the relationship between emotional intelligence and

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EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT OF HOTEL EMPLOYEES IN JAKARTA WITH GENDER AS MODERATING VARIABLE

By

Matthew Michael Devian 11603006

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

HOTEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT Concentration FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND COMMUNICATION

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower

Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia

July 2020

Revision After Thesis Defense on 17^th of July 2020

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Matthew Michael Devian STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Matthew Michael Devian

_____________________________________________

Student Date

Approved by:

Margaretha Tiur Pasuria Lingga, SE., MM.

__________________________________________ ___

Thesis Advisor Date

Dr. Nila K. Hidayat, SE., MM.

_____________________________________________

Dean Date

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Matthew Michael Devian ABSTRACT

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT OF HOTEL EMPLOYEES IN JAKARTA WITH

GENDER AS MODERATING VARIABLE

By

Margaretha Tiur Pasuria Lingga, SE., MM.

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

In today’s business environment, emotional Intelligence plays a prominent role that managers and employees attempt to deal with the changes. It is quite clear after many researches that employees who possesses emotional intelligence skills, have a benefit in today’s competitive business world, aside from their technical and logical skills.

Besides, employees who are engaged could give more contribution to their companies because they are aware of their respective jobs and objectives. In addition, engaged employees will feel more enthusiast and dedicated in putting their companies forward.

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between emotional intelligence and employee engagement with gender as the moderating variable. The data for this research is obtained through questionnaires that were distributed to 153 hotel employees who are working in Jakarta. The data was analysed using SPSS. The result of this study revealed that there is a low but positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and employee engagement while gender as moderating variable does not moderate the relationship between emotional intelligence and employee engagement significantly.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Employee Engagement, Gender

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Matthew Michael Devian DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis work to my parents, advisor, lecturers, and friends.

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Matthew Michael Devian ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to convey my deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ for always blessing and guiding me throughout this thesis work. Next I would like to express my gratitude towards the people who continuously gave me support in conducting this thesis:

To Ms. Margaretha Tiur Pasuria Lingga, SE., MM., my thesis advisor, for advices, valuable comments and suggestions, guidance, and endless support. Your kindness will always be reminded and your knowledge will always be valued.

To my beloved parents, Daniel Arifyanto Abraham and Vianty Ruspandi, and the other members of my family for all the love, continuous supports, prayers, and encouragement which helped me in the completion of this thesis.

To SGU Alumni, kak Aripin, for helping me generously with the SPSS program and giving valuable insights and guidance regarding this thesis.

To my best friends, Aldy Febrian, Annisa Singgih, Baby Sakinah, Billy Azis, Billy Lie, Caroline Tania, Darryl Ramadhan, David Fernanda, Della Putri Arditya, Fidjria Lubana Salsabella, Jason Liuden, Lidya Lie, Nabila Rusadi, Nadea Antou, Natasya Edith, and Tangguh Alam who supported me in the completion of this thesis work.

To all HTM 2016 classmates and all the lecturers for four years of wonderful journey.

To all respondents, for the endless cooperation and support throughout the research process.

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Matthew Michael Devian TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR ... 2

ABSTRACT... 3

DEDICATION ... 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMEN TS ... 6

LIST OF FIGURES ... 11

LIST OF TABLES ... 12

CHAPTER 1 – IN TRODUCTION ... 14

1.1 Background ... 14

1.2 Research Problem ... 18

1.3 Research Questions ... 20

1.4 Research Objectives ... 20

1.5 Scope and Limitations... 20

1.6 Significance of Study ... 21

CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW ... 22

2.1 Framework of Thinking ... 22

2.2.1 Emotional Intelligence ... 24

2.2.1.1 Self- Awareness ... 25

2.2.1.2 Self-Management ... 25

2.2.1.3 Social Awareness ... 26

2.2.1.4 Relationship Management ... 27

2.2.2 Employee Engagement ... 28

2.2.3 Gender and Employee Engagement ... 29

2.3 Previous Studies ... 30

2.4 Study Differences... 37

2.5 Research Model... 37

2.6 Hypothesis... 38

CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODS ... 39

3.1 Type of Study... 39

3.2 Unit Analysis ... 40

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3.2.2 Unit Observation ... 40

3.3 Population and Sampling Method ... 41

3.3.1 Population ... 41

3.3.2 Sampling ... 41

3.3.3 Sampling Method ... 41

3.3.3.1 Non-Probability Sampling ... 41

3.3.3.2 Purposive Sampling ... 41

3.3.4 Sampling Size ... 42

3.4 Type of Study... 43

3.4.1 Type of Data... 43

3.4.1.1 Primary Data ... 43

3.4.1.2 Secondary Data ... 43

3.4.2 Data Collection Method ... 44

3.5 Questionnaire Structure... 44

3.6 Variable Operationalization ... 46

3.7 Data Processing Procedure... 52

3.7.1 Pre-Test ... 52

3.7.2 Validity... 53

3.7.3 Reliability... 53

3.7.4 Post–Test ... 54

3.8 Data Analysis Technique ... 55

3.8.1 Descriptive Data Analysis... 55

3.8.2 Classical Assumption Test ... 55

3.8.2.1 Normality Test ... 55

3.8.2.2 Heteroscedasticity Test ... 55

3.8.2.1 Linearity Test ... 56

3.8.3 Hypothesis Test... 56

3.8.3.1 F – Test... 56

3.8.3.2 T – Test ... 57

3.8.4 Correlation Test... 57

3.8.5 Simple Linear Regression ... 57

3.8.6 Moderated Regression Analysis ... 58

CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS... 59

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4.1.1 Gender ... 59

4.1.2 Age ... 60

4.2 Descriptive Data Analysis... 61

4.3 Pre-Test ... 61

4.3.1 Validity Test... 61

4.3.1.1 Emotional Intelligence ... 62

4.3.1.2 Employee Engagement ... 62

4.3.2 Reliability Test ... 62

4.4 Post-Test... 63

4.4.1 Validity Test... 63

4.4.2 Reliability Test ... 64

4.5 Classical Assumption Test ... 65

4.5.1 Normality Test ... 66

4.5.2 Heteroscedasticity Test ... 66

4.5.3 Linearity Test ... 67

4.6 Hypothesis Test... 68

4.6.1 Correlation Analysis ... 68

4.6.2 Simple Linear Regression ... 69

4.6.2.1 F-Test ... 69

4.6.2.2 T-Test ... 70

4.6.3 Moderated Regression Analysis ... 71

4.6.4 Coefficient Determination (Adjusted R Square)... 72

4.7 Discussion ... 75

4.7.1 Hypothesis 1... 75

4.7.2 Hypothesis 2... 75

CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ... 80

5.1 Conclusion ... 80

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5.2.1 Recommendation for Managerial Implications ... 81

5.2.2 Recommendation for Future Research... 82

GLOSSARY ... 83

REFERENCES ... 85

APPENDICES ... 97

Appendix 1 ... 97

Appendix 2 ... 106

CURRICULUM VITAE ... 117

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Matthew Michael Devian LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. 1 Tourism Sector Contribution to Indonesia GDP ... 14 Figure 1. 2 Employee Engagement in Asia ... 17 Figure 1. 3 Number of Employees Working in Accomodation Industry in Jakarta .... 19

Figure 2. 1 Framework of Thinking... 23

Figure 4. 1 Gender of Respondents... 59 Figure 4. 2 Age of Respondents... 60

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Matthew Michael Devian LIST OF TABLES

Table 2. 1 List of Previous Studies ... 36

Table 3. 1 Screening Q uestions... 45

Table 3. 2 Respondent Profile Questions... 46

Table 3. 3 Variable Operationalization ... 52

Table 3. 4 Pearson’s Correlation Table... 53

Table 3. 5 Cronbach’s Alpha Chart ... 54

Table 3. 6 MRA result guideline... 58

Table 4. 1 Descriptive Analysis of Variables Measured ... 61

Table 4. 2 Pre-Test: Validity Test Result of Emotional Intelligence ... 62

Table 4. 3 Pre-Test: Validity Test Result of Employee Engagement ... 62

Table 4. 4 Pre-Test: Reliability Test Result of Emotional Intelligence ... 63

Table 4. 5 Pre-Test: Reliability Test Result of Employee Engagement ... 63

Table 4. 6 Post-Test: Validity Test Result of Emotional Intelligence ... 64

Table 4. 7 Post-Test: Validity Test Result of Employee Engagement ... 64

Table 4. 8 Post-Test: Reliability Test Result of Emotional Intelligence ... 65

Table 4. 9 Post-Test: Reliability Test Result of Employee Engagement... 65

Table 4. 10 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Result ... 66

Table 4. 11 Heteroscedasticity Result of Emotional Intelligence ... 67

Table 4. 12 Linearity Test Result... 67

Table 4. 13 Correlation Analysis Result ... 68

Table 4. 14 ANOVA Table F-Test... 69

Table 4. 15 Coefficients Table T-Test ... 70

Table 4. 16 Coefficients Table MRA T-Test ... 71

Table 4. 17 MRA Model Summary Table ... 72

Table 4. 18 Model Summary Table of Emotional Intelligence ... 72

Table 4. 19 Model Summary Table of Self- Awareness... 73

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Matthew Michael Devian Table 4. 21 Model Summary Table of Self- Management ... 74 Table 4. 22 Model Summary Table of Relationship Management ... 74