in upper part of valley of. 27.. I,. Rio de Chiapas, Chiapas.. Mixed vegetation near head. of. Canon de. los Reyes,. southern Baja Cali-. fornia.. I,. Valley of Anita, southern Baja California. Desert vegetation near Bahia de Concepcion, Baja California.. 2,. East front of Sierra de. 2,. 28.. 29.. I,. 2,. 30.. I,. 2,. 31.. I,. 2,. la Giganta,. Baja California.. Cabo San Lucas, Baja California. Volcan de Jorullo, Michoacan. Wild fig (Ficus palmeri), near Cabo San Lucas, Baja. California.. Creeping cactus or chirinola (Machacrocereus eruca), near Santo Domingo, southern Baja California. Giant cactuses (Pachycereus pringlei and P. pecten-aborigimim) Tres Pachitas, southern Baja California. Pitahaya dulce (Lemaireocereiis thurberi), near Matancita, southern ,. Baja California. 32.. 22-. 2,. Giant cactus {Pachycereus pringlei), San Jose del Cabo, Baja California. Giant cactus {Pachycereus pectcn-aborigimim), near Cabo San Lucas,. I,. Paloverde. I,. Baja California. {Ccrcidium peninsulare). ,. near Santa Anita, southern Baja. California.. 34.. 2,. Paloblanco {Lysiloma Candida) forest in valley east of San Ignacio on. I,. trail to Santa Rosalia. Bursera odorata, near El Potrero, southern Baja California. Candelilla {Pedilanthtis macrocarpus), near Matancita, southern Baja. 2,. California..

WHOLE. VU. LIST OF PLATES. VOL,. Plate 35.. I,. Matacora. {Jatropha spathulata). ,. near. Santa Rosalia, southern Baja. California. 2,. 36.. I,. 2,. 37.. I,. 2,. 38.. (Machaerocereus gummosus), Espiritu Santo Island, Baja California. Palo de Adan (Fouqmcria peninsularis) near San Andres, southern Baja California. Giant viznaga (Fcrocactus digiietii), a remarkable species known only from islands in the Gulf of California. Viznaga (Ferocacttis zvislisenii), San Jose del Cabo, Baja California. Ibervillea sonorae, Isla Ceralvo, Baja California. Pitahaya agria. ,. I,. Sierra de los Cocopahs (east side), Baja California.. 2,. Ocotillo. {Fouquieria splendens) and cholla cactus (Opuntia bigelovii),. Calamahue, Baja California. 39.. 40.. Cirio (Idrta columnaris), near. Yucca. I,. 2,. 41.. I,. 2,. 42.. San Fernando, Baja California. Santo Domingo, central Baja California.. I,. 2,. I,. 2,. valida, near. Mixed vegetation near Camargo, Tamaulipas. Mixed vegetation, viznaga (probably Fcrocactus orcuttii), Ephedra, and small species of Agave, San Matias Pass, between Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California. Rio de Zamora, near La Barca, Jalisco. Canon de Oblatos of the Rio Grande de Santiago, near Guadalajara. Pinus oocarpa. Valley of Comitan, Chiapas. Oak woods draped with Spanish moss (Tillandsia) on. hills. near Comi-. tan, Chiapas.. 43.. I,. 2,. 44.. 45.. Looking down the canyon from lava-capped plateau near Tinaja Santa Ana, central Baja California. A few miles northeast of San Francisquito, near Gulf of California, Baja California, showing extremely arid and sterile character of the country.. 2,. Hardy River near Volcano Lake, Baja California, in April 1905. Laguna de Meyran, the sump in bottom of an interior basin, southern Coahuila, March 28, 1926.. I,. Copalquin (Pachycormus discolor), Sierra de Santa Clara, Baja Cali-. 2,. Temporary camp. I,. fornia. at. base of copalquin, at Tinaja de Santa Clara, in. Sierra de Santa Clara, Baja California. 46.. I,. 2,. Camp at Yubay, central Baja California. E. W. Nelson at work. Pinus oocarpa and fan palms, foothills of Sierra Madre del Sur, near Chilpancingo, Guerrero.. 47.. I,. 2,. 48.. I,. 2,. on Lago de Chapala, Jalisco. Cargo boat under sail on Rio Grande de Santiago, near Ocotlan, Jalisco. Houses of fishermen, m.ade of tall cattail-flags (Typha), near mouth of Rio de Lerma, Lago de Chapala, Jalisco. Dike at east end of Lago de Chapala, Jalisco, as it appeared January 18, Sail cargo boat, near Ocotlan,. 193549.. I,. W.. Nelson taking eggs of glossy ibis {Plegadis jalcinellus) from nest end of Lago de Chapala, Jalisco, June 25, 1903. Nest of brown towhee (Pipilo fuscus potosinus) in mesquite tree. La E.. in tall flags at east. 2,. Barca, Jalisco, June 28, 1903..

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. Vlll. VOL. II5. Plate 50.. 51.. I,. Delta of Rio de Lerma, looking across Lago de Chapala, Jalisco.. 2,. Mud. I,. Tinaja de San Juan, a natural water-storage tank,. geyser, or "volcano," near Volcano Lake, northern Baja California. in. hard lava, 5 miles. north of San Ignacio, Baja California.. 52.. 2,. Desert after torrential rain, near La Cruz, southern Baja California.. I,. Giant cactus {Pachycereus pringlei) on road from Santo. 2,. Baja California. Giant cactus forest {Pachycereus pringlei), near Guaymas, Sonora. Agave nelsoni and the cirio (Idria columnaris) near San Fernando, Baja. Domingo. to. Calmalli,. 53.. I,. ,. California. 2,. 54.. I,. Nest of Gambel's quail (Lophortyx gambelii) Lake, northern Baja California.. Garambullo (Lophocereus. schottii), near. in thicket. near Volcano. San Francisquito, Baja. Cali-. fornia. 2,. Nolina. rocky hillsides from Baja California and Sonora north to southern Arizona and. bigelovii, a characteristic desert species of. central. California. 55.. I,. Pine and oak forest at 7,500 feet altitude, 20 miles southeast of Teopisca,. 2,. Valley of Rio San Antonio, where. Chiapas.. the Sierra 56.. emerges from the western side of California.. I,. Laguna de Tultengo, near Apam, Hidalgo. Marsh near Tochimilco, Valley of Mexico, Mexico. Mixed forest on north slope of Sierra de la Laguna, southern Baja. 2,. Results of peculiar habit of ant-eating woodpecker (Melanerpes formi-. I,. 2,. 57.. it. San Pedro Martir, Baja. California.. civorus jormicivorus) 58.. I,. 2,. 59.. I,. 2,. 60.. I,. 2,. 61.. I,. July 2,. 62.. I,. I,. 8,. 1904.. Nest of grebe (Podilymhus podiceps) 2,. 5,. in. in. marsh near Lerma,. marsh near Lerma, Mexico,. 1904.. Nest of gallinule (Gallinula chloropus) July. 63.. near Canjob, Chiapas.. Nest of Mexican black duck (Anas diazi diazi) Mexico, July 8, 1904. July. 2,. ,. Lago de Patzcuaro, Michoacan. Shallow lake near San Martin, Texmelucan, Puebla. Marshes near head of Rio de Lerma in Valley of Toluca, Mexico. Interior of marsh near Lerma, Mexico. Washerwomen utilizing the great springs at Almoloya del Rio. Marsh just below the springs at Almoloya del Rio, Mexico. Nest of Virginia rail (Ralhis limicola) in marsh near Lerma, Mexico,. in. marsh near Lerma, Mexico,. 1904.. Forest, chiefly of yellow pine. lambertiana). ,. (Pimts ponderosa) and sugar pine (P. San Pedro Martir, Baja. at 8,000 feet altitude in Sierra. California. 2,. Forest of oaks, large dogwoods, and alders at 8,500 feet altitude on north slope of Cerro de Tancitaro, Michoacan..

WHOLE. LIST OF PLATES. VOL.. IX. Plate 64.. I,. Mixed. pine forest and open, grassy. altitude),. meadows. at. La Grulla. (7,000 feet. near the southern end of the Sierra San Pedro Martir,. Baja California. 2,. 65.. 66.. 67.. 68.. Camp. at 9,000 feet altitude. on Cerro de Tancitaro, Michoacan.. Forest at about 10,000 feet altitude on north slope of Cerro de Tancitaro,. Michoacan. Highest point of Cerro de Tancitaro, Michoacan. 2, Pinus montecumae var. lindleyi, the dominant tree above 11,000 feet altitude on Cerro de Tancitaro, Michoacan. I, Crest of Cerro de Tancitaro, Michoacan. 2, Neveros, or snow gatherers, at about 12,000 feet altitude on Cerro de Tancitaro, Michoacan, March i, 1903. Cerro Ixtacihuatl. Western side, from near timber line at about 13,000 I,. feet.. 69.. 70.. Southern end of Cerro Ixtacihuatl, looking across high pass from well up on slope of the Volcan de Popocatepetl, Mexico. Volcan de Popocatepetl from near summit of Cerro Ixtacihuatl, Mexico..



PREFATORY NOTE Because of my long, close, and friendly association with Edward Alphonso Goldman 8 years as fellow research worker, 8 more as assistant and helper in administration and research under his supervision, then 10 years as a fellow administrator and researcher, and. —. lo years as his supervisor as chief of the section of biological. finally. —. surveys, United States Fish and Wildlife Service fitting that. The. man. I. should write a prefatory note to this his. it. seems quite. magnum. opus.. made by Nelson and Goldamong the most important. results of the biological explorations. Mexico from 1892 to 1906 are ever achieved by two workers for any single country. These in. results. should be appraised not only by the valuable biological collections procured, including 17,400. mammals and. 12,400 birds, but also by the. vast fund of information obtained and preserved in thousands of. pages of manuscript reports in regard to the physiographical features, fauna, and flora of the country, at that time so little known. Immeasurable information that. was never preserved on paper vanished with. two really great field naturalists. After the Mexican field work had been completed it was planned that Nelson would write the report on birds, Goldman that on mammals, and jointly they would compose a report on itineraries, physiography, biotic areas, and life zones. At the time of the death of Edward William Nelson, May 19, 1934, he had some years previously published an extensive monograph on Baja California (Lower California and its Natural Resources: Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, first memoir, pp. 1-194, pis. 1-34, i folding map, July 1921) and begun to assemble his notes preparatory to writing a book on the birds of Mexico. Goldman had from time to time identified many, perhaps most, of the Mexican mammals, and in June 1928, when he was relieved of all administrative work in the old Bureau of Biological Survey so that he could devote his entire time to research, he continued his interest in Mexican mammals. It was not until the summer of 1940 (fiscal year 1941), however, that "Mammals of Mexico: To show distribution, life history, and status of all known species" was designated as a project in the program of work, and not until the autumn of 1942 that special attention was given to assembling the accumulated notes and reports on Mexican mammals. The work on the mammals of Mexico as a project progressed little farther. During the passing of these.

5. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. xii. VOL. II. summer of 1943 as his immediate supervisor I sat in with Major Goldman for a heart-to-heart talk on his research work a type of visit in which we frequently indulged. Among other things I told him that in spite of his vigor he was not going to live forever, and that when he went nobody would be able accurately to write a report on the Nelson and Goldman itineraries, or to describe the physiography, the. —. fauna, and flora as they saw. I. it.. further suggested that he concen-. one project as the most important he could do, that others could write a report on Mexican mammals, but only he on his travels. Accordingly, in the program of work for the fiscal year 1944, the. trate. on. this. project on. was deleted, and instead appeared Mexico Itineraries, descriptions of localities, areas, and fauna notes of the Nelson-Goldman field Mexico." He worked diligently upon the project. "Mammals. of Mexico". "Biological localities of life. zones, biotic. explorations in. :. almost to the day of his lamentable death, September 2, 1946. In general arrangement and treatment of subject matter this report appears about as. we planned. it. in. our numerous discussions.. I. had suggested that there be included a list of all persons who had collected natural-history material in Mexico, with a very brief outline of the work of each. Goldman had started this list at the time of his death, but it was incomplete, and very little pertinent data accompanied the names. I have reviewed and edited the entire manuscript, most parts of which were fairly complete. The chapter on. many mammal. "Biotic Provinces" I have in. places revised, and the discussions. mammals and lists of The original manuscript was. species are mostly. of. from. my. pen.. accurately and meticulously prepared by Goldman, as was characteristic of him. The only possible mistake that seemed to occur more or less persistently was an exaggera-. number of miles as expressed in distances traveled. It Goldman used "horse-back miles" or "foot miles," instead of direct distances. Thus, for example, he says of La Salada, Michoacan, March 9-24, 1903 "La Salada is a ranch at about 2,000 feet, 40 miles south of Uruapan, Michoacan. On March 8 we left Uruapan and tion of the is. as. if. :. traveled about 28 miles in a southerly course, following a valley for. 6,500. feet,. some. distance,. and then, after crossing a ridge. wound down through. narrow at about. the foothills to the ranch of Las. on the north 9 we continued. Pilas in the arid country near the base of the foothills side of the valley of the. Rio Balsas.. On March. from Las Pilas, 12 miles across an open plain to a small canyon about 2 miles from the ranch of La Salada." Actually La Salada is less than 25 miles from Uruapan in a direct line, and lies. southeasterly.

WHOLE. VOL.. slightly. west of south of. PREFATORY NOTE it,. at longitude. X1H 102°. + W. and. latitude. Map. Mexico. I9°07' N. All distances as. shown on. the Locality and. Route. of. (following page 34) are as accurate as can be expected. The bird names have been checked and brought up to date by Dr.. Herbert Friedmann, U.. S. National. Section of Biological Surveys, Fish and Wildlife Service,. U. S. Department of the Interior.. Museum, Hartley H. T. Jackson..



BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN MEXICO By. EDWARD ALPHONSO GOLDMAN. Formerly Senior. Biologist, Fish. and Wildlife Service,. U. S. Department of the Interior, and Research Associate, Smithsonian Institution. INTRODUCTION Field investigations of mammals and birds in Mexico were initiated by the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy (later the Bureau of Biological Survey) of the United States Department. of Agriculture, as a part of general surveys designed to afford in-. formation bearing on the numbers, distribution, and habits of species in. North America as a whole. Edward W. Nelson, who was. young man of 36, with 5 years' experience as a naturalist in Alaska, and who had been a member of the Death Valley Expedition in California, was detailed to traverse a central section of the republic, the work beginning at the port of Manzanillo on the Pacific coast in the state of Colima in January 1892. The writer, at the age of 18, accompanied him as assistant. At first it was assumed that investigations would be restricted to rather local areas, but the mammals and birds proved to be much less well known than was anticipated. A large, previously unknown, tropical woodrat (Hodomys alleni) was taken the second day, and the collection of other. still. a. new mammals soon. followed.. With. the dis-. some of which represented new genera as The work in the field was well, further interest was aroused. extended and carried on year after year, with some seasonal interruptions in the later years, until 1906, when most of the important parts of every state and territory had been included in its scope. Most of the islands off the coasts were visited, and in the winter of 1895-96 a short trip was made through the highlands of southwestern Guatemala. The field work was concluded with a journey extending the entire length of Baja Cahfornia, with a pack outfit, in 1905 and 1906. covery of. new. species,. Although attention was devoted primarily. mammals and. birds, collections of. were also made, and the. field. reptiles,. reports. to. investigations. of. amphibians, and plants. embody much general informa-. SWIITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 115 (WHOLE VOLUME) I.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 2. and climate of the country. The. tion concerning the physiography. mammals. collected. number 17,400 specimens, and of. The mammal. were taken.. VOL. II5. collections include. birds. 354 species. and a considerable number of the. species described as new,. 12,400. and subbirds,. new names. All the specimens are deposited in the United States National Museum. Aside from the descriptions of species and subspecies new to science,. reptiles,. amphibians, and plants taken received. the material gathered in. many groups cially in the. of. Mexico has been used. mammals and. birds.. The. in the revision of. birds have been used espe-. preparation of the "Birds of North and Middle America". (U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 50) by Ridgway and Friedmann. The material has also been helpful in providing the answers to many questions concerning the distribution of species in North America as a whole.. An. account entitled "Lower California and. (Mem.. Nat. Acad.. Sci., vol.. 16,. 194 pp.,. its. Natural Resources". illus.,. 192 1) was prepared. for publication by Dr. Nelson "Mexican Tailless Amphibians in the United States National Museum" (U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 224 pp., ;. illus., 1932) by Remington Kellogg; and "Plant Records of an Expedition to Lower California" (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb., vol. 16,. No.. 14, pp.. 309-371,. illus.,. 1916) by the writer.. reports covering the results of the. No. comprehensive. Mexican expeditions. as a whole. have, however, been published.. In preparing the Gazetteer the very ties. full field. by Dr. Nelson have been used, and. fornia I have. drawn. through the peninsula. joint operations in. freely. on. his. notes on. in the section. many. locali-. on Baja Cali-. narrative covering our travel. Dr. Nelson was in general charge of our. Mexico, and to him, with his. enthusiasm and his driving force,. is. lively interest. and. due the chief credit for the large. measure of success achieved. Mexico, as a whole, is of outstanding biological. interest,. owing. to. peculiar configuration, varied topography, and geographic position,. forming as. it. does the meeting ground of the teeming wildlife of the. field work was planned to cover the country as thoroughly as possible, within the time and means available, it was nowhere exhaustive, and many important sections, essentially "biological islands," were only cursorily. Tropics with that of more northern climes. Although our. treated..

1892.

Aug..

WHOLE. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. VOL.. GOLDMAN. 5. 1893. Mar. ". I.. 2.. Amecameca. to Cerro Ixtacihuatl. Cerro Ixtacihuatl to Amecameca.. DISTRITO FEDERAL Mar.. 5.. Amecameca, Mexico,. to City of. Mexico, Distrito Federal.. HIDALGO Mar. " " ". 9.. 13.. 21. 29.. City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, to Tula, Hidalgo.. Tula to Pachuca. Pachuca to El Chico. El Chico to Irolo.. TLAXCALA Apr.. 4.. Irolo, Hidalgo, to Apizaco, Tlaxcala.. PUEBLA Apizaco, Tlaxcala, to Chalchicomula, Puebla (via Esperanza). Chalchicomula to Pico de Orizaba.. Apr.. Pico de Orizaba to Chalchicomula. Chalchicomula to Tehuacan.. TLAXCALA May. 9.. Tehuacan, Puebla, to Cerro de Malinche, Tlaxcala (via Huamantla) .. VERACRUZ. May ". June " ". ". 20.. Cerro de Malinche, Tlaxcala, to Perote, Veracruz. Perote to Cofre de Perote. Cofre de Perote to Perote. Perote to Las Vigas. Las Vigas to Jalapa.. 21.. Jalapa to Jico.. 23.. Jico,. 17.. 23. I.. 8.. PUEBLA July. Aug.. I.. Atlixco to Tochimilco.. 6.. ID.. Tochimilco to Atlixco. Atlixco to San Martin.. 14.. San Martin, Puebla,. 15.. Irolo to Tepa.. 16.. Tepa. ". ". Veracruz, to Atlixco, Puebla.. HIDALGO Aug. " ". to Tulancingo.. to Irolo, Hidalgo..

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 6. VOL. II5. DISTRITO FEDERAL 1893. Aug.. 29.. Tulancingo, Hidalgo, to City of Mexico, Distrito Federal.. MEXICO Sept. ". 2. 3.. City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, to Toluca, Mexico. Toluca to San Juan de las Huertas, at north base of Volcan de Toluca.. DISTRITO FEDERAL Sept.. 14.. San Juan de. las. Huertas, Mexico, to City of Mexico, Dis-. trito Federal.. CHIHUAHUA Sept. 15-18.. Enroute from. City. of. Mexico, Distrito Federal, to Santa. Rosalia, Chihuahua. ». Santa Rosalia to Chihuahua. Nelson left Chihuahua, Chihuahua, for Washington, D. C, while Goldman remained in Chihuahua on vacation. Official. work resumed by Goldman. Chihuahua. at. Chihuahua on. this date.. to Gallego.. Gallego to. Chihuahua.. Chihuahua. to Escalon.. Escalon to Chihuahua.. Chihuahua. to. Santa Eulalia.. Santa Eulalia to Chihuahua.. Chihuahua to Escalon.. DURANGO Dec.. 13.. Escalon, Chihuahua, to Mapimi, Durango.. COAHUILA Dec.. 16.. Mapimi, Durango, to Jimulco, Coahuila.. ZACATECAS Dec. 22-23. " ". Jimulco, Coahuila, to Cafiitas, Zacatecas.. 26.. Canitas to Zacatecas.. 27.. Zacatecas to Berriozabal.. DISTRITO FEDERAL Dec.. 30.. Berriozabal, Zacatecas, to City of Mexico, Distrito Federal,. where Goldman rejoined Nelson, who had returned from the United States on December 27..

WHOLE. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. VOL.. GOLDMAN. MEXICO 1S94 Jan.. 3.. City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, to Amecameca, Mexico.. S.. Amecameca. ". " 7.. ". 8.. to Volcaii de Popocatepetl.. Volcan de Popocatepetl to Cerro Ixtacihuatl. Cerro Ixtacihuatl to Amecameca.. DISTRITO FEDERAL Jan.. 9.. Jan.. II.. Amecameca, Mexico,. to City of. Mexico, Distrito Federal.. VERACRUZ City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, to Orizaba, Veracruz.. PUEBLA Jan.. 13.. Orizaba, Veracruz, to Chalchicomula, Puebla.. VERACRUZ Jan. " ". Feb. " ". " " ". Mar. ". 30.. Chalchicomula, Puebla, to Orizaba, Veracruz. Orizaba to Fortin.. 31.. Fortin to San Juan.. 15.. 14.. San Juan to Huatusco. Huatusco to Mirador. Mirador to Santa Maria. Santa Maria to Chichicaxtle. Chichicaxtle to Orizaba (via Veracruz). Orizaba to Motzorongo (via Cordoba). Motzorongo to Orizaba. Orizaba to Boca del Monte. Boca del Monte to Chalchicomula, Puebla.. 18.. Chalchicomula to Volcan de Orizaba (camp near timber. I.. 2.. 12. 13.. 15.. 21. 6.. 12.. ". PUEBLA Mar.. VERACRUZ Mar.. 21. 22. 24.. 26. 29. 31.. Apr.. I.. Descended to camp on east slope of Volcan de Orizaba. Volcan de Orizaba to Orizaba. Orizaba to Maltrata. Maltrata to Orizaba. Orizaba to Veracruz. Veracruz to Tlacotalpan. Tlacotalpan to Otatitlan.. OAXACA Apr.. 3.. " 7.. ". 10.. Oaxaca. Tuxtepec to camp about 10 miles north. Returned from camp to Tuxtepec.. Otatitlan, Veracruz, to Tuxtepec,. line)..

i894.

WHOLE.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. lO. VOL. II5. 1S95 Jan.. La Venta de Aguacatillo, 15 miles south to Acapulco. Acapulco, 23 miles southeasterly to Cerro Piedra. Cerro Piedra, 17 miles southeasterly to San Marcos.. Feb.. San Marcos, 33 miles southeast. to Copala.. Copala, 27 miles southeast to Juchitango.. Juchitango, 17 miles southeast to Ometepec.. Ometepec, 9 miles southeast to Hacienda del Capricho.. OAXACA Feb.. 16.. Hacienda. del Capricho, Guerrero, 15 miles southeast, to. Llano. Grande, Oaxaca. " " " ". ". Mar.. 19.. Pinotepa, 22 miles southeast, to Jamiltepec.. 24.. Jamiltepec, 20 miles east, to Rio Verde.. 25.. Rio Verde, 20 miles. 26.. Panixtlahuaca, 15 miles east, to Juquila.. 4.. ". " ". " " ". Panixtlahuaca.. Juquila, 24 miles southeasterly, to Nopala.. Nopala, 20 miles northeast, to San Pedro Mixtepec. San Pedro Mixtepec, 22 miles east, to Colotepec.. 7.. Colotepec, 24 miles east, to Cozoaltepec.. 8.. Cozoaltepec, 28 miles southeast, to Pochutla.. 9.. Pochutla, 8 miles south, to Puerto Angel.. " ". east, to. 6.. 5.. ". Llano Grande, 24 miles southeast to Pinotepa.. 23.. 14.. Puerto Angel to Pochutla.. 16.. Pochutla, 22 miles northerly, to Pluma.. 21,. Pluma, 25 miles northwesterly, to San Miguel Suchixtepec. San Miguel Suchixtepec, 30 miles northwesterly, to Miahua-. 22.. tlan.. " ". 24.. Miahuatlan, 24 miles southeast, to Ozolotepec.. 27.. Ozolotepec. (mountains. near),. 16. camp miles. in. mountains near. northwesterly. Roatina.. " ". Apr. " ". " ". " " ". May " " " ". June. 28.. Roatina, 34 miles northwesterly, to Ejutla.. 29.. Ejutla, 39 miles north, to Oaxaca.. 17.. Oaxaca, 22 miles southeast, to TIacolula.. 18.. TIacolula, 26 miles southeast, to Totolapa.. 19.. Totolapa, 14 miles southeast, to Los Bichones.. 20.. 23.. Los San San Las. 24.. Tequisistlan, 35 miles southeast, to Tehuantepec.. 21. 22.. 4.. 14. 18.. 22. 24.. Bichones, 17 miles southeast, to San Carlos. Carlos, 18 miles southeast, to. San Bartolo.. Bartolo, 18 miles southeast, to Las Vacas.. Vacas, 20 miles southeast, to Tequisistlan.. Tehuantepec, 8 miles south, to Huilotepec.. Mateo del Mar. Mar, 21 miles northwest, to Tehuantepec. Tehuantepec, 8 miles northwest, to Cerro de Giengola. Cerro de Giengola to Tehuantepec. Huilotepec, 13 miles east, to San. San Mateo. del. I.. Tehuantepec, 20 miles northeast, to Juchitan.. 3.. Juchitan, 30 miles northerly, to Lagunas.. 7.. Lagunas, 5 miles northwest, to Santo Domingo.. ". ". to.

WHOLE. —GOLDMAN. II. Santo Domingo, 12 miles northwest, to La Rancheria. in tlie. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. VOL.. 1895. June. 14.. mountains. 15 miles northeast, to San Juan Guichicovi. San Juan Guichicovi, 18 miles southeast, to Lagunas. Lagunas to San Geronimo. San Geronimo to Tehuantepec. Tehuantepec to San Geronimo. San Geronimo, 22 miles east, to La Venta.. La Rancheria,. July. La Venta, 20. miles east, to Miltepec.. Miltepec, 22 miles east, to Zanatepec.. Zanatepec, 18 miles southeast, to Tapanatepec.. Tapanatepec, 8 miles northerly, to Santa Efigenia.. CHIAPAS Aug. ". 2.. Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, 24 miles easterly, via Tapanatepec, to Rancho Llano Redondo, Chiapas. Llano Redondo, 21 miles southeasterly, to Rancho de La. 3.. Pampa. Rancho de La Pampa,. I.. " ". 16 miles southwesterly, to Tonala.. 13.. Tonala, 16 miles northwest, to. 14.. La. ". 16. Calera,. miles. La. northerly to. Calera.. El. Ocote,. in. mountains. north of Tonala. ". " " ". " ". Sept. ". 16.. La. 18.. San Ricardo,. 21.. Ocozocoautla, 10 miles northwesterly to Ocuilapa.. 24. 29.. 9.. Ranch. ". " ". Oct. " ". " " ". Nov.. Ocuilapa, 3 miles east, to Rancho Alsacia. Alsacia, 23 miles east, to Tuxtla Gutierrez.. Rancho. 8.. 7,. ". 18 miles easterly, to Ocozocoautla.. Tuxtla Gutierrez, 28 miles to Chicoasen (Nelson). Chicoasen to Tecpatan, via Copainala (Nelson). Tecpatan to Quechula (Nelson). Quechula to ranch on trail to Tuxtla Gutierrez (Nelson).. 3.. 4.. ". ". El Ocote, 16 miles northerly, to La Joya. Joya, 21 miles northerly, to San Ricardo.. 17.. 13.. to Tuxtla Gutierrez (Nelson). Tuxtla Gutierrez, 18 miles easterly to Rancho del Calvario (via Chiapa).. 12.. Rancho del Calvario, 13 miles easterly, to Rancho del Burrero. Rancho del Burrero, 16 miles easterly, to San Cristobal. San Cristobal, 16 miles northeasterly, to Tenejapa.. 13.. Tenejapa, 21 miles northeasterly, to Cancuc.. 14.. Cancuc, 16 miles north, to Citala. Citala, 18 miles north to Yajalon.. 14. 15.. 15.. 20. 29. 4.. Yajalon, 13 miles northwest to Tumbala. Tumbala, 16 miles northerly, to La Trinidad.. La Trinidad to Tumbala (Goldman) Sal to de Agua (Nelson).. ;. La Trinidad. to. El. TABASCO Nov.. 5-9.. El. Salto,. Chiapas, enroute by canoe to. (Nelson).. Frontera,. Tabasco.

i895.

WHOLE. GOLDMAN. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. VOL.. I3. 1896 Feb.. 12.. Pinabetc, 15 miles southerly, to Finca Mexico.. 13.. Finca Mexico, 10 miles to Las Chicharras. Las Chicharras, 17 miles southerly to ranch on road to Huehuetan. Ranch on road, 11 miles southwesterly, to Huehuetan. Huehuetan, 22 miles southeast, to Tapachula, where we sold the horses and pack mules we had used continuously for a year and about 9 months. Tapachula, 22 miles southwest to San Benito by ox cart.. ". ". ". Mar.. ". 19.. 20. 3.. II.. OAXACA Mar. 22-26.. Enroute from San Benito, Chiapas, to Salina Cruz (steamer) to Tehuantepec on March 26 (rail).. ;. VERACRUZ Apr.. 9.. Tehuantepec,. Oaxaca,. to. (Puerto. Coatzacoalcos. Mexico),. Veracruz. " ". ". May ". 17.. Coatzacoalcos to Minatitlan.. 26.. Minatitlan to Coatzacoalcos.. 27.. Coatzacoalcos to Jaltipan.. 4.. Jaltipan to Coatzacoalcos.. 15-16.. " 17.. Coatzacoalcos to Veracruz. (enroute by steamer).. Veracruz to Orizaba.. DISTRITO FEDERAL. May. 18.. May. 22.. City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, to El Marques, Hidalgo.. May. 26.. El Marques, Hidalgo, to San Juan del Rio, Queretaro.. Orizaba,. Veracruz,. to. City. of. Mexico,. Distrito. Federal.. HIDALGO. QUERETARO. GUANAJUATO May. 27.. San Juan. del Rio, Queretaro, to Celaya,. Guanajuato.. QUERETARO June. I.. Celaya, Guanajuato, to Tequisquiapan, Queretaro.. DISTRITO FEDERAL June. 9.. Tequisquiapan, Queretaro, to City of Mexico, Distrito Federal.. HIDALGO June. 15.. City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, to Tula, Hidalgo..

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 14. VOL. II5. GUANAJUATO June ". 17.. Tula, Hidalgo, to Silao, Guanajuato.. 22.. Silao to Irapuato.. JALISCO June. 23.. Irapuato, Guanajuato, to Lagos, Jalisco.. AGUASCALIENTES July. I.. Lagos, Jalisco, to Chicalote, Aguascalientes.. ZACATECAS July. 7.. Chicalote, Aguascalientes, to Berriozabal, Zacatecas.. AGUASCALIENTES July. 12.. Berriozabal, Zacatecas, to Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes.. SAN LUIS POTOSi July. 14.. Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, to San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi.. COAHUILA July " ". ". 17.. San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, to La Ventura, Coahuila.. 21.. La Ventura to Gomez Farias. Gomez Farias, 14 miles southwest,. 22. 23.. to Hacienda Encarnacion. Hacienda Encarnacion, 14 miles southwesterly, to Sierra En-. carnacion. ". Aug. " ". II.. Gomez Gomez Farias to La Ventura. La Ventura to Carneros.. 14.. Nelson. 31. I.. Sierra Encarnacion to. D. C.. left. Carneros,. Coahuila,. Goldman continued. ;. Farias.. field. to. return. to. Washington,. work.. SAN LUIS POTOSI Aug. ". 17.. 20.. Carneros, Coahuila, to San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi. San Luis Potosi to San Bartolo, and 31 miles southerly Rio Verde (stage).. to. QUERETARO Aug.. " " ". 24.. Rio Verde, San Luis Potosi, 46 miles southeasterly, to Arroyo Seco, Queretaro; via San Ciro de Albercas and Hacienda San Rafael (pack outfit). Arroyo Seco, 10 miles southeasterly, to Conca (pack outfit). Conca, 20 miles southeasterly, to Jalpan (pack outfit).. 31.. Jalpan,. 22.. 23.. 15. miles. southwesterly, to Pinal. outfit).. Sept.. 23.. Pinal de Amoles to Jalpan.. de. Amoles (pack.

WHOLE. GOLDMAN. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. VOL.. 1$. HIDALGO 1896 Sept.. 26.. Jalpan,. (pack ". 27.. Oct. ". 10.. 20.. Queretaro,. 26. miles. southeast. to. Pacula,. Hidalgo. outfit).. Pacula, 25 miles southeast to Encarnacion (pack outfit).. Encarnacion to Zimapan (pack outfit). Zimapan, 17 miles southwesterly, to Rio de Moctezuma (ox cart).. ". 21.. ". 30.. ". 31.. Nov.. I.. Nov.. 2.. Rio de Moctezuma, 12 miles southeasterly, to Ixmiquilpan (ox cart). Ixmiquilpan, 30 miles southward to Mixquiahuala (ox cart). Mixquiahuala, 15 miles south, to Tlaxcoapan (ox cart).. Tlaxcoapan. Tula. to. (rail).. GUANAJUATO " ". 4.. Tula, Hidalgo, via Celaya, to Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato. Dolores Hidalgo, 25 miles southwesterly, to Santa Rosa.. 18.. Santa Rosa to Dolores Hidalgo.. 19.. Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, to San Luis Potosi, San Luis. 21.. Goldman. SAN LUIS POTOSI Nov.. Potosi. ". left. San Luis Potosi enroute. to. home. in California. on vacation. 1897 Jan. ". 5.. 21.. Goldman, returning from California, arrived Rio Verde to La Tinaja.. at. Rio Verde.. JALISCO Feb. ". Mar.. S.. 21.. 3.. " 4.. ". ". ". " ". at Ameca. Ameca, 18 miles southwesterly with newly purchased pack outfit, to ranch on trail to Talpa. Ranch on road 33 miles southwesterly to Atenguillo.. 6.. Atenguillo, 18 miles southwesterly, to Jacala.. 7.. Jacala, 18 miles southwesterly, to Talpa.. ". ". Tinaja, via San Luis Potosi, Irapuato, Guanajuato, and Guadalajara, to Ameca, Jalisco. Nelson, returning from Washington, D. C, rejoined Goldman. La. 13.. Talpa, 27 miles northerly, to Hacienda El Tajo (via Mascota). Hacienda El Tajo, 20 miles northerly, to Milpillas.. 12.. San Sebastian.. 19.. Milpillas, 5 miles northeast, to. 20.. San Sebastian,. 22.. El Real Alto, 12 miles southerly, to. 5 miles southeasterly, to. El Real Alto.. La Laguna,. Juanacatlan. " ". " ". 30.. to San Sebastian. San Sebastian, 3 miles west, to La Cuadrilla. La Cuadrilla, 25 miles westerly, to Las Palmas.. 31.. Las Palmas, 16 miles southwesterly, to Ixtapa.. 26. 27.. La Laguna. Sierra de.

5. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. i6. VOL, II. NAYARIT 1897. Apr.. 4 5. 6 7 15. 16. 20-22 23-24. 28 to. May. 25 29 31 to. June. 14. 22 23. Ixtapa, Jalisco, 20 miles northerly, to Colomo, Nayarit.. Colomo, 28 miles northerly, to Arroyo de Juan Sanchez. Arroyo de Juan Sanchez, 45 miles northeasterly, to Compostela. Compostela, 26 miles northerly, to Tepic. Tepic, 25 miles northwesterly, to Navarrete.. Navarrete, 20 miles southwest, to San Bias. to Isla Isabel (enroute by schooner).. San Bias. San Bias (enroute by schooner). San Bias to Isla Maria Madre (enroute by schooner). Isla Maria Madre to Isla Maria Magdalena (schooner). Isla Maria Magdalena to Isla Maria Cleofas (schooner). June I. Isla Maria Cleofas to San Bias (enroute by schooner). San Bias, 32 miles north, to Santiago. Santiago, 30 miles north, to Rosa Morada. Rosa Morada, 45 miles northerly, to Acaponeta. Isla Isabel to. May. 2.. SINALOA July. 4.. Acaponeta,. Nayarit,. 8. miles. northwesterly,. to. Concepcion,. Sinaloa. " 5.. " " ". ". " " ". 6.. Concepcion, 46 miles northwest, to Escuinapa. Escuinapa, 14 miles northwesterly, to Rosario.. 12.. Rosario, 26 miles northeasterly, to Palmarito.. 13.. Palmarito, 20 miles northeasterly, to Colomos, near Plomosas.. 20.. Colomos. 21. 27.. Palmarito to Rosario. Rosario to Escuinapa.. 28.. Escuinapa to Concepcion.. to Palmarito.. NAYARIT July. Aug.. 29. 2.. Concepcion, Sinaloa, to Acaponeta, Nayarit. Acaponeta, 22 miles easterly, to Pedro Pablo, near San Diego. de Alcala.. 5.. Pedro Pablo, 28 miles northeasterly, to San Blasito. San Blasito, 10 miles southeast, to Rancho de Aguacate.. 6.. Rancho de Aguacate,. 7.. Dolores, 16 miles easterly, to Santa Gertrudis.. 4.. 8.. 13.. 15 miles easterly, to Dolores.. Santa Gertrudis, 18 miles northeasterly, to Santa Teresa. Santa Teresa to ranch 30 miles east.. DURANGO Aug.. 14.. Ranch. 30 miles east of Santa Teresa, Nayarit, to Huazamota,. Durango.. NAYARIT Aug.. 15.. Huazamota, Durango,. to. camp. in. cave 10 miles northeast..

7. WHOLE. VOL.. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. —GOLDMAN. 1. ZACATECAS 1897. Aug.. 16.. Camp. Huazamota, Durango, 25 summit of Sierra Madre in Zacatecas. Sierra Madre, 25 miles easterly to Hacienda de San Juan in cave 10 miles northeast of. miles easterly to. ". 18.. Capistrano.. JALISCO Aug.. 23.. San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas, 25 miles. easterly. to. Hue-. juquilla, Jalisco.. ". 25.. Huejuquilla, 30 miles southerly, to Mexquitic.. ZACATECAS Aug.. 26.. Mexquitic,. Jalisco,. 18. miles. easterly,. to. Monte Escobedo,. Zacatecas. ". 27.. Monte Escobedo. to ranch 8 miles southeast.. JALISCO Aug.. 28.. Monte Escobedo (ranch 8. miles southeast), 30 miles south-. easterly, to Colotlan, Jalisco.. ZACATECAS Aug.. 31.. Colotlan, Jalisco, 28 miles southeast to Plateado, Zacatecas.. JALISCO Sept. ". 5.. Plateado, Zacatecas, to Colotlan, Jalisco.. 7.. Colotlan, 30 miles southeasterly, to. Santa Maria, near To-. tatiche.. ". 8.. Santa Maria, 35 miles southwest, to El Romerio.. 9.. El Romerio, 10 miles southwest, to Bolafios.. " ". ". ". 15.. 17.. 19.. camp near summit of Sierra Madre. Returned from camp near summit of Sierra Madre to Bolafios. Bolafios to ranch 23 miles south, on east side of Rio de Bolafios, 14 miles northwest, to. Bolafios.. ZACATECAS Sept.. 20.. Rio de Bolafios. (camp near),. 2>7. miles. southerly,. to. EI. Conejo, Zacatecas.. JALISCO Sept. ". " ". 21.. El Conejo, 46 miles southeasterly, to San Cristobal, on Rio de Santiago in Jalisco.. 22.. San. 23.. Hacienda de Copala,. 25.. Left Guadalajara, Jalisco. Cristobal, 36 miles southeasterly, to. Goldman. to. home. Hacienda de Copala.. 11 miles southeasterly, to. in. Guadalajara.. Nelson for Washington, D. C, and California on vacation. ;.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. l8. VOL. II5. ZACATECAS 1897. Nov.. 23.. Goldman, returning from vacation, arrived. at Fresnillo,. Za-. catecas.. ". 24.. Fresnillo,. 50 miles southwesterly, to. Hacienda de Sauceda. (stage). ". 25.. Hacienda de Sauceda, 20 miles southwesterly, to Valparaiso. 26.. Valparaiso, 13 miles west to near summit of Valparaiso. (stage). ". Moun-. tains (pack outfit).. Dec. ". 8.. 20.. Valparaiso Mountains to Valparaiso.. Valparaiso to Fresnillo.. DISTRITO FEDERAL Dec.. „. 21.. Fresnillo, Zacatecas, to City of. Mexico, Distrito Federal.. HIDALGO. „. 189S Jan.. I.. City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, to Tulancingo, Hidalgo.. PUEBLA Jan. ". 3.. 16.. Tulancingo, Hidalgo, 35 miles northeasterly, to Huauchinango,. Puebla (stage). Huauchinango, 27 miles northeasterly,. to. San Pedro (pack. outfit).. ". 17.. San Pedro, 25 miles. northeasterly, to. Rancho Nuevo (pack. outfit).. ". 18.. Rancho Nuevo, 6 miles. northeasterly, to Metlatoyuca. (pack. outfit).. Feb.. 27.. Metlatoyuca, 28 miles southeasterly, to Tepesala (pack outfit).. Feb.. 28.. Tepesala, 25 miles southeasterly, to Coatzintla, Veracruz (pack. VERACRUZ outfit).. Mar.. I.. " ". Coatzintla, 13 miles southeasterly, to Papantla (pack outfit).. 15.. Papantla, 18 miles northeasterly, to Gutierrez Zamora.. 16.. Gutierrez. 25.. Tampico, Tamaulipas (steamer). Tampico to Altamira (rail). Altamira to Tampico, where Goldman joined Nelson who had just returned from Washington, D. C.. Zamora. to. Veracruz (steamer).. TAMAULIPAS Mar. Apr.. 2.. ". 24.. Apr.. 27.. Veracruz. to. SAN LUIS POTOSi ". 29.. Tampico, Tamaulipas, to Valles, San Luis Potosi (rail). Valles, 25 miles southerly, to village of Santa Cruz (pack outfit).. ". 30.. Santa Cruz, 22 miles southerly Huehuetlan (pack outfit).. through. Tancanhuitz,. to.

WHOLE. GOLDMAN. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. VOL.. I9. 1898. May ". I.. Huehuetlan, 20 miles south to. 4.. Jilitla to. 8.. Valles to Velasco (rail).. Jilitla. (pack. outfit).. Valles (pack outfit).. VERACRUZ. May. 9.. Velasco, San Luis Potosi, to Chijol, Veracruz (rail).. TAMAULIPAS May ". ". " " ". II.. Chijol, Veracruz, to. 15.. Tampico. 20.. Altamira to Victoria.. 27.. Victoria to Forlon.. Tampico, Tamaulipas.. to Altamira.. 29.. Forlon to Victoria.. 31.. Victoria,. 25 miles. southwest, to ranch of. La Mula (pack. outfit).. June ". 6.. La Mula, 25 miles southwesterly, to Jaumave (pack outfit). Jaumave, 25 miles northwest, to ranch of Angelito (pack. 7.. Angelito, 20 miles northwest, to Miquihuana (pack outfit).. I.. outfit).. ". NUEVO LEON June ". ". 17.. Tamaulipas, 22 miles west to Hacienda del Carmen, Nuevo Leon (pack outfit). Hacienda del Carmen, 22 miles westerly, to Doctor Arroyo. 18.. (pack outfit). Doctor Arroyo, 35 miles west, to ranch (pack. 19.. Ranch 35 miles west. 16.. Miquihuana,. outfit).. SAN LUIS POTOSI June. of Doctor Arroyo, Nuevo Leon, 10 miles west to Matehuala, San Luis Potosi (pack outfit).. DURANGO June. Matehuala enroute to Durango, Durango terrey, Nuevo Leon).. (rail). ;. (via. Mon-. to camp in mountains, 38 miles west, with newly purchased pack outfit. Camp in mountains 28 miles southwest to Hacienda El Salto.. Durango. El Salto to camp enroute back to Durango.. Camp. to Durango. Durango, 35 miles north,. to Cacaria.. Cacaria, 48 miles north, to Hacienda Magdalena.. Hacienda Magdalena, 30 miles north, to Santiago Papasquiaro. Santiago Papasquiaro, 16 miles northeast, to ranch of Los Sauces.. Los Sauces, 36 miles northeast, to Hacienda de Ramos. Hacienda de Ramos, 40 miles northerly, to Inde. Inde, 13 miles northwest, to El Oro..

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 20. VOL, II5. 1898. Aug. ". " ". 15. 16. 18. 19.. El Oro, to camp in mountains 35 miles northwest. Camp 22 miles westerly to Guanacevi. Guanacevi, 16 miles northerly, to camp in Sierra Madre. Camp 22 miles northwesterly to Cueva Prieta.. CHIHUAHUA Aug. " ". Sept. ". 20.. 21.. Piedra Larga, 18 miles northerly, to. 22.. Camp. in. mountains.. 24 miles northerly to Hacienda del Tule, at east base of Mount Mohinora ("Sierra Madre near Guadalupe y Calvo").. 6.. El Tule, 25 miles southerly, to camp on road to San Julian.. Camp. 8.. San. 9.. Camp. ". ". camp. (via. 7.. ". ". Cueva Prieta, to ranch of Piedra Larga, Chihuahua Arroyo del Agua and San Julian).. 30 miles southerly to San Julian.. Julian, 28 miles northeast, to. camp. in mountains.. 10.. 30 miles northeast to Hacienda de Cerro Prieto. Cerro Prieto to camp in mountains 28 miles northeast.. II.. Camp. 20 miles easterly to Hacienda La Providencia. (Du-. rango). " ". 12.. La Providencia. 16.. Nelson. 20.. Parral to camp in foothills of Sierra Madre, 31 miles northwest.. left. to continue " " ". " " ". ". " ". Oct. ". to. Parral.. Parral for Washington, D. C, leaving Goldman. work. in the field.. 22.. Camp. 23.. Torreon, 20 miles westerly, to Balleza.. 24.. Balleza to. 25.. in foothills 15 miles westerly to. camp 16 miles. west.. 27.. Camp Camp Camp. 28.. Ojito 21 miles westerly to ranch of. 29.. La. 26.. ranch of Torreon.. camp 16 miles farther west. camp near backbone of Sierra Madre.. 16 miles west of Balleza to a 31 miles west to. 21 miles westerly to ranch of Ojito.. La. Gualaina.. Gualaina, 21 miles westerly, to high part of Sierra called. 2.. Los Gentiles. Los Gentiles, 21 miles westerly,. 3.. Tasajera, 25 miles westerly, to. 4.. Camp. 8.. Batopilas, 20 miles west to ranch of Las Guasimas.. ". to ranch of Tasajera.. camp on mountains overlooking. canyon of Rio del Fuerte. on mountains 15 miles westerly and down into canyon. to Batopilas. " ". 12.. " 13.. Las Guasimas, 23 miles southwesterly, to Calabazas, a ranch on the Rio del Fuerte. Calabazas, 26 miles down the Rio del Fuerte, to EI Realito.. SINALOA Oct.. 14.. El Realito, 26 miles westerly, to La Culebra, on east slope. 15.. La. of Sierra de Choix, Sinaloa. ". Culebra, 15 miles westerly, to ranch of El Saucillo, on top. of Sierra de Choix.. " ". 21.. Sierra de Choix, 26 miles northwesterly, to ranch of El Palmar.. 22.. El Palmar, 31 miles westerly, to ranch of Jaguari..

WHOLE. GOLDMAN. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. VOL.. 21. SONORA 1898 Oct. ". " ". Nov.. 23.. 24. 26. 27. 9.. 10. 11.. westward to ranch of Agua Blanca, Sonora. Agua Blanca, 16 miles to Alamos. Alamos, 13 miles northwest to El Ranchito. El Ranchito, 26 miles northwest to Camoa, on Rio Mayo. Camoa to Hacienda de Cocoraque, enroute to Guaymas on horseback (Goldman). Cocoraque to Cocorit on Yaqui River. Cocorit down Yaqui River to Torin. Jagiiari, 27 miles. 12.. Torin, 26 miles northerl}', to military post of. 13.. La Pitahaya about SO miles to Guaymas. Guaymas to Camoa, including a few days. 16-28.. trip. Dec. " ". ". ". 6.. II. 12. 13. 14.. La Pitahaya.. spent on a hunting. with Yaqui Indians near Yaqui River.. Camoa, 39 miles southeast, to Alamos. Alamos, 40 miles southwest, to Tonamino. Tonamino, 23 miles southwest, to port of Agiabampo. Agiabampo to Tonamino. Tonamino to Alamos.. 1S99 Jan. " " ". Feb.. 2. 6.. ID.. 24. 5.. " 6.. Alamos, 8 miles westerly, to Sierra de Alamos. Sierra de Alamos to Alamos. Alamos, 39 miles to Camoa. Camoa to Alamos. Alamos, 40 miles southwest, to Tonamino. Tonamino, 23 miles southwest, to Agiabampo.. SINALOA Feb.. 10.. Agiabampo, Sonora, 45 miles southeasterly, to Mochicahue, on Rio del Fuerte, Sinaloa. Mochicahue, 45 miles southeasterly, to Ocoroni. Ocoroni, 20 miles southeasterly, to Sinaloa. Sinaloa, 40 miles southeasterly, to Mocorito. Mocorito, 35 miles southeasterly, to Comanito.. Comanito, 35 miles southeasterly, to Culiacan. Culiacan, 25 miles easterly, to hacienda of Las Flechas. Las Flechas, 22 miles easterly, to La Rastra.. DURANGO Feb.. 23.. La. Rastra, 20 miles easterly, to Chacala, Durango.. SINALOA Mar.. 8. 9.. 10.. 27.. 28-29. 30.. Apr.. 13.. Durango, to La Rastra, Sinaloa. La Rastra to Las Flechas. Las Flechas to Culiacan. Chacala,. Culiacan to Altata (rail). Altata to Mazatlan. (enroute by steamer). Mazatlan, 9 miles southeast, to ranch on road to Rosario. Returned from ranch to Mazatlan (canoe)..

5. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 22. VOL. II. SONORA. o. 1899. Apr. 14-18. ". ". 20. 29.. Mazatlan, Sinaloa, to Guaymas, Sonora (via Altata,. La Paz. and Santa Rosalia by steamer). Guaymas to Batamotal (rail). Batamotal to Nogales (rail).. CHIHUAHUA Apr.. Sonora, to El. Nogales,. Paso,. Tex.. (enroute. to. points. in. Chihuahua). El Paso, Tex., to Casas Grandes, Chihuahua (rail). Rejoined by Nelson who returned from Washington, D. C. Casas Grandes to Colonia Juarez. Colonia Juarez, 6 miles south to. camp. at east base of Sierra. Madre, with newly purchased pack outfit. Moved 25 miles southwest and camped on a branch of Pilares Canyon, 10 miles northeast of Colonia Garcia. Went on ID miles southeasterly to Colonia Garcia, and then turned 5 miles westerly to a meadow on Gavilan River. Moved camp 9 miles southeasterly to head of a small tributary of Gavilan River.. Changed camp. 15 miles. southeasterly to a small branch of. Piedras Verdes River.. Moved camp southward at the. to the lower end of head of the Piedras Verdes River.. Meadow. Valley. Moved camp. 12 miles southeast to head of Alamos River, a branch of San Miguel River. Moved camp 8 miles west to a fine meadow in the forest. Returned from camp to Colonia Garcia. Colonia Garcia, 15 miles northerly to Cove Valley (via Colonia. Pacheco). ". ". 22.. 24.. Moved camp 8 miles northeasterly into very broken country known as "The Basins." Moved camp 12 miles eastward to a mountain top near a. Mormon ". Sept.. 26. 4.. " 5.. " 6.. " 7.. sawmill.. Returned from mountains to Casas Grandes. Left Casas Grandes and traveled 25 miles north along road (pack outfit).. rail-. Moved camp about 15 miles north along the railroad. Moved camp easterly to bank of Santa Maria River. Went 15 miles northerly down the course of the Santa Maria River and camped on the bank of the stream.. 14.. Moved camp. 12 miles northerly to deserted ranch by. some. springs at northwest corner of Lake Santa Maria. " ". 20.. Lake Santa Maria, 10 miles west, to Guzman on railroad. Guzman, 35 miles south of west to camp on road to Colonia. 21.. Camp 6. 22.. Colonia Diaz to camp on plain 8 miles west.. 19.. Diaz. " ". miles to Colonia Diaz..

WHOLE. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. VOL.. GOLDMAN. 23. 1899 Sept.. 23.. Moved camp 40. miles westerly to east base of Sierra de las. Espuelas. ". Oct. ". 24. 3. 5.. " " ". Moved camp to north end of Sierra en Media. Moved camp 8 miles southwest to near base of Moved camp to mudhole 10 miles south.. Sierra Madre.. ID.. Returned to Sierra en Media camp. Sierra en Media, 40 miles easterly to Colonia Diaz. Colonia Diaz to Guzman, after selling pack outfit at former. II.. Guzman. 6.. 8.. place.. ". to El Paso, Tex., enroute to United States.. TABASCO 1900. Mar.. 4.. Goldman arrived by steamer from tera.. ". 13-14.. 14-18.. York, N. Y.,. Frontera, up Rio Grijalva to San Juan Bautista. Hermosa ". New. Up. at. Fron-. Tabasco.. —now. Villa. (river steamer).. Grijalva and Teapa Rivers to Teapa. (canoe and pack. outfit).. Apr. 22-24.. Teapa, down river on return trip to Frontera (canoe and steamer). Goldman joined at Frontera by Nelson.. May. Frontera,. 1-3.. about. 140 miles. up Rio Usumacinta,. to. Monte. Cristo (small river steamer).. CHIAPAS. May. 10.. Monte. Cristo, Tabasco, to Palenque, Chiapas (pack outfit).. TABASCO. May ". 21.. 26-28.. Monte Cristo, Tabasco. Laguna (now Ciudad del Carmen) (steamer).. Palenque, Chiapas, to. Monte. Cristo to. CAMPECHE May. Laguna, Tabasco, to Campeche, Campeche (schooner). Campeche to Hacienda de Jaina. Areas Keys (enroute by schooner). Triangle Keys (enroute by schooner). Triangle Keys to Campeche (enroute by schooner). Left Campeche for New York, N. Y. (steamer). Goldman arrived by steamer from New York, N. Y., at. Campeche, Campeche.. Campeche to Champoton (sailing vessel). Champoton to Canasayab (canoe). Canasayab to San Dimas. San Dimas to Yohaltiin (tram road). Yohaltiin to Apazote (pack outfit).. Apazote to Yohaltiin. Yohaltun to Canasayab. Canasayab to Champoton. Campeche (enroute to, by schooner)..

5;. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 24. VOL. II. YUCATAN 1901 Jan.. 23.. Campeche, Canipeche, to Merida, Yucatan. Goldman rejoined. 26.. Merida Tunkas. Nelson. " ". Feb. " ". 27.. to. Tunkas. (rail).. to Chichen-Itza (coche-volan, or cart).. II.. Chichen-Itza to Tunkas.. 18.. Tunkas Merida. 23.. to. Merida. to. Progreso. (rail).. (rail).. QUINTANA ROO Mar.. 8- II.. Yucatan,. Progreso,. Puerto. to. Morelos,. Roo. Quintana. (steamer). 14.. 2327.. Apr.. 3-418.. 19-20. 22.. Puerto Morelos to La Vega (schooner). to Mujeres Island (schooner). Mujeres Island to Puerto Morelos (schooner). Puerto Morelos to Cozumel Island (schooner). Cozumel Island to Puerto Morelos (schooner) Puerto Morelos to Mujeres Island (schooner) Mujeres Island to Contoy Island (schooner).. La Vega. YUCATAN Apr. 23-24.. Contoy Island, Quintana Roo, via. to Progreso,. Yucatan (schooner. San Felipe).. VERACRUZ. May. 1-5.. Yucatan,. Progreso,. to. Veracruz,. Veracruz. (enroute. by. steamer). ". 6.. Leaving Nelson. in. Veracruz, Goldman proceeded to Jalapa. (rail).. " 7.. " 9.. ". ". Jalapa to Teocelo.. Teocelo to Jalapa.. II.. Jalapa to Carrizal.. 15.. Carrizal to Veracruz, where Goldman rejoined Nelson. Nelson and Goldman took steamer from Veracruz to York.. " 17.. New. TAMAULIPAS Dec.. 18.. Goldman, returning to the rived at. field. from Washington, D. C, ar-. Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas.. IQ02 Jan.. 1-3. 30 Feb.. I. 4 13 15. Nuevo Laredo to Camargo (enroute by stage). Camargo to San Miguel (end of railroad to Matamoros), San Miguel to Matamoros (rail). Goldman rejoined by Nelson at Matamoros. Matamoros to Bagdad. Bagdad to ranch part way to Matamoros..

WHOLE. V.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 26. VOL. II5. 1903 Jan.. 7.. Jan.. 10.. Ocotlan to. La Barca. (rail).. MICHOACAN La Barca,. Zamora, Michoacan. Jalisco, to. (rail).. JALISCO Jan.. 21.. Zamora, Michoacan, to La Barca, Jalisco. (rail).. MICHOACAN Jan, ". Feb. " ". Mar.. 23. 27. 5.. 20.. Los Reyes. 23.. Periban to camp on upper slope of Cerro de Tancitaro, Cerro de Tancitaro to Cirosto. Cirosto to Uruapan. Uruapan southerly to ranch of Las Pilas. Las Pilas to La Salada (group of ranches). La Salada, 22 miles southeasterly, to ranch of El Zapote,. 3.. " 4.. ". 8.. " 9.. " ". ". La Barca, Jalisco, to Zamora, Michoacan. Zamora to Patamban (new pack outfit). Patamban to Los Reyes,. 24.. 27.. 29.. to Periban.. El Zapote, 8 miles southeasterly to Hacienda de Agua Blanca, near the Volcan de Jorullo. Agua Blanca, southeast 30 miles to ranch of Guadalupe.. GUERRERO Mar.. 30.. ". 31,. Apr,. 3.. " 5.. ". 6.. " 7,. " " ". " " ". II,. La Union to La Lagunilla, La Lagunilla, 25 miles to Zihuatanejo, Zihuatanejo, 24 miles southerly along coast, to San Jeronimito,. San Jeronimito, 27 miles southerly along. 13.. Cayacal, southerly along coast, to Tamarindo.. 14,. coast, to Cayacal,. 3.. Tamarindo, 22 miles to Nuxco. Nuxco, 28 miles to San Jeronimo, San Jeronimo, 24 miles to Papayo. Papayo, southeasterly along coast, to Coyuca, Coyuca, 32 miles southeasterly, to Acapulco. Acapulco, 18 miles north, to Ejido Nuevo. Ejido Nuevo, 8 miles north, to Dos Arroyos,. 5.. Dos Arroyos, about. 6,. Camaron.) Nelson continued north and spent several days. 15. 16,. 23.. ". 24. 2.. " ". ". Paso de las Vacas. Paso de las Vacas, 18 miles south, to El Limon. El Limon, 16 miles southeast, to La Junta. La Junta, 9 miles to La Union,. 12.. ". May. Guadalupe, Michoacan, southward across the Rio Balsas to. 16. to. Coquillo. Goldman turned San Marcos near the. enroute to Chilpancingo. about 30 miles to. miles,. ;. (via. Alto del. at Acahuizotla,. southeast and rode coast..

WHOLE. VOL.. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. —GOLDMAN. 2/. 1903. May. 7.. " 8.. Rode from San Marcos about 35 miles (Goldman).. " 9.. " ". ". II.. 12. 13.. 15.. to. Copala. Southeasterly about 10 miles to village of Las Salinas near. photographed black people and their peculiar coast round houses and returned to near Copala (Goldman). Returned from near Copala to San Marcos (Goldman). Retraced trail, San Marcos to Coquillo (Goldman). Coquillo, north about 37 miles to Acahuizotla (Goldman). Goldman continued from Acahuizotla north about 22 miles, and rejoined Nelson at Chilpancingo. Chilpancingo, about 18 miles northerly, to ranch of Omilteme, in high mountains. the. ". easterly. ;. ". 25.. Omilteme. " ". 26.. Chilpancingo to Tixtla.. 27.. Tixtla to Chilpancingo.. 28. 29.. Chilpancingo, north 19 miles to Mezquititlan. Mezquititlan, about 33 miles north across Balsas River Valley. 30.. Xalitla, about 30 miles to Iguala. " ". to Chilpancingo.. to Xalitla. ". (pack and saddle animals. sold).. June. 2.. Iguala to Rio Balsas (rail).. MORELOS June. 4.. " 9.. Rio Balsas, Guerrero, to Puente de Ixtla, Morelos Puente de Ixtla to Tres Marias (rail).. (rail).. DISTRITO FEDERAL June. 13.. Tres Marias Morelos, to City of Mexico, Distrito Federal.. PUEBLA June " ". 15. 16,. 20.. City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, to Puebla, Puebia (rail). Puebla to Atlixco (rail). Atlixco to San Martin.. DISTRITO FEDERAL June. 21.. San Martin, Puebla,. to City of. Mexico, Distrito Federal.. JALISCO June 22-23.. City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, to. La. Barca, Jalisco (en-. route).. ". 24.. La Barca. ". 28.. Ocotlan to. La. 30.. La Barca,. Jalisco, to Irapuato,. to Ocotlan.. Barca.. GUANAJUATO June July. I.. Guanajuato.. Left Irapuato for Washington, D. C..

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 28. VOL. II5. DISTRITO FEDERAL 1904 Jan.. 17.. Returned from Washington, D. C, to Mexico City, Distrito Federal (Goldman).. VERACRUZ Jan. " ". ". Feb.. 20.. 21.. City of Mexico, Distrito Federal, Cordoba to Perez (rail).. 23.. Perez to Santa Lucrecia. 26.. Santa Lucrecia to Coatzacoalcos. Coatzacoalcos to Jaltipan.. I.. to Cordoba,. Veracruz. (rail).. (rail).. OAXACA Feb. ". 9.. 13.. ". 14-15.. ". 17-18.. ". 19.. Jaltipan, Veracruz, to Tehuantepec,. Oaxaca.. Tehuantepec to San Geronimo. San Geronimo to Chicapa (saddle horse purchased; baggage on hired ox cart). Chicapa to Ixhuatan. Ixhuatan to Tapanatepec, Oaxaca; side trip to Hacienda Santa Efigenia and return.. CHIAPAS Feb.. 20.. Tapanatepec, Oaxaca, to camp 12 miles on road to Tuxtla. 21.. Camp. Gutierrez, " ". Mar. ". to. Chiapas.. ranch of El Carrizal.. II.. El Carrizal to Tuxtla Gutierrez (enroute by ox cart). Tuxtla Gutierrez, 26 miles southeasterly, to ranch of El Faro,. 12.. enroute to San Bartolome (pack outfit). El Faro, 26 miles southeasterly, to Hacienda de San Antonio. 22-25.. (pack outfit). " ". 13.. 26.. San Antonio, 15 miles southeast, to San Bartolome. San Bartolome, about 20 miles northeasterly, to Canjob (pack outfit).. ". Apr. ". ". 27. 5.. 6. 8.. " 9.. " " ". May. 16.. 17.. cantan). Tierra Colorada, about 35 miles to Chiapa.. 27. 30. 4. 7.. ". ". ". El Carmen to San Cristobal (horseback). San Cristobal to El Carmen (horseback). El Carmen to Comitan.. Comitan to San Vicente (pack outfit). San Vicente to Comitan. Comitan to Canjob. Canjob to Comitan. Comitan to ranch of Yerba Buena, enroute to San Cristobal. Yerba Buena to El Carmen, near Teopisca. El Carmen to San Cristobal. San Cristobal, about 15 miles, to Tierra Colorada (via Zina-. 15.. " ". Canjob, about IS miles northeasterly, to Comitan (pack outfit). Comitan to ranch of El Carmen, near Teopisca (horseback).. 14. 15..

WHOLE.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 30. VOL. II5. BATA CALIFORNIA 1905. Mar. 30 to Apr.. 4.. Lerdo,. Colonia. Sonora,. to. east. base. Sierra. de. los. Cocopahs, Baja California, ascending Hardy River by boat (en route).. Apr.. 16.. East base Sierra de. los. Cocopahs up Hardy River to Volcano. Lake.. CALIFORNIA Apr.. 21.. ". 22.. Volcano Lake, Baja California, to Calexico, Calif, (wagon). Calexico to San Diego (Goldman rejoined by Nelson).. BAJA CALIFORNIA. May. 14.. San Diego,. Calif.,. to. Coronados. Islands,. Baja. California. (boat).. CALIFORNIA. May. 15.. Coronados Islands, Baja California,. to. San Diego,. Calif.. BAJA CALIFORNIA. May. 16.. 20.. 22. 23, 25. 31.. June. I.. 3. 5. 9.. San Diego, Calif., to Ensenada, Baja California, Ensenada to Todos Santos Islands. Todos Santos Islands to Ensenada. Ensenada, 28 miles south, to Santo Tomas. Santo Tomas to Ensenada. Ensenada to camp in canyon 20 miles east (pack Camp 20 miles east of Ensenada to La Huerta.. La Huerta, 18 miles northeasterly, Moved camp 8 miles northeasterly Hanson Laguna southwesterly to Cristo,. ID.. outfit).. to near ranch of to. El Rayo.. Hanson Laguna.. near village of Sangre de and southeastern border of San Rafael Valley.. San Rafael Valley, 22 miles. southeasterly, to. camp near base. of Cerro Colorado. 11.. Cerro Colorado, to water hole called La Posa, 6 miles east. 12.. La. 16.. Rancho. (via. Alamo).. Posa, 10 miles easterly, to Rancho Viejo. Viejo, 20 miles southeast, to Campbell cattle ranch, in. Trinidad Valley. 18.. Trinidad Valley, 16 miles east, to San Matias Pass. San Matias Pass to mouth of Canon de la Esperanza.. 19.. Caiion de la Esperanza, 12 miles to mouth of Cafion de la. 20.. Caiion de la Providencia, 30 miles east to San Felipe, on shore of Gulf of California.. 26.. San Felipe to Canon de la Providencia. Canon de la Providencia to Caiion de la Esperanza. Canon de la Esperanza to San Matias Pass. San Matias Pass to Campbell Ranch, in Trinidad Valley.. 17.. Providencia.. 27. 28.. 29..

WHOLE.

32. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. VOL. II5. 1905. Dry camp. to San Angel. San Angel to San Ignacio. San Ignacio, 21 miles easterl)'^, to La Cueva. La Cueva, 18 miles easterly, to Santa Rosalia. Santa Rosalia, 16 miles southeasterly, to San Bruno. San Bruno, 15 miles southerly, to Las Delicias.. Las Delicias southerly to Mulege. Mulege, 6 miles southwesterly, to Pozo San Rafael. Pozo San Rafael, 15 miles southerly, to El Potrero. El Potrero, about 20 miles, via Guajadomi, to Agua Grande. Agua Grande, 20 miles south, to Paso Colorado. Paso Colorado, 13 miles southerly, to La Purisima (via La Purisima Vieja). La Purisima to dry camp enroute to Comondii. Dry camp, 18 miles southward, to Comondu. Comondu, about 20 miles southwest, to ranch of El Batequi. EI Batequi, 10 miles southward, to Pozo Grande, near San Jorge.. Pozo Grande,. Dry camp, 20. to dry. camp south. of. Rancho Santo Domingo.. miles southward, to Matancita.. Matancita, 50 miles south, to Magdalena Island (sloop).. Magdalena Island across Magdalena Bay to Margarita Returned to Magdalena Island. Magdalena Island on return to Matancita.. Island.. Matancita, 16 miles southeasterly, to dry camp.. Dry camp,. 7 miles south, to ranch of Servatillo.. Servatillo,. 15. miles southeasterly, to ranch of. La Cruz on. Llano de Yrais. La Cruz to camp 26 miles southeast.. Camp Agua. 17.. 35 miles southeast to ranch of Agua Colorado. Colorado, about 28 miles to Cerro Colorado.. Cerro Colorado, 35 miles southeasterly, to ranch of Rodriguez, on shore of La Paz Bay. Rodriguez, around southern end of La Paz Bay, 22 miles, to. La Paz, La Paz, south San Pedro,. 18 miles, to. San Pedro.. 17 miles southerly, to Tres Pachitas.. Tres Pachitas, southerly 14 miles, to ranch of Valle Flojo. Valle Flojo, 22 miles, to Pescadero (via Todos Santos). Pescadero, 21 miles south, to ranch of El Cajoncito.. El Cajoncito, 20 miles southerly, to El Sacaton.. El Sacaton, southerly 15 miles, to Cape San Lucas.. Cape San Lucas, 23 miles northeast, to San Jose del Cabo. San Jose del Cabo, 8 miles northerly, to Santa Anita. Santa Anita, 18 miles northerly, to Miraflores. Miraflores, 13 miles northerly, to ranch of. San Bernardo,. San Bernardo.. 14 miles northerly, to ranch of El Sauz..

BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. WHOLE. GOLDMAN. 33. El Sauz, 8 miles northerly, to La Chuparosa.. La Chuparosa, a few La Laguna, 14 miles. miles northerly, to. La Laguna.. northerly, to El Taraiso.. El Taraiso, 18 miles northerly, to El Triunfo. El Triunfo, 30 miles northerly, to La Paz.. La Paz. to Espiritu. Santo Island (fishing boat).. Espiritu Santo Island to Ceralvo Island (fishing boat).. Ceralvo Island to. La Paz. La Paz.. Ensenada (enroute by steamer). Nelson left Ensenada and proceeded to San Diego to. launch). ;. Goldman proceeded. (gasolioie. 55 miles north to Cafion de. Cancio (stage).. CALIFORNIA Mar.. I.. Canon de Cancio, Baja man). End of joint Mexico.. California, to field. San Diego,. Calif.. (Gold-. work by Nelson and Goldman. in.











:. LOCALITIES VISITED BY NELSON MfiXICO. AND GUATEMALA,. AND GOLDMAN 1892. TO. IN. 1906. MEXICO AGUASCALIENTES Chicalote (6,i8o feet) July. i-y, iSp6.. :. — Chicalote. is. a station at 6,i8o feet on the railroad,. about 10 miles north of the city of Aguascalientes. The locality is at about the same altitude, on an extension of the plain, on which we. worked at Lagos, Jalisco, the general drainage, as there, being southward to the Rio de Santiago. To the east and west the plain slopes up slightly to the bases of scattered hills and isolated ranges that, toward the west,. especially. the general. level.. rise abruptly 1,500 to. The country. here,. 2,000 feet above. and throughout the. Aguascalientes, appears to be more arid than near Lagos. the difference in aspect may, however, be due to. Chicalote the surface soil. is. state of. Some. soil conditions.. of. Near. usually a dull reddish or brownish loam,. overlying a heavy calcareous substratum called tepetate.. Water. is. not so near the surface as at Lagos, and the vegetation, largely yuccas and cactuses, is more desertlike. Lower Austral Zone.. BAJA CALIFORNIA. Agua Dulce September. (2,200 feet) 8-p, 1905.. —Agua. Dulce. is. 30 miles southeast of San. On September 7 we good wagon road to the onyx mines at Onyx, located at 2,500 feet, on the edge of the low foothills skirting the mountains, which rise abruptly a little farther eastward toward the Gulf coast. The mines were being worked by a San Diego company. On Septemtraveled 11 miles easterly across the. Fernando.. plain on a. ber 8 trail. we. left the. wagon road. at. Onyx and. turned southward on a. across a low ridge and then over a gently rolling desert plain. for 8 miles to a water hole known as Agua Dulce, situated in the head of a rocky canyon that begins abruptly in the limestone bedrock of a little valley on the open plain.. Aguaje de San Esteban (1,200 feet): October y6, 1905. The Aguaje de San Esteban,. —. Esteban,. is. or Tinaja de. in the central section of the peninsula, about. San. 25 miles 35.

5. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 36. northwest of San Ignacio.. On. October. VOL. II. 5 the trail continued. from. Aguaje de Santa Ana southeasterly over the lava plateau, crossing several canyons and gradually swinging down toward its western border. About 10 miles from Santa Ana we came to a large rock tank, the Aguaje de San Esteban, at 1,200 feet, in the bottom of a small gulch only a few miles from the eastern border of the Vizcaino Desert. Here we collected the type specimen of Eutamias merriami meridionalis, the southern desert-inhabiting chipmunk, first noted near the old San Pablo Mission. Near this point also we saw the southernmost representatives along our route of the cirio (Idria columnaris) and the. first. northerly examples of the white-barked paloblanco. {Ly-. siloma Candida), which was abundant in the bottoms of the larger. canyons and became one of the more conspicuous trees in suitable locations along our route throughout the southern part of the peninsula. A few other plants, mainly tropical or subtropical species, not noted before, were. first. observed along the canyons in this vicinity.. Five miles beyond San Esteban, across an intervening lava mesa,. we. came to La Natividad, a large canyon in which water usually exists. The bottoms of the empty tanks were still damp, but no water could be found, and so we were forced to make another dry camp.. Aguaje de Santa Ana (3,400. feet). :. —. October 4-^, ipoj. Santa Ana, or Santana, was a cattle ranch about 30 miles northwest of San Ignacio. When we left San Pablo,. October 4, the trail turned southerly across the bench near the lower end of the water and then zigzagged directly up the steep canyon side. This brought us out on the top of a great lava plateau with a broad undulating surface rising toward the east, broken here and there by. and descending on the west to the Vizcaino Desert. is made up of horizontal beds of sandstone, capped by heavy beds of dark lava. The scanty soil supports only a thin growth of vegetation, as most of the surface is covered by an almost continuous layer, and in places deep beds, of loose fragments of lava, which give a desolate and forbidding aspect to the landscape. This exceedingly rocky plateau is cut by numerous shallow gulches and occasional deep canyons, all draining westerly into the desert. volcanic. hills,. This plateau country. Travel through this seemingly endless bed of shattered lava blocks. was very. difficult for. the mesa, crossing a. our animals.. number of. The. trail. wound. along the top of. the larger canyons, one of which. was. about 2,000 feet deep.. Seven miles southerly from San Pablo, on top of the undulating we reached a small house and. plateau, at an elevation of 3,400 feet,.

WHOLE. VOL.. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, MEXICO. corral with a large natural tank of water in the. GOLDMAN. 37. bottom of a lava-. bedded gulch nearby. This place, known as Santa Ana, is occupied as a cattle ranch part of the year, but it was vacant at the time of our visit. From the crest of a small ridge here an extended view, as far. and southeast over the top of the and peaks breaking its surface irregularly. To the west was a superb view over the Vizcaino Desert to the Sierra Pintada and Sierra Santa Clara, the salt beds at Ojo de Liebre, the old whaling location of Scammon Lagoon, and. as the eye could see, northwest. plateau,. showed. series of volcanic ridges. over the Pacific to the Isla de Cedros and other coastal islands.. Alamo. (3,400 feet). :. —. June 11-12, 1905. On June ii we left camp near Cerro Colorado, in San Rafael Valley, and traveled about 15 miles southeasterly along the wagon road through rolling hill country and, crossing a divide at about 4,500 feet, descended to Alamo, on the western end of an open plain, at an altitude of about 3,400 feet, close to the base of some low, abrupt, and barren rocky ridges. From Alamo the plain, which has a width of 6 to 15 miles, extends easterly about 20 miles to the west base of the southern end of the Sierra Juarez. It is bordered on the northern side by a series of low hills and on the southern side by low rounded ridges and mesas, which merge into the hills bordering Trinidad Valley. Most of the plain and adjoining hills are covered with a fairly abundant growth of junipers and. some pinyon pines. From Alamo we continued easterly in the afternoon along one of the several wood roads which radiate from the camp to La Posa, a muddy water hole on the plain, where we camped. The water hole was much frequented by cattle, and the stagnant water was very bad. Upper Sonoran Zone.. Arroyo de Leon. —near Pozo Luciano,. Baja CaHfornia.. ( = San Felipe Bay) (near sea level) June 20-25, ipoj. San F'elipe Bay is a slight indentation of the desert coast of the Gulf of California, east of the San Pedro Martir Mountains. The bay was reached after a long, hot day's travel, covering about 30 miles across the desert from the mouth of La Providencia Canyon. There was no trail, and we had only general directions for guidance to some water holes near the beach at San Felipe Bay, as neither of our two IMexican packers had ever been there. Our course lay directly across the broad valley or plain to the west base of the Sierra San Felipe, an outlying desert range of mountains, where we found traces of an old wagon road leading through Buena Vista Pass,. Bahia San Felipe. :. —.