TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS UNIVERSITAS KRISNADWIPAYANA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
ANGGOTA KELOMPOK:
1.Ilyasa naufal alqadr 2. MOH. Raihan 3. Dimas prabowo
History and Development of Industrial Engineering
Early Development
• Engineering and science have developed in parallel with complementarity.
• The focus of science is the development of basic knowledge, while engineering focuses on the application or application of knowledge.
General Activities of Engineering People
• Engineering people solve problems, so do math people;
• Technical people analyze, as well as statisticians and economists; and
• Engineering people design systems, do others too? What distinguishes engineering people is their attention in designing a sy
History of Industrial Engineering
• Industrial Engineering was born as a profession that was the result of the Industrial Revolution.
The driving factors are:
• The need for engineers who can plan, organize, and operate complex systems;
• The need to increase efficiency and effectiveness; and
• The need to develop a better management system.
People and their contributions Adam Smith
• Division of labor.
• The division of labor gives an increase in yield by a factor close to five times.
Charles Babbage
• Use of skilled and unskilled labor.
• The division of labor into smaller elements (subdividing task).
Eli Whitney
• The concept of manufacturing interchangeable parts.
• Design and construction of machines that do not require high skills.
Henry R. Towne
• Engineering people should also pay attention to profitability effects.
• Assumption of costs as uncontrollable needs.
Frederick W. Taylor
• "Scientific management" in the form of stages in designing and designing work with high efficiency.
• These stages are (1) analysis and method development; (2) reduce the time required;
and (3) create high productivity.
Formula: clear work – fixed time – firm method.
Industrial engineering can be traced back to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century. Some of the early practitioners of industrial engineering include:
• Samuel Colt, who pioneered the assembly line;
• Frederick Taylor, who introduced scientific management, and time-and-motion studies;
• Harrington Emerson, who described process improvement methods in his book, "The Twelve Principles of Efficiency";
• Henry Laurence Gantt, who developed the Gantt Chart for organizational management;
• Henry Ford, who applied the assembly line to the manufacture of cars; and
• Eliyahu M. Goldratt, who developed the Theory of Constraints (TOC), identifies the most significant limiting factor in a process – the "bottleneck" – and how to fix it until it is no longer an obstacle.
In its early days, industrial engineering was driven almost entirely by the motive of improving the efficiency and profitability of plant operations. Since then, the continuous invention and development of new machines and power sources has presented new challenges for industrial engineers to find new applications for these technologies and optimize their use to increase productivity.
Starting in the 1940s, the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) became an important part of industrial engineering. TQM emphasizes on ensuring and improving the quality of products and processes in every phase of operation. It has since been replaced by Six Sigma and the International Organization for Quality Standard ISO 9000 Standardization.
Definition of Industrial Engineering
"Industrial Engineering deals with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated human, material, equipment, and energy systems.
It draws on specialized knowledge and skills in the mathematical, physical and social
sciences along with principles and methods of analysis and engineering design to determine, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems" (Handbook of Industrial Engineering; Institute of Industrial Engineers) , Industrial Engineering and Press
Management, 1983, Page 207)
Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering that involves finding ways to make or do something better. Industrial engineers care about reducing production costs, increasing efficiency, improving the quality of products and services, ensuring the health and safety of workers, protecting the environment and complying with government regulations.
They "work to eliminate waste of time, money, materials, energy, and other commodities,"
according to the Institute of Industrial Engineers. For example, industrial engineers can work to streamline operating rooms, shorten roller-coaster lines, make assembly lines safer and more efficient, and speed up freight delivery.
Received Influence
• The influence of operational research, in the analytical approach of problem solving.
• The influence of computers, which is very helpful in system design.
• The emergence of the service industry, the expansion of the application of Industrial Engineering which is not limited to the invoice industry only.
Future Challenges
• The world has a limited amount of non-renewable natural resources.
• Another challenge is how to design a safe and reliable product.
• The involvement of political and legal issues in designing social systems is a major challenge that must also be faced.
What does an industrial engineer do?
Industrial engineers are engaged in all stages of production and processing. They may design a new facility from the ground up, or they may be responsible for upgrading, expanding or reconfiguring an existing facility.
They may be required to design new equipment or write specifications for equipment purchased from outside vendors and ensure that it meets those requirements. They may also need to reuse existing facilities and equipment, design new processes, and design new tools and equipment.
Increasingly, industrial engineers rely on computer-aided design (CAD) systems to design facilities and equipment. They also use computer modeling to simulate process flows and supply chains to maximize efficiency and minimize costs.
Where do industrial engineers work?
"Depending on their duties, industrial engineers work both in offices and in settings they are trying to improve. For example, when observing a problem, they might watch workers assembling components in a factory or staff performing their duties in a hospital. When troubleshooting a problem, they may be in the office at the computer looking at the data they or someone else has collected. ”
How much do industrial engineers make?
Most industrial engineer jobs require at least a bachelor's degree in engineering. Many employers, especially those offering engineering consulting services, also require
certification as professional engineers (PE). A master's degree is often required for promotion into management, and ongoing education and training is required to keep up with advances in technology, materials, computer hardware and software, and government regulations, In addition, many industrial engineers belong to the Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE).
