TABOO WORDS IN BLACK BOY NOVEL WRITTEN BY RICHARD WRIGHT Arindi Avisha Chaniago1, Armilia Riza2, Melati Theresia2
1Mahasiswa Program Studi Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat
2Dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini merupakan penganalisaan kata-kata tabu dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan pada pengujaran atau pengucapan pemain dalam novel Black Boy oleh Richard Wright. Kata tabu merupakan kata yang digunakan oleh masyarakat atau kalangan tertentu. Dalam situasi dan keadaan tertentu. Kata tabu dalam novel Black Boy digunakan oleh mayoritas kalangan orang berkulit hitam dan juga digunakan oleh kalangan kulit putih. Dalam novel ini kata tabu berhubungan dengan karakter dan juga jalan ceritanya. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut, kata-kata tabu dipilih sebagai topik utama dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini berusaha menyajikan jenis kata-kata tabu yang ditemukan dalam novel.
Data penelitian diambil dari novel Black Boy karya Richard Wright dengan menggunakan teori dari Batistella. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Metode ini menjelaskan serangkaian kata-kata tabu berdasarkan konteks dalam novel tersebut. Penelitian ini menganalisa jenis kata tabu berupa Epithet. Secara keseluruhan berjumlah 161 data, dengan pembagian rasis 46 data, etnik 49 data, 0 data dalam gender, one’s appearance 56 data dan disabilities 10 data. Selain itu tujuan menganalisa kata-kata tabu dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukan bahwa adakalanya kata tabu digunakan untuk menghibur, menggambarkan kedekatan dalam pertemanan, serta menunjukan emosional dalam kehidupan sehari-hari berdasarkan teori kekuasaan dan solidaritas.
Kata Kunci: Jenis kata tabu, Kata-kata tabu, Novel.
INTRODUCTION
The language has a function as a means of social integration and adaptation.
Language has important role in social control. Language can serve a communication controller so that, the people involved in the communication to understand each other. As an example of social control, language is used to introduce the idea which is used to make rules or laws in order to reach the regular social condition.
In relation to communication, language must have good ways to convey an idea or notion. Whether a person is good or not in communication can be seen from the way of their speech including the diction used and how the person uses the language.
People have to consider by the language that they used. Because different society, the language will be different to because they have a rule how to used language itself. It is supperted by Persel (1990) said that “a language is gaining a sense of rules underlying a society’s culture”.
The western culture has gread impact on Indonesian people. The impactcomes from western videos, internet, songs, TV program, movies,and novels.
However, novel gives impact to Indonesia.
In this ere, novel become easy to understand because english novel is presented by Indonesian version and it can make the reader easy to read it. The reader can get message and understand from the language of the novel that they read.
Futhermore, transfering information from western novel the reader have to understand how the language is used in there. Especially to understand taboo word that written in the novel. Because each country has different languages, people will also find taboo word in different ways.
Taboo words can bring about uneasiness, harm, and injury. Beside, people are supposed to avoid taboo which has vulgar sense. The researcher s interesred to in analysing novel espesially on taboo words.
The reseacher wants to know how taboo word used in Black Boy novel.
Black Boy novel written by Richard Wright, this novel is about Wright as Black Boy who lived in United States near 20th century. Wright experienced the racism practiced in America society, when discrimination, prejudice, and segregation were imposed in the society by white people toward black people.
There are many taboo word found in the novel. Begin from the society that used taboo word, such as children, street gang, drug user, man and woman. And the study about the function of taboo is not only to show about vulgarity but also many thing about its function. This is example of taboo word that used of charachter on Black Boy Novel.
The scrawny kitthen lingered, brushing itself against out legs, and meowing plaintively. “kill that damn thing!” my father exploded. “do anything, but get it away from here!”.
Explanation : Damn is kind of epithets in taboo, it was draw of condition of the kitten that father angry of.
That is the phenomenon of taboo word that found in black boy novel. Taboo is a wide phenomenon across the world and it has become so sensitive that the word taboo itself is a taboo. Words or sentences, even some topics, have the moment become so sensitive to talk about that . some taboo words and phrases have been used for so long that they at this point have become so frequent and widespread.
This is important to analyze about taboo word because it should be thaugh to the readers about taboo language. If the readers are thaugh about defenition of taboo words, they know how to response to people who used taboo words and decide when
them use it. Taboo words are now often accepted where they were never heard before, in many social group, among teenegers, street gangs, or woman.
Moreover, as a new speaker of English, speakers (writter) would worry about being embarrassed for saying the wrong thing at the wrong time. From the phenomena of language above, the reseacher is interested in conducting about taboo words.
RESEARCH METHOD
This reseach used a qualitative approach with descriptive design, since it involved the collection of data for the purpose of describing the existing condition. According to Vanderstoep and Johnson (2009:167) this method focuses on cultural, social, personal identity and its goal is more descriptive than predicive. It means that qualitative method can give complex detail about particular phenomena which are difficult to be expressed.
This research employed record information from the document to collect the data from Black Boy novel. According to Cresswell (2012 : 223) record information can take notes about the document, or if possible scanning text or word in that document. The reseacher uses this technique to categorize the types and functions of taboo words by writing them over the black boy novel. Meanwhile, the
process of collecting the data consisted of the following steps.
The first step was downloaded the transcript of black boy novel from sites that can allow to download or read black boy novel. This step was very important because it helped the researcher to get an accurate transcript. The second step was read the novel black boy. It was necessary to do because it was important to get the background knowledge of the story and the attitude of all the characters. The third step was re-read the novel and checking the accuracy of the text of the novel.
After finished the procedures of data collection, finally the raw data was been ready to be analyzed. The relation between data collection and data analysis was inseparable. It means that when the researcher collected the data, she actually had started conducting data analysis. This conducted by Cresswell (2009: 199) during data analysis the data will be organized cotegorically. Then the remaining steps of data analysis was described as follows:
1. Categorizing, after the data were collected, they were categorized. The data that have been collected would be transferred into categorization system which was drawn to a table presented as Table 1. The categorization is about the types and the functions of taboo words.
2. Classifying, The next step to do after the categorization system was done, then
putting the selected utterances containing taboo words as the raw data into the table.
3. Analyzing, after classification was finished, the data that collected was ready to be analyzed. The classified data in the table was analyzed to describe the type of the taboo words in the dialogues. Moreover, in this research, the data analysis employed quantitative method since it involved number to got the calculate of each phenomenon in the table.
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
After collecting the data from novel Black Boy and analyzing those taboo words in epithets and its parts on Battistella theory (2005) that used by character utterances in Black Boy novel written by Richard Wright.
This theory was used to answer the formulation of the problem in this research
“what parts of taboo epithes found in Black Boy novel written by Richard Wright ?”.
After clasifiying data, the researcher found 161 taboo word of epithets. In each kind like race 46 taboo word, ethnic 49 words, one’s appearance 56 words, and disabilities 10 words. Therefore, taboo words will be explained based on context and situation. The researcher will explain kind of epithets in taboo word that uttered in black boy novel.
In general, taboo words in Black Boy novel was used by black people in their sociality, parent with their childrend, and by
white people to black peolpe. Futhermore, using taboo word as power and solidarty can be seen when two people talking in different sittuation based on explanation in chapter II. This research saw parts of epithets in taboo words used by character in Black Boy Novel written by Richard Wright.
In the finding of the research, researcher found that only 4 parts of epithets used in Black Boy novel. The reseacher used theory from Batistella (2005) . Parts of epithets are race, ethnict, gender, one appearance and disabilities. The characters uttered that taboo words mainly of black people in their communication. The aim of using taboo words in Black Boy novel is to show how black people show their anger, and joking aroun their society. It can be accept in their society but can accept when white people said it to black people. It can be conclute that taboo in western can be accepted based on where they used to communication.
CONCLUSION
The researcher did a research to find out about the realization of what are the types used in Black Boy by Wright that can be seen as described below : There are 161 taboo words uttered by character in Black Boy novel with calculate of types are : 46 cases of race, 49 cases of ethnic, 56 cases of one’s appearance, and 10 cases of disabilities. One’s appearance type becomes the most frequently used tabo
words because it is consider as the most way to get interest of other used by people who have solidarity in that society. Moreover, Black Boy novel contains how black people do ther conversation in daily activity, taboo in America is commonly used by them to make a joke and to make their friendship more closer.
REFERENSI
Batistella, L Edwin. 2005. Bad Language : Are Some Words Better Than Others?. New York : Oxford University Press.
Vanderstoep, S. W and Johnson. 2009.
Research Method For Every Day Life : Blending Qualitative and Qualitative Approaches. San Fransisco : Wiley and Sons.
Cresswell, W John. 2009. Research Design:
Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. United State of America : University of Nebraska.
