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The Effect of the Utilization of Sokka Tile Waste as a Coard Aggregate and the Addition of Glass Fiber (Fiberglass) as a Mixed Material of Epoxy Resin on
the Compressive Strength of Polymer Concrete
Syafwandi, Fariza Putra Andiaji, Agyanata Tua Munthe, Agung Sumarno Faculty of Engineering, University Mercu Buana Jakarta, Indonesia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Abstrak
The effect of the utilization of sokka tile waste as a coard aggregate and the addition of glass fiber (fiberglass) as a mixed material of epoxy resin on the compressive strength of polymer concrete, Fariza Putra Andiaji, 41118210015, Prof. Dr. Ir. Drs. Syafwandi, M.Sc., 2021.This study of polymer concrete aims to determine the adhesive strength of the aggregate with epoxy and to determine the effect of the mechanical properties of polymer concrete by compressive strength test after adding fiberglass to polymer concrete.
This study of polymer concrete uses resin adhesives and fiberglass fibers, this study uses a compressive strength test of concrete by loading slowly with constant additions, about 2 to 4 kg/cm3 per second and testing the compressive strength of the maximum load given to the specimen divided by the geometric factor determined. appropriate to get the compressive strength value. The results of this study indicate that BPF30 polymer concrete with epoxy resin adhesive (content 30%) BPF30 has the highest compressive strength on day 28 of 42.4 Mpa, on BPF15 of 39.9 Mpa. Meanwhile, the normal concrete test was 39.4 MPa, so that all samples were classified as heavy concrete with high strength (high strength concrete).
Keywords:
Polymer concrete, epoxy resin, sokka tile, glass fiber, compressive testing.
1. Introduction
Epoxy resin or generally known in the market as epoxy material is one of the types of polymers derived from the thermoset group. Thermoset resins are liquid polymers that are converted into solid materials by cross-linking polymerization and also chemically, forming three-dimensional polymer chain formations. Its mechanical properties depend on the molecular units that form the dense network and the length of the crosslinks. Epoxy resins are widely used for composite materials in several structural parts, these resins are also used as packaging mixes, molding materials and adhesives.
Epoxy resin is very well used as a matrix in composites with glass fiber reinforcement. In concrete, the use of epoxy resin can speed up the drying process, because the epoxy generates heat, thereby helping accelerate hardening (Gemert et al., 2004). Polymer concrete is a composite material in which the entire adhesive consists of synthetic organic polymers. This composite is commonly known as resin concrete.tons of resin with a polymer matrix such as thermoset polymer and its mineral filler can be in the form of aggregate, gravel, and crushed stone (Ryanto, 2019). The advantages of polymer concrete include high strength, chemical and corrosion resistance, low water absorption and high compaction stability compared to conventional portland concrete. The hardening process in portland cement concrete to produce the best conditions is usually 28 days, while with polymer concrete it can be shortened to only a few hours. The addition of polymers in cement-free concrete is to improve the properties of concrete
1.1. Formulation Of Problem
1. How are the benefits of sokka tile waste in the substitution of coarse aggregate and the addition of glass fibers in the compressive strength of polymer concrete?
2. how much is the compressive strength of polymer concrete using a mixture of epoxy resin with levels of 30% and 20%, a catalyst (hardener), fine aggregate in the form of sand, the use of 10% sokka tile waste substitution (Fansuri et al., 2020). to the aggregate coarse stone in the form of gravel and the addition of glass fiber by 5% and 7.5%?
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1. This study aims to determine how the use of roof tiles and fiberglass are used as additives in polymer concrete.
2. This study aims to determine how the effect of glass fiber for coarse aggregate added and sokka roof tiles as a substitute for coarse aggregate, epoxy resin as a liquid polymer on the compressive strength of polymer concrete.
2. Literature Review
2.1. ConcreteConcrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water in the presence of air voids. The mixture of concrete-forming materials must be determined in such a way as to produce fresh concrete that is easy to work with, meets the design compressive strength after hardening and is quite economical (Struktur Beton, 1999)
1. Polymer Concrete
Polymer concrete is a composite material that uses a polymer as a binder to replace all or part of cement. Polymer concrete was introduced in the late 1950s and became popular in the 1970s for its use in repairing materials and precast concrete components. This product is known as synthetic resin concrete, or resin concrete, or plastic resin concrete (Ryanto, 2019).
2. Epoxy Resin
Epoxy resin is a polymer composite material that comes from the thermoset family which contains an epoxy group that is useful as a binder in countertops or floor coatings. The variety of uses for epoxy resins continues to grow and epoxy resins continue to be developed to suit industries and applications. In the field of glass fiber reinforced polymers in place (Alkhaly et al., 2021)
3. Sokka Rooftile
Tile is a cover of a building. The material contained in tile sokka is a mixture of silica and alumina, that is, the silica material is the same as the sand used in the concrete mixture. While the aluminum is a heat- resistant material. Tile craftsmen produce a lot of waste from tile fragments as a result of processing clay into roof tiles. Fractional waste that is not treated properly so that it is wasted in vain can pollute the environment. In addition to making tile waste as a concrete mixture, the use of this tile waste can also reduce environmental pollution (Fansuri et al., 2020).
4. Fiber glass
Fiberglass is molten glass drawn into thin fibers with a diameter of about 0.005 mm-0.01 mm. These fibers can be spun into cloth, which is then impregnated with liquid resin so that it becomes strong and resistant to corrosion (Megasari et al., 2016).
3. Research Methodology
The stages of this research will be presented in the form of a Flowchart as shown in Figure 1 below:
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Figure 1. Flowchart of Research Method
4. Test Result and Discussion
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54 4.1. Fine Agregate Test
The results of the fine aggregate test using SNI ASTM C136:2012 are as follows:
10. Fineness modulus = 2.38%
11. Moisture content of fine aggregate = 4.71%
12. Dry Specific Gravity (SSD) = 2.33gr 13. Apparent density = 2.42 gr
14. Water absorption = 2.66%
4.2. Coard Agregate Test
The results of the fine aggregate test using SNI ASTM C136:2012 are as follows:
1. Fineness modulus = 2.53%
2. Moisture content of fine aggregate = 3.63%
3. Dry Specific Gravity (SSD) = 2.21 gr 4. Apparent density = 2.23 gr
5. Water absorption = 1.02%
4.3. Sokka Rooftlie Test
The results of the fine aggregate test using SNI ASTM C136:2012 are as follows:
1. Bulk density = 1.375 Kg 2. Dry density = 1.415 Kg 3. Apparent density = 1.434 Kg 4. Water absorption = 3.06%
4.4. Resin Epoxy and Hardner Tesr
The specific gravity of Epoxy Resin and Hardener is shown in the following table 1:
Table 1 Specific Gravity of Resin Epoksy and Hardner
4.5. Calculations of Test Sample
Table 2. Ratio of Sample No Sample Type of
Resin
Ratio Pasta Polymer
& Sand (%)
Coard agregate (Krikil) (%)
Tile Waste Sokka (%)
Fiberglass Added of content (%)
total Sample
1 BPFG30(1) Epoksi 30:20 50 10 5 1
2 BPFG15(2) Epoksi 15:30 70 10 7.5 1
4.6. Compressive Strength Results
1. Normal Concrete Compressive Strength Result NO Name of Material
Volume of container test
Weght of sample test
Specific Gravity
Kg Kg
1 Resin Epoxy 0.001m 1.07 1070
2 Hardener 0.001m 0.934 934
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The compressive strength test of concrete was carried out using a cylindrical mold measuring 15 x 30 cm which consisted of two variations and each variation contained two samples and 2 normal concretes as a reference or control. In carrying out the compressive strength test, it is carried out after the finished concrete is cured (curring). The following are the results of the compressive strength test of concrete based on each variation:
Table 3. Normal Concrete Compressive Strength
No Concrete Age Of
Sample
Weight (Kg) Presure (Kn)
Compressive strength Concrete (Mpa)
Ratio Of Compressive strength concrete
1 Normal
7
11.55 398 22.53362
23.2
2 Normal 11.76 422 23.89243
3 Normal
14
10.99 346 19.58953
21.5
4 Normal 11.21 414 23.43949
5 Normal
21
12.09 623 35.27247
35.2
6 Normal 11.97 621 35.15924
7 Normal
28
10.97 697 39.46214
38.1
Figure 2 Grafic of Normal Concrete Compressive Strength
The standard range of normal concrete that has been made is at 37 Mpa strength of the concrete which is in the process of curing
2. BPFG30 Concrete
BPFG30 concrete is polymer concrete which has an epoxy resin content of 30% and has added material in the form of glass fiber (fiberglass) by 5% of the total weight of the concrete sample.
Norm
40.
al
0
35.
0
30.
0
25.
0
38.1
35.2
23.
2 21.
5
7 14 21
28
C o mp re ss ive st re n g th (MPa )
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Table 4. BPFG30 Concrete Compressive Strength
No Concrete Age Of
Sample
Weight (Kg) Presure (Kn)
Compressiv e strength Concrete
(Mpa)
Ratio Of Compressiv e
strength concrete
1 BPFG30 7 11.55 609 34.47983
34.1
2 BPFG30 11.93 597 33.80042
3 BPFG30 14 12.21 626 35.44232
35.9
4 BPFG30 11.3 643 36.40481
5 BPFG30 21 12.14 628 35.55556
35.9
6 BPFG30 12.5 639 36.17834
7 BPFG30 28 11.98 728 41.21727
41.7
8 BPFG30 12.97 746 42.23638
Figure 3 Grafic of BPFG30 Concrete Compressive Strength
Based on the results obtained, the addition of 5% glass fiber with an epoxy resin content of 30% has increased from the reference, namely normal concrete that has been made. The average increase is about 3.7 MPa compared to normal concrete that has been made. This happens because of the binding properties between the epoxy resin polymer and glass fiber (fiberglass).
3. BPFG15 Concrete
BPFG30 concrete is a polymer concrete that has an epoxy resin content of 15% and has added material in the form of glass fiber (fiberglass) of 7.5% of the total weight of the concrete sample.
Table 5. BPFG30 Concrete Compressive Strength
No Concrete Age Of
Sample
Weight (Kg) Presure (Kn)
Compressive strength Concrete
(Mpa)
Ratio Of Compressive
strength concrete
1 BPFG15
7
11.55 576 32.61146
32.3
2 BPFG15 11.93 565 31.98868
3 BPFG15
14
12.21 579 32.78132
33.3
4 BPFG15 11.3 596 33.74381
5 BPFG15
21
12.14 608 34.42321
34.2
6 BPFG15 12.5 599 33.91366
7 BPFG15
28 11.98 673 38.10333
38.8
BPFG 30
45.
0
41.
40. 7 0
35.
0
30.
0
34.
1
35.
9
35.
9
7 14 21
C o mp re ss ive st re n g th (MPa )
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Figure 4 Grafic of BPFG15 Concrete Compressive Strength
Based on the results obtained, the addition of 7.5% glass fiber with an epoxy resin content of 15%
has increased from the reference, namely normal concrete that has been made. The average increase is about 0.7 MPa compared to normal concrete that has been made. This happens because of the binding properties between the epoxy resin polymer and glass fiber (fiberglass).
4.7. Ratio of Combined Compressive Strength 1. Concrete of 7 days
Figure 5 Comparison Graph of Compressive Strength of Concrete 7 days
In the comparison of combined compressive strength on day 7, the highest average results in the BPFG30 concrete variation are 34.4 Mpa
2. Concrete of 14 days 40.
0
38.
0
36.
0 34.
34.
33. 2 32.3 3
7 14 21
28 Age of
Concrete
BPFG
15
Ratio Concrete 7 Days
40 30 20 10 0
34.1 Mpa 32.3 Mpa 23.2MPA
Normal BPFG30 BPFG15 Age Of Concrete
C o mp re ss ive st re n g th (MPa ) C o mp re ss ive st re n g th (MPa )
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Figure 6. Comparison Graph of Compressive Strength of Concrete 14 days
In the comparison of combined compressive strength on day 14, the highest average results in the BPFG30 concrete variation are 35.49Mpa
3. Concrete of 21 days
Figure 7. Comparison Graph of Compressive Strength of Concrete 21 days
In the comparison of combined compressive strength on day 21, the highest average results in the BPFG30 concrete variation are 35.4 Mpa Concrete of 28 days
Figure 8. Comparison Graph of Compressive Strength of Concrete 28 days
Ratio Concrete 14 Days
40 30 20 10
35.9 Mpa 33.3 Mpa 21.5Mpa
Normal BPFG30 BPFG15 Age Of Concrete
Ratio Concrete 21 Days
35.9 36 35.2Mpa 35
34.2 Mpa 34
33
Normal BPFG30 BPFG15 Age Of Concrete
Ratio Concrete 28 Days
41.7 Mpa
40 38.1
Mpa
a 38
Normal BPFG30 BPFG15 Age Of Concrete
C o mp re ss ive st re n g th (MPa )
C o mp re ss ive st re n g th (MPa )
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In the comparison of combined compressive strength on day 28, the highest average results in the BPFG30 concrete variation are 41.7 Mpa
4. Combined All Ages Test Concrete
Figure 9. Comparison Graph of Compressive Strength
5. Consclusion
Based on the results and analysis of the effect of substitution of coarse aggregate with sokka tile waste and the addition of glass fiber as an additive to polymer concrete, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. Based on the research results, the use of sokka tile waste as a substitute for coarse aggregate and the addition of glass fiber as an additive. The higher the epoxy resin content and the added glass fiber content in the polymer concrete mixture, the higher the compressive strength value of the polymer concrete due to the presence of glass fibers increasing the binding capacity and reducing the water absorption capacity of the polymer concrete.
2. Comparison between normal concrete with BPFG30 variation concrete and BPFG15 variation concrete on average has an increase. The highest increase experienced occurred in BPFG30 concrete on the 14th day with a ratio of 66.97%. The decrease in the comparison value in BPFG15 with a decrease in the comparison value of 2.9%
3. Based on the results of the study, the highest results were obtained from the variation of BPFG30 concrete at the age of 28 concrete with a compressive strength of 746 KN or 42 Mpa. And in this study, the lowest results were obtained, namely BPFG15 concrete aged 7 days due to the lack of epoxy resin material causing the bonding power between coarse aggregate and fine aggregate to be less than optimal.
Suggestion
Based on the results of observations and research, the suggestions that can be drawn from this research are as follows:
1. At the time of research, it is necessary to pay more attention to testing materials, testing additional materials, calculating mix design, curring control, and testing compressive strength, in order to obtain maximum results.
2. At the time of making the test material after mixing and when pounding it must be carried out according to the procedure so that the printed concrete does not have large pore cavities so that the resulting concrete does not experience porous, if there is porous in the concrete it will affect the results of the compressive strength of the concrete them.
At the time of curing, do not delay with other samples because it can reduce the value of the compressive 50.0
COMBINED CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
40.0 34.1Mpa 35.9 Mpa 35.9 Mpa
35.2 Mpa 38,.1 MPa
30.0 38.8 Mpa
20.0 32.3Mp2a3.2 Mp3a3.3 Mpa 34.2Mpa
21.5 Mpa Normal
BPFG3 0 10.0
BPFG1 0.0 5
7 14 21 28
Age Of Sample
C o mp re ss ive st re n g th (Mp a )
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Daftar Pustaka
Alkhaly, Y. R., Panondang, C. N., & Zulfahmi, Z. (2021). Kuat Tekan Beton Polimer Berbahan Abu Vulkanik Gunung Sinabung Dan Resin Epoksi. Teras Jurnal, 5(2).
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Beton, S. (1999). Stuktur Beton. Universitas Semarang.
Fansuri, S., Diana, A. I. N., & Deshariyanto, D. (2020). Pengaruh Pengganti Limbah Pecahan Genteng Sokka Dalam Pembuatan Beton Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton. Jurnal Ilmiah Mitsu, 8(2), 89–96.
Https://Doi.Org/10.24929/Ft.V8i2.983
Gemert, V., Czarnecki, L., Lukowski, P., & Krapen, E. (2004). Cement Concrete And Concrete-Polymer Composites. Brussels: Catholic Universiti Leuven.
Megasari, S. W., Yanti, G., & Zainuri, Z. (2016). Karakteristik Beton Dengan Penambahan Limbah Serat Nylon Dan Polimer Concrete. Siklus: Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 2(1), 24–33.
Ryanto, M. (2019). Kajian Beton Polimer Menggunakan Bahan Campuran Perekat Resin Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton Dengan Pengujian Kuat Tekan Beton. Techno-Socio Ekonomika, 12(1), 1–4.
Https://Doi.Org/10.32897/Techno.2019.12.1.1
