Stephen Sanjaya Herman Student Date Approved by: Fuad Ughi, M.T

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By

Stephen Sanjaya Herman 14311054

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING –

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CONCENTRATION FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY EduTown BSD City

Tangerang 15339 Indonesia

August 2015

Revision after the Thesis Defense on 11^th August 2015

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Stephen Sanjaya Herman STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Stephen Sanjaya Herman

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Student Date

Approved by:

Fuad Ughi, M.T.

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Thesis Advisor Date

Herry Supriyanto, S.T.

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Thesis Co-Advisor Date

Dr. Dipl-Ing. Samuel P. Kusumocahyo

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Dean Date

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Stephen Sanjaya Herman ABSTRACT

DESIGNING OF LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HEATING ELEMENT OF THE BABY INCUBATOR

By

Stephen Sanjaya Herman Fuad Ughi, M.T.

Herry Supriyanto, S.T.

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

Baby incubator is one of the most important devices to sustain the temperature of a newborn baby, especially the premature baby. Premature babies are weaker at regulating their body temperature due to the lack of brown fat in their tissues. By using baby incubator the body temperature can be maintained easily, however a certain control system is needed to prevent hypothermia or hyperthermia. By using temperature sensor, the temperature can be measured accurately and this information can be used to regulate the output of the heater. Using Arduino and triac, linear control system can be achieved instead of on-off control system and thus preserving the lifetime of the component. To prevent overheating, the system is set so that it will automatically shut-off the power after target has been exceeded and 2.5cm hole is used to let the heat loose. Calibration of the sensor resulted in the accuracy of more than 99%. The power that will be dissipated is controlled linearly whenever the temperature difference is less than 1⁰C.

Keywords: Incubator, AC Phase Control , Temperature, Triac, Arduino

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Stephen Sanjaya Herman DEDICATION

I dedicate this work to God and also to all the people who contribute in this cause

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Stephen Sanjaya Herman ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Author wish to thank Gods for all the blessing and direction He gave to help me finish this thesis

A huge gratitude for my family who support me in the making of this thesis

Thank you Fuad Ughi M.T as my advisor for all the guidance, advice and patience during the making of this thesis, I am honored to have you as my advisor

Thank you Herry Supriyanto S.T as my co-advisor for all the ideas and advice on the making of this incubator

Thank you to all the lecturers of Life Sciences for all the knowledge you share during these 4 years including Dr. rer. Nat. Maruli Pandjaitan as the head of biomedical engineering department and Pak Agung as the FAO for the Life Sciences Faculty Special thanks for all the member of BME batch 2011 for the fun years we had during our times in SGU. I will always cherish every moments we had, may all of us have a great success in the future.

Thank you also for all the staff of SGU and my senior for all the help and advice including Mr. Tabligh Permana for helping me with a lot of things and Megantara- Senpai for the tutorial regarding basic electronic instrument and also the games you gave me to relieve my boredom.

A lot of thanks for all of my friends in SGU from all department who help me with a lot of small yet meaningful things.

Thank you my juniors for all the help you done during this period, especially that note about thermodynamics which help me understand my thesis better.

Thank you for the time we spent together which trigger a lot of change within me, I never really had a chance to thank you properly, you know who I am talking about.

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Stephen Sanjaya Herman source of motivation. Thank you for your help and being such a caring person as always.

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Stephen Sanjaya Herman TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR ... 2

ABSTRACT ... 3

DEDICATION ... 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... 8

LIST OF FIGURES ... 10

LIST OF TABLES ... 11

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ... 12

1.1 Background ... 12

1.2 Research Problems ... 13

1.3 Objectives ... 13

1.4 Significance of Study ... 14

1.5 Research Question ... 14

1.6 Hypothesis ... 14

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW ... 15

2.1 Premature Baby ... 15

2.2 Baby incubator ... 16

2.3 Heating Element ... 17

2.4 Temperature Sensor ... 17

2.5 Triac ... 17

2.6 Fuzzy Logic ... 19

2.7 Arduino Microcontroller ... 19

CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODS ... 21

3.1 Design Justification ... 21

3.2 Components of design ... 22

CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 35

4.1 Prototype Design ... 35

4.2 AC Phase Control ... 36

4.3 Temperature Sensor Testing ... 37

4.4 Incubator Performance Testing ... 40

4.5 Incubator Prototype-2 ... 46

CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 51

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5.2 Future Recommendation ... 51

GLOSSARY ... 52

REFERENCES ... 53

APPENDICES ... 55

Appendix 1: 4N25Datasheet ... 55

Appendix 2: MOC3020 Datasheet ... 61

Appendix 3: BT137 Datasheet ... 66

CURRICULUM VITAE ... 67