TEACHING SPEAKING BY COMBINING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER WITH ROUND ROBIN STRATEGY
AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
PAPER
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment OF Requirement for Getting Strata One (S1) Degree
JAMIL PARDELINO NPM. 10040352
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION (STKIP) PGRI WEST SUMATERA
PADANG
2014
TEACHING SPEAKING BY COMBINING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER WITH ROUND ROBIN STRATEGY AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Oleh:
Jamil Pardelino*)
**)
Yelliza, MM.Pd
Staff Pengajar Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat ABSTRAKUntuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa dalam berbagai keterampilan, para guru dituntut untuk menerapkan penggabungan dua strategi yang tepat dalam proses belajar dan mengajar. Speaking merupakan salah satu dari empat skill ( Listening, Speaking, Reading, dan Writing ) dalam bahasa Inggris yang dipelajari di sekolah. Siswa dituntut untuk menguasai keempat keterampilan tersebut, namun siswa mengalami beberapa kesulitan dalam speaking.
Yaitu, dalam berbicara siswa menghadapi kesulitan menentukan grammar yang tepat, kata-kata yang sesuai, dan cara pengucapan yang benar. Kemudian, kesulitan siswa dalam speaking juga dipicu oleh guru yang tidak melibatkan siswa untuk berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris. Hal ini membuat siswa pasif di dalam kelas. Untuk itu, guru membutuhkan penggabungan strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam speaking. Dua diantara strategi yang dapat digabungkan tersebut adalah Numbered Heads Together dan Round Robin Strategy.
Dalam aplikasinya strategi ini diawali dengan siswa mempelajari dan memahami informasi lengkap tentang materi yang akan dipelajari, kemudian guru memberikan pertanyaan kepada siswa yang memiliki jawaban lebih dari satu.
Setelah itu, siswa diminta untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang mempunyai jawaban yang lebih dari satu. Setelah semua aktivitas dilakukan, siswa dibimbing untuk menyimpulkan inti dari topik pelajaran. Dengan cara ini, siswa dapat meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam speaking.
Key words : Speaking, Numbered Heads Together and Round Robin Strategy
*) Penulis
**) Pembimbing
Introduction
Delivering ideas to others people in a communication process can be done in spoken and written way. The spoken communication in English is called speaking. Speaking is an important skill that must be done by the people in well interaction with the other people. Especially in education field, the students must have good ability in speaking. Through the activity of speaking, the students are able to give and get information about something with others.
Then, the most important case in speaking, the students also express their ideas, opinions, comments, and suggestions orally. It seems that speaking is very important in people daily life. In school field, the students need to be able to speak English well. By doing the speaking, the students will express their ideas, thoughts, and information related to their lesson.
Review of Related Literature
Speaking is one of tool that use by the human to communicate each others. Harmer (2001:62) says that speaking is the ability to speak fluently purposes not only knowledge of language features, but also the ability to process information and language on the spot.
It was also supported by Richard and Renandya (2002:46), they state that speaking is oral communication that requires the ability to use the language appropriately in social interaction.
Then, Brown (2004:67) adds that speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing information.
Teaching Speaking
Teaching speaking is done for making the students are active in speaking class. Richards and Renandya (2002:46) explain that teaching speaking is an aspect that needs special attention and instruction.
Moreover, Nunan (2003:67) states that teaching speaking involved providing students with the components of the language, in hopes that they would eventually put them all together and speak.
In addition, Kayi (2006:93) adds that teaching speaking means to teach ESL learners to produce English sound, use word and sentence stress, intonation pattern, select appropriate word and sentence. In short, teaching speaking has a purpose to make students are able to speak in a second language.
Numbered Heads Together Strategy
There are some experts that state the definitions of Numbered Heads Together. According to Wallace and Davies (2010:93), Numbered Heads
Together is a strategy that activates the students’
thinking for giving their ideas in sharing activities.
Furthermore, Anderson (2010:31) state that Numbered Heads Together is a strategy which part of cooperative learning. It is a strategy that holds each student accountable for learning the material.
Students are placed in groups and each person is given a number (from a one to the maximum number in each group).
Moreover, Berry, et al (2012:27) add that Numbered Heads Together is a strategy that holds each student accountable for learning the material.
This promotes discussion and both individual and group accountability.
Procedure of Numbered Heads Together Strategy Anderson (2010:31) defines that the steps in applying the strategy in the classrooms as follow:
First, divide the students into groups of four and gave each one a number from one to four. Second, pose a question or a problem to the class. Third, have students gather to think about the question and to make sure everyone in their group understands and can give an answer. Then, ask the question and call out a number randomly. Finally, the students with that number raise their hands, and when called on, the student answers for his or her team.
Round Robin Strategy
In implementation of the strategy, there are some experts that mention some definitions of the strategy. According to Geyser (2007:67) Round Robin is a strategy that allows the students to share their ideas in an effective way of manner.
Furthermore, Alberta (2008:355) states that Round Robin is a strategy that has purpose behind this strategy is to provide students with an opportunity to share ideas, express opinions and create spoken text in a quick and efficient fashion.
Moreover, Berry et al (2012:24) mentions that Round Robin is a strategy that allows the students to contribute to the answer in peer discussion and also it gives the opportunities to force language output from all learners.
The Procedures of Round Robin Strategy
Berry et al (2012:24) mentions that the procedures of Round Robin strategy are: First, group students in groups of 3 or 4. Second, teacher poses a question/problem that has multiple answers or solutions. Third, in team, students each take turn to answer the question orally. Finally, in student’s answer has already been said, they acknowledge that
they have the same and to paraphrase it in their own words
Teaching Speaking by Combining Numbered Heads Together and Round Robin Strategy
The procedures are: Divide the students into groups of four and gave each one a number from one to four (Numbered Heads Together Strategy). Then, give a question or a problem which has an answer or a solution to the class (Numbered Heads Together Strategy). After that, call a number randomly for answering the question (Numbered Heads Together Strategy). After that, the teacher gives a question/problem that has multiple answers or solutions (Round Robin Strategy). Next, have students gather to think about the answer for the question and to make sure everyone in their group understands and can give an answer (Numbered Heads Together Strategy). And then, teacher gives the time to prepare the best answers for a question/problem that has multiple answers or solutions (Round Robin Strategy). Moreover, then the teacher asks the students to answer the question in turn (Numbered Heads Together Strategy). Finally, the students should acknowledge the same answer and paraphrase it in their own words (Round Robin Strategy).
Conclusion
The writer can conclude that the combination of Numbered Heads Together and Round Robin Strategy is suitable for teaching English, especially in speaking activity because it has several advantages. First of all, students become critical to social life around them because with the combination of Numbered Heads Together and Round Robin Strategy cam improve students’
speaking skill. Second, the combination of those strategies consist of some steps. Therefore, these
strategies make the students have enough skills in listening, speaking, and discussion. Third, the combined strategies are integrated because it involves not only the teaching of speaking skill but also vocabulary, listening, and pronunciation. Finally, the combination of Numbered Heads Together and Round Robin makes students have good skill in daily conversation because with the strategy there is the action step where the students should practice their oral abilty with his/ her friend in front of the class.
References
Brown, H. Douglas. 2004. Language Assessment:
Principles and Classroom Practice. New York: Pearson Education.
Harmer, Jeremy. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching. 3rd ed. China: Pearson Education
Kayi, Hayrie. 2006. Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote in Second Language. The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. XII, No. 11, November 2006. http://unr.edu/homepage/hayriyek
Nunan, David. 2003. Practical English Language Teaching. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies
Richards, Jack C and Willy A. Renandya. 2002.
Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
