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AN ANALYSIS OF CLASSROOM INTERACTION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ENGLISH SUBJECT
(
A Study at Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Adabiah I Padang Academic Year 2014/2015)
Oleh Nelva Yusnita*)
Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumbar JL. Gunung Pangilun. No 1 Padang Sumatera Barat
Email: [email protected]
**) Belinda Analido, M.Pd and **) Hevriani Sevrika, M.Pd Staff Pengajar Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatra Barat
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh pentingnya interaksi antara guru dengan siswa dan antara siswa dengan siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar di SMA ADABIAH I Padang. Adapun penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara guru dengan siswa dan siswa dengan siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar dan bagaimana level performance interaksi tersebut dalam proses belajar mengajar bahasa inggris.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bermaksud untuk menganalisa interaksi antara guru dengan siswa dan antara siswa dengan siswa dalam belajar bahasa inggris. Penelitian ini ditujukan pada SMA ADABIAH I Padang, dimana partisipannya adalah kelas XI IPA.I. Jumlah partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 31 orang, yang terdiri dari 30 orang siswa dan satu orang guru yang mengajar dikelas tersebut. Dalam proses penelitian ini peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan menggunakan video dan observation checklistuntuk menemukan tipe-tipe interaksi yang ada dikelas dalam belajar mengajar bahasa inggris dan bagaimana level performance interaksi tersebut dalam proses belajar mengajar bahasa inggris. Untuk menambah imformasi peneliti juga menggunakan angket. Berdasarkan data yang didapatkan selama penelitian, penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat dua interaksi yang terjadi didalam kelas XI IPA I yaitu interaksi antara guru dengan siswa dan interaksi antara siswa dengan siswa dalam belajar bahasa inggris. Pada penelitian ini peneliti juga menemukan level performance interaksi antara guru dengan siswa yaitu basic level, proficient level,distinguished level (level terbagus/unggul), dan level performance siswa dengan siswa adalah proficient level (level bagus).
Key Words: Classroom interaction, Teaching and Learning English
*)Peneliti
**)Pembimbing
INTRODUCTION
Interaction is an action between two or more objects. In teaching learning, students do their learning activity but they also do another activity like playing and socializing with their friends. Interaction also important aspects in learning process because not only students get knowledge but also teacher gets feedback. Basically, learning process needs interaction by all of components in the classroom, like the teacher and the students.
Process of teaching and learning almost occurs
In the classroom. Classroom is the place for the teacher with students and between students in doing the teaching and learning process where the teacher does his/her duty in delivering the lesson to the students.
Classroom interaction is determined by how the teacher and students communicate each other. Meanwhile, the students receive the materials given by the teacher and when the students do the discussion in group, they discuss about the lesson. Both of them do
2 some activities that related to transferring and accepting knowledge, there is an interaction process in the classroom between teacher and students, between students, and others.Eersel (2011:41) states that one of interaction concerns teachers’ response to what students say. It means that, When the students give opinion, try to communicate with the teacher and the teacher shouldresponse what the students say to give some information or knowledge related with students need.Interactionbetween teacher and the students in teaching learning would be effective. According to Liu (2001:25), classroom interaction is a complicated phenomenon that can take various forms, such as teacher-student, student-student, teacher- student-student, and student-teacher- student.These interaction are important to improve students knowledge, if interaction that happen in the classroom run well, it would produce good interaction and the goal of the teaching and learning process can be achieved.
Classroom interaction in teaching and learning English subject is important for the teacher and the students because interaction in classroom conclude the students participations in learning process, communicate with the teacher and interact with their friends. If in teaching learning interaction between teachers and students and between studentsare not run well then the students cannot communicate well to the teacher and his/her friend. The goal of teaching and learning process would not be achieved.Besides, if in teaching learning interaction run well so the students can communicate well to the teacher, like the students can share their ideas each other. If the teacher and students can apply the classroom interaction as well as possible, they can make good interaction in the classroom.
Related to the pre-observation of the researcher in SMA Adabiah1 Padang, the reseacher saw the students and the teacher did the interaction each other in the classroom teaching and learning of English subject. In teaching learning the teacher explained about the material, the material about expression believe and disbelieve.
Example:
Teacher : Do you believe about your examination will be good?(initiation) Student : Yes, I believe that (responds)
Teacher : good (feedback)
Based on the example above, in the classroom interaction the teacher was speaker and the student as a listener. Interaction that happen whenthe speaker and the listener spoke each other or the speaker gave imformation to the listener. While the teacher built the interaction with the students, teacher got respons from the students. Meanwhile, if the teacher asked some questions to the students that related to the lesson, they would give the answer to the teacher. Whenteaching learning the teacher invite the students to practice the dialog about the expression believe and disbelieve in front of the class into pairs, before the students practice their performance, the teacher gave some minutes to discuss and prepare as well as possible.
From the explanation above, interaction in the classroom is very important in teaching learning of English subject. In the teaching learning, how the teaching-learning process run well also depends on the interaction between the teacher and the students. Therefore, understanding the interaction happening in the teaching learning is also very important.
CLASSROOM INTERACTION
Classroom interaction is an interaction that done between students and teacher in the classroom. Classroom interaction can be developed by applying different strategies for helping students to communicate. Interaction in the classroom not only focus both of teacher and the students but also student-students interaction, interaction between student should be run well. According to Kumplainen and Wray (2002:10),classroom interaction is formed from structure discorse pattern to dynamic teaching and learning conversation more typically found in everyday setting. It means that classroom interaction not only students interact or speak each other but also a
3 pattern of communication. It can be said that the interaction among teacher and the students and among students has a pattern that effect the classroom interaction .
Furthermore, Schultz (2003:40) states that classroom interactions which often involve several students speaking with each other and with their teacher, contributing constrasting viewpoints, contradicting each
other, or building on one another’s ideas, requires a different set of skills and knowledge. It means that, interaction is several students speaking each other, in the same situation to discuss about things, to change opinion each other, and get knowledge.
TYPES OF INTERACTION
In addition, Danielson (2007:66) explains that there are some elements of classroom interaction, these are teacher interaction with the student and student interaction with other student:
Table: 1 elements of classroom interaction
Element Level of performance
Unsatisfactory Basic Proficient Distinguished
Teacher interaction with the students
Teacher interaction with at least some students in negative demeaning,
sarcastic, or inapprpriate to the age or culture of the students. Students exhibit disrespect for the teacher.
Teacher students interaction are generally appropriate but may reflect occasional incontencies, favoritism, or disregard, for students cultures.
Students exhibit only minimal respect for the teacher
Teacher- students interaction are friendly and demonstrate general caring and respect such interaction are appropriate to the age and cultures of the students.
Students exhibit respect for the teacher.
Teacher
interaction with the students reflect genuine respect and caring for individual as well as group of students.
Students appear to trush the teacher sensitive imformation.
Student interaction with other students
Student interactions are characterized by conflict, sarcasm, or put downs.
Students do not demonstrate disrespect for one another
Students interactions are generally polite and respectful
Students demonstrate genuine caring for one another and one monitor another’s treatment of peers, correcting classmates respectfully when needed.
Based on the experts’ statement above, it could be inferenced that in teaching English there are some type of interaction in the classroom. These types of interaction are:
teacher-student interaction, learner-learner or student-student interaction. These types of interaction are important aspect in classroom interaction.
METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
In this research the researcher will use the descriptive reseacrh.In getting the data in this research, the researcher will need participant.Gay and Airasian (2000:139) state that participant collection is to identify participants who can provide information
4 about particular topic and setting being studiet which defines as participant who has given information that related to this research.Then the researcher uses purposive sampling technique. Gay and Airasian (2000:279) state that purposive sampling is technique of taking sample by choosing the sample in small participant and depending on the purpose of the research. In this research, the researcher only chooses the students at class XI.IPA.1 because from four session in class XI.IPA only one class that do the interaction in teaching learning of English subject, because this class is excellent class.
In this research, the researcher will specify the instrument and data collection through questionnaire,observation checklist and video recording.After collecting the data, researcher analyzes the data based on observation checklist and questionnaire.
According to Gay and Airasian (2009:239), there are four steps of analyzing data;
reading/memoing, describing, classifying and interpreting.
RESEARCH FINDING
1. Type of classroom interaction in teaching and learning of english subject at SMA Adabiah Padang
In this research, the researcher found two types of interaction in the classroom when teaching and learning of English subject.
Moreover, the result from the observation can be seen with the following description:
a. Teacher-students interaction
Actually, after the researcher observes in the classroom teaching and learning of english subject. The researcher found that teacher-students interaction are run well. In the classroom teaching and learning the teacher always get responds from the students related to the teacher ask. The teacher can explain the material more clearly, in order to make the students understand about the lesson.
b. Student-students interaction
Having observed in the classroom teaching and learning of english subject. The researcher found student-student interaction occur in the classroom, when the students presented
the material in front of the class then the other student can answer questions that are prepared by the group presentation.
The students speak each other and communicate in teaching and learning of English subject.
2. The aplication of classroom interaction related to the level performance in teaching and learning of english subject at SMA Adabiah Padang
Actually, after the researcher observes in the class XI IPA I at SMA ADABIAH I Padang. There are four of level performance classroom interaction in teaching and learning of English subject as follow: unsatisfactory, basic, proficient, distinguished.
a. Teacher-students interaction
Having observed the level performance of interaction among teacher-students in the classroom XI IPA.I there are three level that found by the researcher. Firstly, basic level, the teacher invite the students to speak English each other, and give some question that related to the material to the students. Secondly, proficient level, the teacher give motivation to the students when they answer question that given by the teacher. and the last, distinguished level, teacher walk around the class to help the students when they get difficult do the task. Teacher- students interaction run well. The teacher interact with the students friendly, the student can give responses for the teacher question and the student get feedback from the teacher. The students always pay attention to the teacher explanation about the lesson.
b. Student-students interaction
Having observed the level performance of interaction among student-students in the classroom XI IPA.I is proficient level,Student- student interaction happen when the teacher invites the students to do presentation in front of the class, the student communicate each other, talk each other and the students can answer some questions that were given by the group presentation and the student respect each other.
5 Interpretation
Based on the findings above, the researcher interpret about teacher-students interaction and student-students interaction.
These interaction are very important for the teacher and the students in teaching and learning. The teacher competence is good, it is proved that interaction that occur in XI IPA I are good, the teacher can handle the class in teaching and learning process, and the teacher are friendly with the students and students ability have variation there are very active and active.
In addition, during the research of the researcher found that how does the application of classroom interaction related to the level performance in teaching and learning of english subject. Level performance of teacher- students interaction there are three level, basic, proficient and distinguished level. The teacher are friendly, care, and the student pay attantion to the teacher explanation or students appear to trush the teacher imformation and the interaction run well. Level performance of student-student interaction are proficient level.
The students can communicate and interact each other in teaching learning process.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion
To collect the data based on the purposes in this research, the researcher have a conduct a research at SMA Adabiah I Padang.
The first of this research is to describes what are the types of classroom interaction in teaching and learning of English subject, and how does the aplication of classroom interaction related to the level performance in teaching and learning of english subject.
Moreover from theobservation checklist, questionnaire and video recording.
The researcher analyze it and found there are two types ofinteraction, these interaction are teacher-students interaction and student- students interaction.After observation, the researcher got the data related to the how does the aplication of classroom interaction related to the level performance in teaching and learning of English subject. For level performance of teacher-students interaction there are three level, basic, proficient and distinguished level. In the data, teacher-
students interaction are friendly, care, and the student respect in teaching and learning of English subject. For level performance of student-students interaction is proficient level.
In the data, student-student interaction can interact, speak each other and they are respect to other students.
Suggestion
After getting the research finding, researcher suggests that the teacher should help the student with other students. For example when the student perform in front of the class, the teacher should help other students to share idea,spelling English, answer question, and give suggestion for the student to respect other students. The teacher should guide them if they have mistakes. Teacher- students interaction and student-students interaction should also be cosidered when and for what they should used their interaction based on the indicators of classroom interaction.
REFERENCES
Danielson, Charlotte. 2007. Enchanching Professional Practice a Framework for Teaching. New York: The Association for Supervision and Curriculum.
Eersel, San Van. 2011.Towards Dialogue Teacher/ Student Interaction in Interreligious Communication. Berlin:
Waxmann Verlag GmbH.
Gay, L.R and Peter, Airasian. 2000.
Educational Research Competence for Analysis and Application . New Jersey : Prentice-Hall Company.
Kumpulainen, Kristina and David Wray.2002.
Classroom Interaction and Social Learning. New York: Idea Group Publishing.
Liu, jun. 2001. Asian students Classroom Communication Patterns in US.
Universities. New York:Greenwood Publishing Group.Inc
Schultz, Katherine. 2003. A Framework for Teaching Across Differences.
New York: Columbia University
