According to Epictetus, the ancient Greek philosopher, “it is not the thing that bothers people, but their perception of the thing” (“Daily Life Stress”, 20174). Stress in the workplace and in the collegiate environment is a growing psychosocial issue that affects an individual's performance and psychological and physiological well-being ("Daily Life Stress", 20174). Because the Filipino students in the study showed higher levels of stress than the Argentine students, they were considered to have a more positive psychological response to academic stressors than their counterparts.
An additional type of stress is acute stress, which matches a person's adrenaline secretion during the fight or flight response. The American Institute of Stress in New York conducted research into the impact of stress on employees in the United States, where 48%. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) report shows that three-quarters of people in the U.S.
In fact, a 1992 United Nations report labeled job stress “The 20th Century Disease,” and the World Health Organization subsequently called it a “Worldwide Epidemic” (Donaldson & . 17 Harris, 2016). According to the American Psychological Association website, the leading factors for stress in the United States are job pressure, money, health, relationships, poor nutrition, media overload, and lack of sleep (“Daily Life Stress,” 20174). An overwhelming 76% of the US population cited money and work as the primary cause of their stress and stress-related symptoms.
An individual responds to stress with a combination of psychological and physiological defenses, which may occur in the form of anxiety, often a response to situations that evoke fear (Gwinn et al., 1990). These significant feelings of anxiety and fear are known as anxiety disorders (Beck et al., 1999). Anxiety disorders are one of the most common and prevalent mental health problems in the United States, especially among college students ("Understanding the Facts of Anxiety and Depression Disorders is the First Step," 2016).
Conditions (NESARC), 15% of 2,188 college students surveyed nationally had been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (Pedrelli et al., 2014). In the same study, 4.2% of undergraduate students and 3.8% of graduate students tested positive for current panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (Eisenberg et al., 2007). Additionally, 18.4% of undergraduates and 14.1% of graduate students reported missing academic obligations in the past four weeks due to mental health.
Mental disorders are estimated to account for almost half of the total burden of disease for young adults in the United States (Eisenberg et al., 2007). Family discord is most often considered a maladaptive source of perfectionism in the work of Frost (1990) and Hewitt and Flett (1991). Because of the relationship between levels of family discord and perfectionism responses, the study concluded that adaptive perfectionists from adaptive perfectionist families foster better psychological outcomes (Yang et al., 2016).
Perfectionism,” published in Psychology in the Schools, confirms that the most successful people in any field are less likely to be perfectionists (Dahl, 2014).
METHODOLOGY Present Study
Perfectionists can be described as individuals who want to be perfect in all 31 Students and Perfectionism. Participants completed the respective scales of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale involving self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism as well as the 22 domains of life from the domain scale of the English version of the Perfectionism Questionnaire (PQ). Across samples, areas of work and studies were found to be most related to perfectionism.
Moreover, it turned out that most perfectionists were only perfectionistic in certain domains, and not across domains (Stoeber, 2009). With ambiguous findings related to perfectionism (especially across domains), more research is needed. It is hypothesized that 1) stress, perfectionism, and anxiety levels will be significantly associated with each other and 2) the relationship between stress and anxiety symptoms will be mediated by associated and anxiety symptoms. 2) The relationship between stress and anxiety symptoms will be mediated by perfectionism. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen, 1983) is a 10-item self-report measure that assesses the extent to which situations in a person's life are appraised as stressful.
Individual items are rated on a scale from 0 to 4 (0 never and 4 very often) according to the events that happened to the individual in the last month. According to the APA Stress in America survey, the PSS appears to be an effective stress assessment and has become one of the most widely used psychological instruments for measuring non-specific stress ("Stress in America Survey Methodology," . 2013). In this study, the total score on the PSS was used to examine perceived stress in 33 instruments measuring nonspecific stress (“Stress in America Survey Methodology”).
The anxiety subscale includes items mainly related to symptoms of physiological hyperarousal, panic sensations and fear. Items are rated on a scale of 0 to 3 (0 does not apply to me at all and 3 applies to me a lot or most of the time). I felt I was close to panic." The DASS-21 shows good internal consistency and test-retest reliability across all subscales (Dibajnia, 2015).
It is designed to explore motivational, interpersonal, and cognitive aspects of perfectionistic behavior related to mental and physical health problems, relationship problems, and achievement difficulties. 34 related mental and physical health problems, relationship problems, and achievement criticize my friends for the second best admission, "I have a hard time meeting other people." Participants then completed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire package, including a demographic questionnaire, perceived stress scale, Hewitt-Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale.
RESULTS Preliminary Analyses
The MPS was used in this study to assess the general level of perfectionism among college students. All analyzes were conducted in IBM SPSS for Windows, version 21.0 to test the associations between stress, anxiety, and perfectionism. Preliminary correlation analyzes of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale from the university sample are shown in Table 2.
Mediation analysis of moderation and regression through PROCESS for SPSS was used to test the relationship between the hypothesis that perfectionism using stress (as assessed by the PSS) as the independent variable and anxiety (as measured by the DASS) as the dependent variable would predict through the inclusion of perfectionism as.
DISCUSSION
Rather than relying solely on self-report data, researchers can give participants a task designed to elicit stress and, with this technique, display physiological symptoms of stress, such as increased heart rate. Although this is a study based on the college student population, the 150 participants obtained may not be representative of students in the United States as a whole or even the entire United States. The sample is consistent with the demographics and may be representative of college students in the United States as a whole or even those at the University of Mississippi, but the use of a more ethnically and demographically diverse sample would be especially helpful in future studies to best reflect the relationship between stress, anxiety and perfectionism among students.
Although this is a snapshot of the student's current functioning, a longitudinal assessment of the student's stress, anxiety, and perfectionistic tendencies could provide more information and opportunities to suggest causality. Despite these limitations, this study is the first to examine the relationship between stress and anxiety constructs in college students with perfectionism as a mediator. Investigating procrastination behavior and its impact on stress in college students would also be valuable in future studies.
39 rampant in a college setting, so students are particularly at risk of procrastination and intriguing and useful to examine the relationship of personality type with the constructs of stress and anxiety. An individual's characteristic way of behaving, feeling and thinking can be a strong predictor of stress experienced and can be responsible for the likelihood of perfectionistic, anxiety and procrastination tendencies in students. In an effort to identify components of stress in college students, it is imperative to continue research in this field of study by building on current literature.
In summary, the purpose of this study was to assess individual factors that may be related to the experience of stress in college students. The current study provides information on the need to recognize, inhibit, and ultimately eliminate the potential long-term negative effects of stress among college students. The results of the current study indicate that future research on the global epidemic of stress is essential in a college population.
Hostility/anger as a mediator between college students' emotion regulation abilities and symptoms of depression, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety. How adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism relate to positive and negative psychological functioning: testing a stress-mediation model in Black and White female college students. Exploring the relationship between discrepancies in perceptions of emotional performance among college students on self-esteem and psychological disorders.
