Study Comparison of the Foundation of the Pile with the Foundation of the East Timor Bidau Bridge from the Strength and Method of Implementation

(1)

You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially

51

Study Comparison of the Foundation of the Pile with the Foundation of the East Timor Bidau Bridge from the Strength and Method of Implementation

Bonifacio de O. Gusmão, Koespiadi

Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Study Program Narotama University Surabaya

[email protected], [email protected] Abstract

This final task is intended to examine the efficiency between the use of the Stake Pole foundation that will be replaced by the Eastern foundation of the Bidau Bridge project, Cristo Rei, Dili District. This research will compare to two constructions in terms of costs, implementation methods, tools used, and the difficulties faced in implementation. The foundation of the stake and the ground foundation is used if the depth of hard soil is found in the layer of soil relative to the inside, or if the depth of the foundation (DF) is in the following criteria: 1B ≤ Df ≤ 5B, while the foundation of the stake pole on the depth criteria (Df) ≥ 5B. The structure of this bridge uses a building structure over the PCI Girder with the longest span of 50 m. From the results of this study obtained:

the depth of the ground Foundation-8.5 m casted with concrete quality K350. Number of Eastern Foundations:

abutment: 8 pieces D 2 m, Pier 1:12 pieces D 2 m, Pier 2:15 fruit D 2 m. Nouman Dimensions: Abutment:

18x8x0, 6 m, upper reinforcement: principal = 180 D25-100, for = 45 D25-400, bottom reinforcement: Tree = 54 D25-150, for = 20 D25-400; Pier 1:1.6 x 18x0, the top reinforcement: Principal = 180 D25-100, for = 52 D25-400, bottom reinforcement: Tree = 130 D25-100, for = 33 D25-400; Pier 2:23x13x0, 6 m, upper reinforcement: Principal = 230 D25-100, for = 58 D25-400, bottom reinforcement: Tree = 130 D25-100, for = 33 D25-400. The tools used in the two implementation are almost the same: Excavator, dump truck, roller, water pump, concrete mixer, concrete pump, vibrator, dan crane.

Keywords :

Bidau Bridge, The Foundation of The Stake Pole, The Eastern Foundation.

1. Introduction

1.1. Research Background

Bridges are structures that cross the river, Bidau, or other conditions in the form of lower obstacles, allowing the vehicle, as well as pedestrians to pass smoothly and securely. Bridges as transportation infrastructure have the dominant benefits for traffic movements. Bridges are a generic term for construction that is constructed as a transport route across rivers, lakes, swamps, ravines and other obstacles. The importance of bridges in community life, nation and state can improve the defence and security of a country, when things are not desirable and can interfere with regional and national stability.

Timor-Leste is a developing country that needs maximum development to support the level of development of bridges in the areas between districts in providing transportation access for people living in rural areas. Therefore, bridge planning should be adjusted with the volume of traffic to be served, as well as meet the technical requirements in the implementation (The World Bank, 2008).

1.2. Formulation of problems

Based on the background above then the problem arises as follows:

1. How to compare the implementation method of the foundation of the stake pole with the eastern Foundation?

2. How is the comparison of equipment used and the level of difficulty between the foundation construction of the pile with the foundation?

3. How to compare the implementation method of the foundation of the stake pole with the Eastern Foundation in terms of strength?

2. Literature Review

The foundation of the building is the most important construction in a building. Because the foundation serves as "a holder of the whole burden (life and death) that is on it and the style of the outside". The foundation is part of a functioning structure that continues the burden toward the underlying support ground below. In any

(2)

52

structure, the burden that occurs either caused by weight alone or due to the load of the plan should be channeled into a layer of support in this case is the land that is under the structure. Reinforced concrete is the most suitable material as a foundation for reinforced concrete structures and steel buildings, bridges, towers, and other structures. The burden of the column working on this foundation must be spread to the surface of the land which is wide enough that the soil can carry the burden safely. If the press voltage exceeds the allowable pressure, then it can use the help of the stake to help carry the tension press on the wall and column.

To choose the Podasi need to be adjusted to the ground conditions in the field. There are several factors that need to be noticed among others; Building functions over the magnitude of the load, the ground state of Waku and the power of work.

The following is a table of differences regarding past research reviews and contributions to this research.

Table 1. of Past Research

No. Author Title Research results

1 Mayangsari, As’ad Munawir,

(2018)

Comparative analysis of the foundation of the pile with drill Pole Foundation on the project of the dental and oral

Hospital of Brawijaya University

In the process of the Drill Pole Foundation is faster than the pile, because the foundation of the drill pole requires only

157 pillars in comparison with the foundation of the stake that requires 330

pillars.

2 Titin Ferryana Sugesti, Niken Silmi Surjandari,

(2017)

Power comparison supports Minipile and Sumuran

Foundation using the Meyerhof, LCPC, and Aoki

and De Alencer methods

The comparison between the Minipile and the eastern foundations using the Meyerhof method, after a depth of 4 meters, there is a difference in the value

between the Minipile and the Eastern Foundation, i.e. the Eastern Foundation

Ø25 CM gives a result of 161.01 tons indicating the increase, while the minipile

Ø25 cm gives a result of 96.21 tons.

3 Agata Iwan Candra & F,

(2018)

Power Analysis study supporting pole Foundation on

building construction Lp3m Kadiri University

The use of different security numbers will result in different values of carrying capacity. Power value Single pole will result in more pole numbers. More than the power value A single high pole. 4. The number of stakes of the pile greatly affects the value of the group Pole's supporting power, the more the pile is used, the value of the group pole's support is increasingly greater and the safer to carry the burden of

buildings, but less economical than cost considerations.

4 Juniada

Pagehgiri (2015)

Analysis of the use of Mini Pile Foundation and Borpile

Foundation against the cost and implementation time of classroom development SMPN

10 Denpasar

From the results of the test of penetration 3 points in general can be described that

the condition of hard soil started to be detected by the Konus end of penetration start at the depth: the point of Penetration S. 1, the depth of the hard soil starts the

range-5.00 meters. The point of penetration s. 2, the depth of the hard soil

start range-5.50 meters penetration point S. 3, depth of the hard ground, ranging in

range-5.00 meters from the original ground surface with a Conus value has

reached above 200 kg/cm2

3. Research Method

The research method is a plot of thought in the analysis of methods of this study. To go to data in the research used techniques of direct observation, analysis and requesting data from the project. The purpose of the research to PHP difference of strength and implementation method needed to work on the foundation of the stake with the Eastern Foundation. The first stage of strength analysis is for each of the foundation's work, by

(3)

53

collecting the data in the form of the job, the volume of work and the implementation method used. The data is processed and analyzed so that there is a comparison of strengths and each implementation method. The second stage of time analysis for each of the foundation work, by collecting data on the volume of work, manpower ability, ability tools and implementation methods used. The data is processed and analyzed so that there is a comparison of strength between salted

3.1. Data Retrieval Techniques

In the identification of data needs, it is done to make any data that is needed as well as data collection that can be used as source. The data needed exists in the form of primary data and secondary data.

a. Primary Data

According to Sukarmad (2000) the primary source is the sources that provide direct data from the first hand and the primary data in the study in the form of the statements of the respondent. From UNU observation can be known condition of development project of Bidau Bridge.

The primary Data obtained include :

An interview by conducting a live interview of the parties involved in the implementation of the Bidau Bridge construction project.

b. Secondary Data

According to Sukarmad (2000) secondary data is a data that quotes from the source and acquired from the company in the form of company history, organizational structure, from the research results that have been done before.

3.2. Research location

This research venue was conducted in Bidau Bridge construction project located in Rua. Bidau, Suco Cristo rei, sub-Distrito Nain-Feto, Distrito Dili.

Figure 1. Location of Bidau Timor-Leste Bridge Google Map Source

4. Results of Research And Discussion

4.1. Data Collection

The important role in planning the ponfation structure of a building is loading, therefore it is necessary to be careful in the calculation. The capacity of the pole and decline power is a parameter of the magnitude of the load that the foundation can hold. Capacity studies supporting poles and declines are carried out with regard to soil investigation result data, axial load, pole dimension, distance between supporting data poles such as concrete quality and static method and dynamic method.

4.2. Planning Data

The data of the bridges are:

Bridge = 35m

Outer width = 7.5m

Foundation width = 8.2m

Floor width = 6.9m

Wide Sidewalk = 0.9 m (left and right)

Thick Plate = 0.2m

Plaque de trottoir épaisse = 0.3m

(4)

54 Thickness of asphalt coating = 0.05m

Concrete Quality = 25 Mpa

Steel quality = 240 Mp

Weight of building material volume = -

Reinforced concrete = 2500 Kg/cm²

Asphalt = 2200 Kg/cm²

Water = 1000 Kg/cm³

Table 2. Comparison of Both Constructions

No Comparison Pile Pitting

1.

Load

a. Abutments b. Pier 1 c. Pier 2

455,703 ton 604,893 ton 676,376 ton

455,703 ton 604,893 ton 676,376 ton 2. The power of each foundation 75,51 ton 88,53 ton 3.

Diameter a. Abutments

b. Pier 1 c. Pier 2

0,6 m 0,6 m 0,6 m

2 m 2 m 2 m

4. Depth 26 m 8,5 m

5.

Number of foundations a. Abutments

b. Pier 1 c. Pier 2

12 Fruit 18 Fruit 21 Fruit

8 Fruit 12 Fruit 15 Fruit

6. Thick Nouman 1,2 m 0,6 m

7.

U.S. Foundation line distance to as a) a. Abutments

b. Pier 1 c. Pier 2

1,5 m 1,5 m 1,5 m

5 m 5 m 5 m

8.

Reinforcement a. Abutments - Top

Fundamental reinforcement

Reinforcement for 43 D25-200 14 D25-200

180 D25-100 45 D25-400

9

- Under reinforcement A reinforcement point

For Pier 1 - Top

Fundamental reinforcement Reinforcement for - Under reinforcement

Basic reinforcement For

2x43 D25-200 2x14 D25-200

46 D25-200 22 D25-200

2x46 D25-200 2x22 D25-200

54 D25-150 20 D25-400

180 D25-100 52 D25-400

130 D25-100 33 D25-400

4.3. Comparative Analysis of The Cost of Working Pile Foundations and Foundation Piles The process of estimating the productivity and construction costs of the pole Foundation is tricky due to several factors, such as the invisible under-surface conditions, lack of contractor experience, project site planning, and the maintenance of pole foundation equipment, good or eastern.

(5)

55

Table 3. Cost Comparison Between The Foundation of The Stake Pole With The Eastern Foundation N

o

Pile Pitting

Description Volum

e Rp Description Volu

me Rp

1 Preparatory Work Preparatory Work

Location Cleanup Jobs

750 M³

3623248 .99

Location Cleanup

Jobs 1680 8116077

.73 Measurement Work 1.9872

M³

186871.

76 Measurement Work 1.987 2

186871.

76

Bouplank Installation Bouplank Installation

2 Earthwork Earthwork

Ordinary Ground Work

216.12 M³

3765076 .16

Common Earth Excavation Works 0-

1 M

769.7 5

1340999 1.57 Job Dreging Options 10.6

M³

668845.

38 Fill Job Options 21 1337690

.763

3 Concrete Work Ordinary Fill 194.1

1

9389339 .757 Concrete Work K250 1788.6

M³

1248434 605

Earthwork Jobs 0-2 M D2 M

377.7 8

1485707 5.82 Plain Reinforcement

Work

36918 M³

4722219 82.9

Earthwork Jobs 2-4 M D2 M

403.6 9

2095657 3.06 Flavor Work 3.7056

M³

47397.7 9859

Earthwork Jobs 4-6

M D2 M 345.4 2241344

7.12

4 Pile Work Earthwork Jobs 6-8

M D2 M 345.4 2694358

4 Supply Pile Of D600

Mm 2106 M 1596137

400

Earthwork Jobs 8-10

M D2 M 172.7 1573686

0.93 Construction Of The

D600 Mm Pile 2106 M 2445050

35.5 Concrete Work Test Pile Loading 2 Bh 3838170 Concrete Work K

350

1597.

48

1273384 390 Pile Cutting 27 Bh 1142799

.46

Concrete Work K 250

685.7 5

4918113 89.6 The Pile Connection 27 Bh 4279721

.31

Plain Reinforcement Work

13391 7.1

1712914 465

Scaffold Jobs 4.13 1194821 6.3 Casing Procurement 3 1860000

0 Casing Mounting 55 8663130

.076 Amount

= 3578851154

Amount

= 3650669104

So The Difference In Cost 71817949.96 4.4. Pros and Cons of The Foundation of The Pile and Eastern

Advantages of Stake Pole Foundation, among others:

a. Time takes faster.

b. Cost is spent cheaper than the eastern.

Meanwhile, the weakness, among others:

a. Mobilization of stake poles that require cost and time. The mast chosen is a pole with a length of 15 m, because it is difficult to find the pile of poles along the 14.25 m according to the depth of the hard ground. The mobilization is carried out from its manufacturing in Indonesia to Timor-Leste. The 15 meters pole requires a long truck so the management of its traffic must be cultivated in such a way that it remains smoothly and does not interfere with the surrounding environment.

b. For implementation methods, this alternative is less appropriate to the environment. This is due to sound and vibration during the erection. Therefore, can be selected type of hydraulic hammer equipment that sound and vibration is not very disturbing the environment.

(6)

56

c. Errors in the erection method can cause damage to the foundation, resulting in additional costs and execution time.

d. Depending on the supply of the plant, it must be ensured in advance the ability of the factory to supply the stake.

5.Conclusion

5.1. Conclusion

From the research comparison of the foundation of the pile with the ground foundation is reviewed in terms of strength, implementation methods and tools used can be concluded as follows:

1. From research concluded that suitable foundation is used on the BJ bridge. Habibie, Cristo Rei subdistrict, Dili District is the foundation of the stake pole. This is due to soil conditions in the area is sand of the cage.

2. In terms of implementation method there is a fundamental difference is if the stake with the pile is replanted to the ground, while the Eastern Foundation is to be excavated.

3. In terms of difficulty, the implementation of the pitting foundation is more difficult. Because the excavation process allows the occurrence of water seam so that it needs a casing (iron plate 4x8 m thick 3 mm) that is useful to keep the shape of the bottom and hold the avalanche. Installation of casing is also useful to protect workers who are conducting soil.

4. In terms of tools-the tool used between the two implementation is almost the same ie; Excavator, dump truck, roller, water pump, concrete mixer, concrete pump, vibrator, and Crane. Difference only the use of drop hammer implementation on the stake that is not used in the implementation of the Surmuran Foundation.

5.2 Suggestions

After the research was completed the authors realized that the new author, that still need a lot of research, reference, and analysis about the implementation of the foundation work of the stake pole with the eastern Foundation.

1. At least the reference that supports the Eastern Foundation, so that the foundation formulas are difficult to find. It is necessary to reference more from the books of foreign publications.

2. No experience of the project implementation of the Foundation, making difficulties in analyzing the method of implementation of the Eastern Foundation.

3. In determining which structure is suitable in the implementation of a foundation construction, it is necessary to review and research on project land data, both penetration data and soil data with the SPT.

4. Also emphasized strength analysis, implementation methods, difficulties in implementation and, cost and analysis of other resources, so that it can support and beneficial to the next study.

References

Agata Iwan Candra, A. Y., & F, A. R. (2018). Power Analysis study supporting pole Foundation on building construction Lp3m Kadiri University. Jurnal CIVILLa, 03(02).

Juniada Pagehgiri. (2015). Analysis of the use of Mini Pile Foundation and Borpile Foundation against the cost and implementation time of classroom development SMPN 10 Denpasar. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Untag Surabaya, 08(01).

Mayangsari, As’ad Munawir, Y. Z. (2018). Comparative analysis of the foundation of the pile with drill Pole Foundation on the project of the dental and oral Hospital of Brawijaya University. UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA.

Sukarmad. (2000). Metode Penelitian Sosial. PT. Remadja Rosdakarya.

The World Bank. (2008). A Strategic Assessment of Spatial Planning Options for Papua Province. The World Bank Office.

Titin Ferryana Sugesti, Niken Silmi Surjandari, N. D. (2017). Power comparison supports Minipile and Sumuran Foundation using the Meyerhof, LCPC, and Aoki and De Alencer methods. E-Jurnal Matriks Teknik Sipil, 13(07).

(7)