The Members of the Cummittee
For the revised version of the “SOLAR TRAINING MANUAL”
Captain Fujio Kuroda Director General
Japan Maritime Students Scholarship Foundation
Cptain Kazuya Adachi Deputy General Manager, Seafarers’ Chamber, The Japanese Shipowners’ Association
Mr. Suguru Ogura Director, Disaster Prevention Training Department, Maritime Disaster Prevention Center
Mr. Tomonori Kosaka Executive Managing Director Japan Fisheries Association Mr. Makoto Suguro Former Shiper Inspector
Ministry of Transport of Japan
Mr. Masaru Mio Director, General Policy Departement, All, Japan Seamen’s Union
Mr. Koichi Yoshida Head of Fire Safety Dvision,
Research Institute of Marine Engineering
the Chairman of the Committee
As the. Observers of the Committee, the following were sent by Safety and Health Office, Labour Standards Division, Seafarers Department, Maritime Bureau, Ministry of Land, Insfrastructure and Transport of Japan
Mr. Kunio Yanagisawa Special Assistant to Director Mr. Kazuhisa Takahashi Assistant Manager
As the Secretariat of the Committee, the folowing were appointed by Association for Promoting safety and Sanitation for Seafarers.
Captain Koji Otani Senior Managing Director
Captain Kensuke Yuki Managing Director
Captain Tamotsu Tashiro Manager, Merchant Ship Section Captain Hiroshi Shinagawa Assistant to Managing Director
Captain Yuki Abe Safety Superintendet
3. Importance of Drills and Training
The Mariners’ Law Prescribes drills and training. Drills and Training ensure the following effects, and the more regularly they are practiced, the greater is the possibility of survival.
Drills and training Establishment of on-board organisation
Improvement of knowledge and technique The lines of command and orders are established, and role allotted to each person is clarified
Establishment of on-board organisation Effective and proper actions required in case of emercency are ensured
Eleation of Sklills
Conditions that connot be ascertained by a normal check are ascertained, and usual and effective availability can be maintained.
Mastery obtained through repeated training ensures effective and proper actions, even under unfavorable such as nighttime, heavy weather, lack of time, etc
4. Drills
The master required to post a Muster List shall periodically carry out drills according to the list shown below for crew and passengers.
In each drill, a word “drill” shall always be added to the orders.
Note: A specified high-speed craft is exemted.
List of Drills and Intervals
Type of Ship
Type of drills
1. Passenger ships
2. Ships other than passenger ships (Ocean- going), Greater coasting)
3.Fishing vessels Voyages
between domestic post
International voyage
Voyages between domestic post
Internationa l voyage
Large ocen- going fishing vessels (*3)
Fishing vessels other than
the left Fire station drill: Closing fire doors,
operating fire-fighting equipment.
Mustering crew
Once a month
Before departure, then once a week (*1)
Once a month (*1) Once a
month
Boat station drils and others
Swinging out or lowering an inflatable liferaft, and checking its equipments, mustering crew
Once a month
Before departure, then once a week (*1)
Once a month (*1) Once a
month Swinging out or lowering an
inflatable liferaft, and checking its equipment, mustering crew
Once a year Once every
two year Launching and navigating lifeboats
Mustering crew. (to be carried out for all lifeboats on board).
Once a year Once every
there months Once a year Once every theree months Once a year Starting and handling the engine of
a lifeboat. Using lighting equipment, mustering crew
Once a month
Before departure, then once a week (*1)
Once a month (*1) Once a
month Lifeboat drills: Launching and handling
a lifeboat, checking its equipment and stationing crew
Once a year Once every
three months Once a year Once every three months Once a year Flood prevention drill: landing closing
appliances such as waterlihjt doors.
Mustering crew
Once a month
Before departure, then once a week (*1)
Once a month (*1) Once a
month Emergency steering drill: Handling of
streering gear in an emergency,
mustering crew Once every three months
Passengers evacuation drill: Calling.
Making known the procedures, mustering crew.
Withing 24 hours afer embarkation of passengers (*2)
Within 24 hours after embarkation of passengers (*2)
*1 When crewmembers exceeding a quarter of the complement did not participate in this drill last time, the drill shall be carried out within 24 hours after the ship's departures.
*2 Except when it is very difficult to carry out the drill because of heavy weather or other reasons.
*3 Large ocean-going fishing vessels: Fishing vessels not less than 500 G/T operating in area A or B prescribed by the Enforcement Regulations of the in addition to the above drills, all ships are required to carry out the following operations.
In addition to the above drills, all ships are required to carry out the following operations.
oInspection and maintenance of escape routes and life-saving appliances:
……. Once a month oVisually inspecting launching devices
of lifeboats and rescue boats; Starting and going ahead/astern operation of diesel engine; Inspecting alarm signal devices:
……. Once a week. (However, for ships sailing in domestic areas and for fishing vessels than large ocean- going fishing vessels, diesel engines shall be inspected once a month
5 Onboard Instructions and Onboard Training
5-1 Onboard Instructions
The master of such a ship a that is required to post a Muster List shall carry out onboard instructions for crew in the use of the ship's life-saving appliances and fire- extinguishing systems, and in survival at sea, as well as instructions in fire safety and in their assigned duties fire-fighting work. These basic knowledge and fundamental skills are requirements that crew should have acquired at the beginner stage of a seaman, but they are required to be familiar with the respective arrangements actually loaded on board the ship practicably in detail after joining the ship.
5-2 Onboard Training
The master of such a ship that is required to post a Muster List shall carry out onboard training for crew in the use of the ship's life-saving appliances including survival craft equipment, and in the use of the ship's fire-extinguishing systems, as in the use of davit-launched liferaft and in their assigned duties of the fire-fighting work.
Even those crew having already acquired the knowledge and the skill about the ship's life-saving appliances and fire-extinguishing systems are required to gain matured experience in the ship's actual arrangements after joining the ship. Also, since the use of davit-launched liferafts differs from that of inflatable type rafts which are easy to inflate by being dropped into the water, the crew shall be especially trained to gain a full
understanding of and be thoroughly familiar with its operation together with the launching appliance.
Table of Onboard Instructions and Training, and the period of their Invtervals to be practiced
Passenger ships (as for the smooth water service ships, applied only to those engaging on specified service routes)
Ships engaging on coasting area and greater coasting area (except
passenger ships)
Fishing boats other than those engaging in fishing exclusively in coasting area Passenger ships
other than those which enganging on the routes between domestic ports
Passenger ships which engaging on only the routes between domestic ports
Onboard Instruction
The use of life saving and fire fighting appliances, and fire protection on board
Within two weeks after embarkation of crew
The use of life saving and fire fighting appliances (Note 1)
Survival at sea
Once a week Once a month Once a month One a month
Manning and assigned duties described on Muster List
Onboard Training
The use of life saving and fire fighting appliances
Within two weeks after embarkation of crew
The use of life raft
(Davit-launched type) Once every four months
Assigned fire drill
(Note 2) At a fixed period
Note:
1)
On board instruction shall be given within each period of two months (within each One month for those passenger ships of specified high-speed craft)2)
Means closing fire doors, shutting ventilation off, handling and operating fire extinguishing equipment and apparatus etc.5-3 (Ref.) "Emergency Training and Drills
" Prescribed in SOLAS 2000The foillowing are the contents of "Emergency Training and Drills" Prescribed in the Regulation 19. Part B. CHPTER II. SOLAS 2000 This regulation applies to those shlips engaging in national navigation should pay considerable attention to the items mentioned in this regulation when they are carrying out emergency training and drills.
Regulation 19 Emergency training and drills
1. This regulation applies to all ships.
2. Familiarity with safety installations and practice musters
2.1 Every crew member with assigned emergency duties shall be familiar with these duties before the voyage begins.
22 On a ship engaged on a voyage where passengers are scheduled to be on board for more than 24 h. musters of the passengers shall take place within 24 h after their embarkation. Passengers shall be instructed in the use of the lifejackets and the action to take in an emergency.
2.3 Whenever new passengers embark, a passenger safety briefing shall be given immediately before sailing, or immediately after sailing. The briefing shall include the instructions required by regulations 8.2 and 8.4. and shall be made by means of an announcement, in one or more languages likely to be understood by the passengers. The announcement shall be made on the ships public address system, or by other equivalent means likely to be heard at least by the passengers who have not yet heard it during the voyage. The briefing may be included in the muster required by paragraph 2.2 if the muster is held immediately upon departure. Information cards or posters or video programmes displayed on ships video displays may be used to supplement the briefing, but may not be used to replace the announcement.
3. Drills
3.1 Drills shall, as far as practicable, be conducted as if there were an actual emergency.
3.2 Every crew member shall participate in at least one abandon ship drill and one fire drill every month. The drills of the crew shall take place within 24 h of the ship leaving a port if more than 25% of the crew have not participated in abandon ship and fire drills on board that particular ship in the previous month.
When a ship enters service for the first time, after modification of a major character or when a new crew is engaged, these drills shall be held before sailing. The Administration may accept other arrangements that are at least equivalent for those classes of ships for which the is impracticable.
3.3 Abandon ship drill
3.3.1 Each abandon ship drill shall include:
1. Summoning of passengers and crew to muster stations with the alarm required by regulation 6.4.2 followed by drill announcement on the public address or other communication system and ensuring that they are made aware of the order to abandon ship;
2 Reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described in the muster list:
3 Checking the passengers and crew are suitably dressed;
4 Checking that lifejackets are correctly donned;
5 Lowering of at least one lifeboat after any necessary preparation for launching:
6 Starting and operating the lifeboat engine:
7 Operation of davits used for launching lirerafts;
8 a mock search and rescue of passengers trapped in their staterooms; and 9 instruction inn the use of radio life-saving appliances.
3.3.2 Different lifeboats shall, as far as practicable, be lowered in compliance with the requirements of paragraph 3.3.1.5 at successive drills.
3.3.3 Except as provided in paragraphs 3.3.4 and 3.3.5, each lifeboat shall be launched with its assigned operating crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water at least once every three months during an abandon ship drell.
3.3.4 Lowering into the water, rather than launching of a lifeboat arranged for free- fall launching, is acceptable where free-fall launching is impracticable provided the lifeboat is free-fall launched with its assigned operating crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water at least once every six months. However, in cases where it is impracticable, the Administration may extend this period to 12 months provided that arrangements are made for simulated launching which will take place at intervals of not more than six months.
3.3.5 The Administration may allow ships operating on short international voyages not to launch the lifeboats on one side if their berthing arrangements in port and their trading patterns do not permit launching of lifeboats on that side.
However, all such lifeboats shall be lowered at least once every three months and launched at least annually.
3.3.6 As far as is reasonable and practicable, rescue boats other than lifeboats which are also rescue boats, shall be launched each month with their assigned crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water. In all cases this requirement shall be complied with at least once every three months.
3.3.7 If lifeboat and rescue boat launching drills are carried out with the ship making headway. such drills shall, because of the dangers involved, be practised in sheltered waters only and under the supervision of an officer experienced in such drills.*
* Refer to the Guidelines on training for the purpose of launching lifeboats and rescue boats from ships making headway through the water adopted by the Organization by resolution A.624 (15)
3.3.8 If a ship is fitted with marine evacuation systems, drills shall include exercising of the procedures required for the deployment of such a system up to the point immediately preceding actual deployment of the system. This aspect of drills should be augmented by regular instruction using the on-board training aids required by regulation 35.4. Additionally, every system party member shall, as far as practicable, be further trained by participation in a full deployment of a similar system into water, either on board a ship or ashore, at intervals of not longer than two years, but in no case longer than three years.
This training can be associated with the deployments required by regulation 20.8.2.
3.3.9 Emergency lighting for mustering and abandonment shall be tested at each abandon ship drill.
3.4 Fire drills
3.4.1 Fire drills should be planned in such a way that due consideration is given to regular practice in the various emergencies that may occur depending on the type of ships and the cargo.
3.4.2 Each fire drill shall include:
1. reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described in the muster list required by regulation 8;
2 starting of a fire pump, ushing at least the two required jets of water to show that the system is in proper working order;
3 checking of fireman's outfit and other personal rescue equipment;
4 checking of relevant communication equipment;
5 checking the operation of watertight doors, fire doors, fire dampers and main inlets and out-lets of ventilation systems in the drill area; and
6 checking the necessary arrangements for subsequent abandoning of the ship.
3.4.3 The equipment used during drills shall immediately be brought back to its fully operational condition and any faults and defects discovered during the drills shall be remedied as soon as possible.
4 On-board training and instructions
4.1 On-board training in the use of the ship's life-saving appliances, including survival craft equipment, and in the use of the ship's fire-extinguishing appliances shall be given as soon as possible but not later than two weeks after a crew member joins the ship. However, if the crew member is on a regularly scheduled rotating assignment to the ship, such training shall be given not later than two weeks after the time of first joining the ship. Instructions in the use of the ship's fire- extinguishing appliances, life-saving appliances, and in survival at sea shall be given at the same interval as the drills. Individual instruction may cover different parts of the ship's life-saving and fire-extinguishing appliances, but all the ship's
life-saving and fire-extinguishing appliances shall be covered within any period of two months.
4.2 Every crew member shall be given instructions which shall include but not necessarily be limited to:
1. Operation and use of the ship's inflatable liferafts;
2 problems of hypothermia, first-aid treatment for hypothermia and other appropriate first-aid procedures;
3 special instructions necessary for use of the ship's life-saving appliances in severe weather and severe sea conditions; and
4 Operation and use of fire-extinguishing appliances.
4.3 On-board training in the use of davit-launched liferafts shall take place at intervals of not more than four months on every ship fitted with such appliances. Whenever practicable this shall include the inflation and lowering of a liferaft. This liferaft may be a special liferaft intended for training purposes only, which is not part of the ship's life-saving equipment; such a special liferaft shall be conspicuously marked.
5 Records
The date when musters are beld, details of abandon ship drills and fire drills, drills of other lifesaving appliances and on-board training shall be recorded in such log- book as may be prescribed by the Administration. If a full muster, drill or training session is not held at the appointed time, an entry shall be made in the log-book stating the circumstances and the extent of the muster, drill or training session held.
6 Muster List
6 - 1 Muster List
The Mariner's Law prescribes that the masters of those ships shown below shall provide the Muster List describing duties and manning of the crew in an emergency, and exhibit it at the appropriate places in the ship and also preseribes that the masters shall give the emergency training and drills to the crew and the passengers.
(1) Ships required to provide and exhibit a Muster List
(To call them "The ships required Muster List" hereafter)
1) Passenger ships (as for the smooth water service ships, the requirement applied only to the ships engaging on specified service routes)
2) Ships, other than passenger ships, which are engaging on ocean-going area and on greater coasting area
3) Specified fast boats (The ships required [High-Speed Craft Code] prescribed in SOLAS) Fishing vessels (except those exclusively operates in coasting area)
(2) Matters to be described in a Muster List 1) Manning
a) Closing water-tight doors and others, pumping water out, Preventing flooding
b) Closing fire doors and others, Shutting off ventilation. Operating fire protection system and appliance, and fire extinction work
c) Loading articles in the survival crafts. Lowering, launching and maneuvering them. Rescue work
d) Operating life-saving equipment and appliance
e) Mustering and guiding the passengers, checking that the passengers have donned their lifejackets suitably and other work to secure the passenger's safety
2) On-scene command and Sub on-scene command a) Water-proofing and fire-fighting
b) Works for survival crafts
c) Engine operation, radio communication, and handling search light of survival crafts
3) Signals etc.
a) Giving the order to Muster Station b) Mustering the passengers
c) Countermeasure for an emergency and assigning the passengers and crew to survival craft
d) Giving the order to Abandon Ship Station
e) Preparing detailed list of those articles which are to be loaded in survival crafts in case abandon ship of and
f) Assingning responsible officers for checking and maintaining life-saving appliances equipment, and fire-extinguishing and detecting apparatus
(3) Other matters to be implemented
1) The master of the passenger ship out of those ships required to post a Muster List shall determine a patrol system for prevention of fire.
2) The master shall keep the ship wate-rtight, and control the crew to observe his directions.
3) The master shall carry out monthly inspections and maintenane of escape routes, life facilities and doorways as well as life-saving appliances to be used in an emergency.
4) The master shall take a necessary measure to make every passenger widely known of the main point for evacuation, as well as the stowage locations and the wearing method of life-jackets by posting notices at conspicuous places to passengers.
5) The master of the ship required to post a Muster List shall arrange that manual concerning how to use life-saving appliances and the way for survival at sea are provided for the crew and passengers in the mess-room, the rest room and other proper places.
6) The shipowner, by taking the master's advice, shall determine an on-scene fire- fighting leader out of the crew suited to either of the following.
a) A licensed crew (except a small vessel operator).
b) A crew having completed the prescribed course of fire-fighting training.
6 - 2 Example of Muster List
Note: To call a liferaft “a raft” on example muster lists hereafter
