Table S1: Studies include in the review
Study Number Design Intervention Results
Hong et al, 2007 26 Cohort study Plain radiographs
versus ultrasound Radiography identified 54% of fractures,
ultrasonography identified 100%
Dogan et al, 2016 133 Cohort study Plain radiography
versus ultrasound Radiography identified fractures in 8.3% of patients, ultrasonography identified fractures in 17.3%
Sensitivity: 22.5%
Specificity: 83.1%
Tamada et al,
2017 63 Cohort study Ultrasound Single ultrasound:
Sensitivity: 75%
Specificity: 92.3%
Table S2: Patient demographics from include studies
Study Number Average Age Male:Female Inclusion Criteria Exclusion criteria Hong et al 26 9 years 8
months 21 : 5 Patients <18 years old Nasal trauma
Dogan et
al 133 7 years 5
months 87 : 46 Patients < 18 years
Isolated nasal trauma Open fractures GCS <15
Indication for CT Previous nasal fracture Tamada et
al 63 6 years 8
months 43 : 20 Clinical symptoms suggestive of nasal fracture.
No evidence of other facial fractures
Previous nasal fractures Nasal fracture already
diagnosed prior to enrolment Facial trauma involving other areas of the face
Table S3. The authors’ judgement of the risk of bias for each of the included trials, in key domains as set out in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews.
Hong et al
(2007) Dogan et al
(2017) Tamada et al
(2017) Random sequence generation High risk High risk High risk
Allocation concealment High risk High risk High risk
Blinding of participants and
personnel High risk High risk High risk
Blinding of outcome assessments High risk High risk High risk
Incomplete outcome data High risk Low risk Low risk
Selective Reporting High risk Low risk Low risk
