the monkeys of the macaca nemestrina group.

THE MONKEYS OF THE MACACA NEMESTRINA GROUP.

By,^TEKKiT S. Miller, Jr., Assidaut Curator, Dinsioii of Maiiuiiah.

The

United estates National

Museum

contains seventeen skins of

monkeys

of the Macaca"- nemestrina group, all l)ut oneof

them

^col-

lected and presented

by

Dr.

W.

L. Abbott. In thisseries are repre- sented no less than live well characterized species, one each

from

Sumatra, Borneo, the Pagi Islands, the

Malay

Peninsula,

and Chance

Island,

Mergui

Archipelago.

The

specimens

show

no individual variations worthyof special note or which tend in any

way

to connect the differentforms.

The

species

may

be distinguished as follows:

SYNOPSIS

OF THE MONKEYS OF THE MACACA NEMESTRINA GROUP.

Hairsofback, underpartss, arms, and legsindistinctly ornotaunulated; median and posterior area of back so dark that tiie blackisli tail forms nonoticeable contrast; buttocks not noticeably paler than sides and thighs; canines of males (so far asknown) excessivelyheavy.

A

dwarf animal with sknll of adult female (male not known) only 110 mm. in

greatest length M.pagensis,p. 557

Large animals withskull of female 130mm. or more in greatest length, thatof adultmale140-160mm.

Skull elongated, the zygomatic breadthscarcely<jr not greaterthandistance from lower rim oforbit tomostposteriorpointof occiput.

M. lu'DiestriiKi, p.556 Skull widened, thezygomatic breadthconsideralilygreaterthandistancefrom lower rimofor}>ittomostposteriorpointofocciput M. hroca, p.558 Hairsofback, underparts, arms,and. legs distinctlyaunulated; medianandposterior areaof backso little darkened that theblackish tail forms a conspicuous contrast; buttocks noticeably palerthansidesandthighs; canines ofmales notexcessivelyheavy.

A

noticeable contrastinlength betweenhairof sliouldersand neckand that ofback; leastdistancefromorbit tognathionscarcelygreaterthan widthof rostrum atbaseofzygomata M. insiddua, p. 560

Nonoticeable contrastin lengthbetween hairof shouldersand neck and that of back; least distancefrom orliit to gnathion conspicuously greater than widthofrostrumatbaseofzygomata ..M.adusta,p. 559

(iMacaca Lecepede, Tabl. Mamm., 1799, p. 4. Macacus Desmarest, Mammalogie,

I,1820, p. 63.

Proceedings U.S. National Museum,Vol.XXIX—No. 1436.

555

556 I'ROCEKDLSCS OF THE AATIOXAL MVSEUM.

vol. xxi.x.

MACACA NEMESTRINA

(Linnaeus).

1766. [»S'/»ua] nemestriau Linn.eis,Synt. Nat., I, 12tlied., p. 35 (»Sumatra).

1822. Simia carpolcgnsRaffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XIII, _p. 243 (Ben- coolen, Sumatra).

TypelocalIty.

—

Sumatra.

GeograpJi'iGdtxtrHxidon.

— So

far as is at present

known

this spe- cies isconfined to the island of Sumatra,

where

it appears to be ver}^

general!}^ distributed. •^

Generalc/taracters.

— A

large animal with greatest length of skull 130

mm.

or

more

infemales, 140-160nnn. inmales; zygomatic breadth of skull scarcely ornotgreater tiian distance

from

lower rim of ()rl)it

to mostposterior point of occiput; fur

nowhere

distinctly grizzled; a noticeable blackish median dorsal area.

Color.

—

General color a light, dull, russet or wood-brown, fading to ecru-drab on underparts and inner surface of limbs, and

becoming

blackishon crown, neck, and medianarea of back. Across shoulders the blackish and

brown

are distinctly mingled, though without pro- ducingany grizzled eti'ect.

Long

hairs beneath and in front of ear blackish attip. Tailsharply bicolor,"blackish above,dull ochraceous- buffbelow.

Hands

andfeetnotdarkei-than

arms

and legs.

Through-

out the

brown

area of theIjodyand limbs the furis ecru-drab beneath surface, this colorappearing

when

hairs ai'e disarranged, particularh' on sidesof body, on lowerhalf of ^legs, and on hairy portions of but- tocks, though

nowhere

producingcontrasted lighter areas.

Many

of thehairs on

arms

and legsare dark-tipped, but this is onl}' noticeable on close inspection.

Shull

and

teeth.

—

^{Skull (Plate}

^XV,

^{tig. 1)rather}elongate, thezygo- matic breadth about equal to distance

from

anterior rim of orbit to most posterior point of occiput, the least distance

from

orbit to gnathion distinctlygreater than breadth of rostrum at anterior base of zygomata; brain case low,the depth

from

posteriorpoint of frontal to lower edge of occipital condyle very noticeably less than width above posterior base of zygomata; palate

highW

arched. Canine teeth very large, the greatestdiameter ^{of the} upper tooth atalveolus about one and oiu'-half times length of

crown

of third moJar; cheek teeth not peculiarinform, but their size relatively

somewhat

lessthan in the otherspecies.

Measurements.

—

See tables, pages .5*)l-r)()2.

Specimensexamined.

—

Eight,

from

the followinglocalities:

Kateman

River,eastSumatra,4; TapanuliBay, west Sumatra,2; Tainissan Bay, west Sumatra, ^2.

NO.1436.

MA

CA CA

NEMESTRIX.

¹

MONKE

¹'S—

MILLER. 557

MACACA ^PAGENSIS

^Miller.

1903. Macacus pagensh Miller, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections,

XLV,

p. 61. November6, 1903.

Typelocality.

—

^{South Pagi Island, east Sumatra.}

Geographic distri/mtion.

—

This animal is probably confined to the Pagi Islands.

General characters.

—

^Like

^Macaca

nemestrina., but size

much

less (skull of female only 110

mm.

in greatest lenofth). and color

much

darker.

Color.

—

Dorsal surface

from

forehead to base of tail clear bister,

darker than thatof Ridgvvay, thedrab underfur appearingirregularly at surface

when

hair isdisarranged. Sides of body and inner surface of

arms

and legs isabella-color. Belly isabella-color, fading to light fawn-coloron chest and throat. Outer surface of

arms

light russet, that of legs dark isabella-color, except on thighs, which are mostly covered

by

an extension of the

brown

area of back.

A

similar but less extensive wash covers proximal half of upper arm. Sides of neck grayish cream-buli', in striking contrast with upper surface.

Cheeks

and chin

brown

like that of back, but not quite as dark.

Hands

andfeet dusky brownish. Tail sprinkled with isabella-colored hairs. "Callosities fleshy brown.

Palms

and soles light fleshy brown.'""

6'/?'^///.—

The

skull(Plate

XVIII,

tig. 2)^isvery

much

smallerthanthat ofa slightly

younger

femaleof

Macaca

neinestrina (Plate

XVIIl,

tig. 1)

from

Tapanuli Bay. Sumatra. Ingeneral form, however, the

two

do not appreciably differ.

The bony

palate ^is concave laterally (when viewed

from

below), but to a less degree than in the larger animal.

Its median line isnearly straight, and shows only a trace of the deep longitudinal concavity so conspicuous in

M.

neiiiestrlna in region between premolars. Audital bulla; alittle

more

swollen anterolater- allythanin

M.

nemestrina^butthischaracter

may

be purelyindividual.

Teeth as in

Macaca

neuiestrina^ but smaller throughout.

Measurements.

—

See tables, pages 561-562.

Specimensexandned.

— ^The

^{type ofthis species remains uni(|ue.}

Remarls.

— _Macaca

_{pagensis is a} well-marked insular species char- acterized

by

its small size and dark color.

The

peculiarities of the posteriormolars of the typeprove to beindividual only, asthey are exactly reproduced in

some

ofthe specimens of 31. neinestrina

now

at hand.

«Collector'anoteonlabel.

558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.

^vol.xxix.

MACACA BROCA,

new species.

1893. MacacusnemestriiiUK Hose, Mammals of Borneo, p. ^6. {NotSimianemes- trinaLinna3us.

)

Typespecimen.

—

^{Adult male(skinandskull)No.} |ff^^ United^States National

Museum.

Collected at

Hapagaya

River, northeast Borneo,

November

21, 1887,

by

C. F.

Adams.

Geographicdistrihutlon.

—

Borneo.

General c/iaracters.

—

^{Similar to} M.acaca nemestrina^ but skull so broadenedthatzygomatic breadthisconsiderably greaterthan distance

from

lower rim of orbit to

most

posteriorpoint of occiput.

Color.

— ^The

^{colorofthetypeis}

^much

^likethatof

^Macaca

nem^estrina, except that the

brown

areas have a dull, drabby cast. This dullness

may

be due to the fact that the specimen was brought

from Borneo

inanacid preservative Huid, which

may

have injured thecolor.

There

is nodistinct trace of annulation on anypartof the fur.

Dark

dorsal areawell developed, extending

from

forehead to base of tail. In his

'

Mammals

of

Borneo

^'

Mr.

Charles

Hose

describes the color of this animal as follows:

Thegeneralcolorisadecidedolive, tendinginsomeanimalstoIjrown,thevaria- tion in colorbeingduetotherelativedevelopmentoftheyellov^fandblackringson the hair. The rings occuron theexposed portionof the hair, the hidden partof

which isgray. Theuppersurfaceof the head, the mesial lineof the back,andthe upjiersurfaceof thetail nearits base aredeepbrownoreven blackish, moreespe- ciallyon-the head and over the hind quarters Theextremities pale toward the hands and feet, which are light olivebrown. Theoutsidesof the thighs have an olive-graytint. 8ome^animals, however, especiallythe fullygrown ones,arealmost uniformlycolored deep olive brown, excepton the l)lackish head and the middle line ofthe back. Thesides ofthefaceandtheundersurfacesgenerally are grayish, tendingto white, butonthesides ofthefacethe hairis washedwitha dark, almost blackishgray. Thefaceisnude,of aduskyflesh color, which is thetintalso per- vadingtheahnostnaked earsandthecallosities.

From

this it appears that there is

some

annulation of the hairs in certain regions, butthat it is slight andvariable. It is not presentto any noticeabledegree in any of the three skins that I have examined.

Skull

mid

teeth.

— The

skull differs conspicuously

from

that "of

Macaca

aeiiie>^ti'mainits

much

greaterrelativebreadthanddepth.

The

zygomaticbreadthisconspicuously greater thanthe distance

from

ante- riorrimof orl)itto mostposteriorpoint of occiput; the distance

from

orbit to gnathion is not noticeablv greater than width of rostrum at anterior base ofzygomata, and the depth of })rain case fi-om posterior point of frontal to loweredge of occipital condyle is nearly equal to width above posterior roots of zygomata. Palate broader and ^less highlyarchedthan in

N.

nemestrina. TeethasintheSumati'an animal, the canines similarly large.

MeasnTemenU. —

See tables, pages 561-562.

NO.1436.

MACACA NEMESTRINA MONKEYS— M

ILI.KR.

559

SpeciiiK'Hxe,i'(nnined.

—

^{Three,thetypein the rnited StatesNational}

Museum,

and

two

specimens in the British Museiun.

Reiinii'l's.

—This

species is readily distinguishable from

Macava

)ienu^st)-t)ia

by

its

much

broadened and deepened skull.

MACACA ADUSTA,

newspecies.

Ti/j>e specline')}.

—

^{Adult male (skin and skull). No. 124023,} United StatesNational

Museum.

CollectedatChampanii-.Tenasserim,

Decem-

ber 22, 1903, by Dr.

W;

L. Abbott. Orioinal number, 2929.

(reographiv dlsfr!hi(ti<nt.

— ^Malay

^{Peninsula. Limits of} rang'e un- known.

(Tenci'alcJKd-iU'ti'i'x.

—

^Like

^Macaca

neinedrhia, but withhairs ofback, underparts, arms, and leo-s distinctly annulated, median area of back very slightly darkened, and canines of males iiuich less enlarged;

leastdistance

from

orbit tognathion conspicuously greater thanwidth of rostrum at base of zygomata.

Color.

— The

groun<l color of neck, shoulders, anrl back is a ))rig-ht russet, everywhere distinctly speckled

by

blackish aiuuilationsabout 3

mm.

ⁱⁿ length, of whicli there are

from

threeto fiveto a hair,accord- ingas the fur is longer or shorter. Li lumbar region and on upper- most part of thighs the russet fades abruptly to a light ochraceous- buff, whichbecomes clearand unspeckled inareanearcallosities,form- inga noticeablecontrastwith surroundingparts.

Crown

blackish.

A

faint, narrow, blackish shadealong-middle of back. Tail as in

Macaca

nemestrma, l)ut its dark upper surface strongly contrasted with back.

Underparts a light, indefinite drabby gray, distinctly darkened and grizzled across belly.

Arms

and legs grizzled blackish and drabby grav, witha very slightsutfusion of russet, their color noticeably con- trasted with that of back. Feet and hands slightly darkerthan

arms

and Ieg"s.

SkvU and

teeth.

— The

skull (Plate

XIV,

^fig. 2) is lesselongate than thatof Afacaca nemestri'na, but not as widened as that of J/, hnn-a.

Bony

palate, less arched than in the

Sumatran

animal.

The

teeth differ

from

those of

Macaca

nernestrlna in the

much

less enlargement of the caninesin the male, thediameterof the uppertooth atalveolus being aboutequal tolength of

crown

of posteriormolar.

The

anterior lowerpremolar has the

same

peculiarity.

Meaiiiu'eraent^.

— For

measurements, see tables, pages 561-562.

Specimens examined.

—

^Four,

from

the following- localities in Tenas- .serim:

Red

Point, 1;

Champang,

2; TelokBesar, 1.

Proc.N.M.vol.xxix—05 37

560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.

vol.xxix.

MACACA INSULANA,

new species.

Ti/pe )^/)eei7nen.

—

Adult male (.skin and skull). No. 104441, United States National

Museum.

Collected on

Chance

Island,

Mergui

Archi- pelago,

January

1, 1900,by Dr.

W.

L. Abbott. Originalnumber, 199.

Generalcharacters.

—

^Like

^Nacaca

^{adusta^ butwithhairof shoulders}

noticeably longer than that of back; least distance

from

orbit to gnathion scarcely greater than width of rostrumat base of zygomata.

Color.

— ^The

^{color does not differ} appreciably

from

that of

Macaca

adusta^ except thatthe chest and belly are

more

heavily grizzled and thehands and feetare noticeably darker than the

arms and

legs.

Skull

and

teeth.

— ^The

^{skull differs}

^from

^{that of}

Macaca

adusta in smaller general size, relatively greater width, and in the shorter rostrum. In fact it suggests a miniature of the

Bornean M.

hroca.,

except that the rostrum is less broad anteriorly. Audital bulla^ less inflated than inany of the other forms. Teethas in 21. adaMct.

Measurements.

— For

measurements, see tables, pages 561-562.

Specimens examined.

—

^{Three, all}

from Chance

Island.

NO.1436. ^fACACA

NEMESTRIXA MONKEYS— MILLER. 561

^

562

FROL'EEDINGIS

OF THE

.\AT10i\AL

MUSEUM.

vol..XXIX.

Mandi-bulartooth row(alve-

oli).

NO.1436.

MACACA NEMESTRINA MONKEYS—MILLER. 563

EXPLANATION OF

PLATES.

Plate XIIL

(Greatly reduced.)

Fij. \. Macaca nemestrina (Linnanisi), male, Cat. No. ]2ol48, IT.S.N.M., Kateman

River, eastSumatra.

2. MacacaadustaMiller, type.

Pl.\te XIV.

(Greatly reduced.

)

Fig. L Macaca neuiestrina (Linnaeus), male, Oat. No. 123143, U.S.N.M., Kateman River, eastSumatra.

2. MacacaadustaMiller, type.

Plate XV.

(Two-thirds natural size.

)

Fitj. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linn;eus), male. Cat. No. 1231-13, U.S.N.M., Kateman River,eastSumatra.

2. MacacaadustaMiller, type.

Plate XVI.

(Two-thirds naturalsize.)

Fig. 1. Macaca. nemestrina (Linnaeus), male. Cat. No. 123143, U.S.N.M., Kateman River, eastSumatra.

2. MacacaadustaMiller, type.

PlateXVII.

(Two-thirds naturalsize.)

Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linnajus), male. Cat. No. 123143, U.S.N.M., Kateman River, eastSamatra.

2. MacacaadustaMiller, type.

Plate XVIIl.

(Two-thirdsnaturalsize.

)

Fig. 1. Macacanemestrina (Linn;eus), female, ('at. No. 114502, U.S.N.M., Tapanuli Bay, west Sumatra.

2. MacacajMgensisMiller, type.

Plate XIX.

(Two-thirds naturalsize.)

Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linnaeus), female,Cat. No. 114502, LT.S.N.M., Tapanuli Bay, westSumatra.

2. Macaca pagensis^WWer^, type.

Plate

XX.

(Two-thirds naturalsize.)

Fig. 1. Macaca nemestrina (Linnaeus), female, Cat. No. 114502, U.S.N.M., Tapanuli Bay, west Sumatra.

2. MacacapagensisM'lWer, type.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

1

PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XIII

Skins of Macaca nemestrina (1) and M. adusta (2) For explanation of platesee page563.

U. S. NATIONALMUSEUM

1

PROCEEDING, VOL. XXIX PL. XIV

Skins of Macaca nemestrina (1) and M. adusta (2).

For explanationofplateseepage 563.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XV

Skullsof Macaca nemestrina (1) and M. adusta (2).

For explanationofplateseepage 563.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XVI

Skullsof Macaca nemestrina (1) and M. adusta (2).

For explanation of plateseepage563.

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XVII

Skullsof Macaca nemestrina (1ⁱ and M. adusta (2).

For explanationofplateseepage563.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL XVIII

Skulls of Macaca nemestrina (1) and M. paqensis (2).

For explanation of plateseepage 563.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XIX

Skulls of Magaca nemestrina (1) and M. pagensis (2).

For explanation of plateseepage563.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIX PL. XX

Skullsof Macaca nemestrina(1) and M. paqensis (2).

For explanation of plateseepage563.