In this research, the author takes Greta Thunberg's speech as an object of speech act analysis. The author is interested in analyzing speeches given at TEDx Stockholm, because the writer wants to see the kind of illocutionary acts used by Greta Thunberg in her audience-led speech. In this study, the authors used the illocutionary act based on Searle's theory and supported by Austin's theory of speech act.
The scope of this study is focused on analyzing the illocutionary act and perlocutionary speech act in Greta Thunberg's Rede world by changing the rules. It is also to find out the types of illocution in Greta Thunberg's Rede world by changing the rules speech. After finding out the illocutionary act, the researcher tries to identify the perlocutionary acts implied by the illocutionary acts uttered in Greta Thunberg's Save the World by Changing the Rules speech using the theory of context of Austin's Theory because perlocutionary employs itself with the context of the illocutionary.
Thus, it is very interesting to analyze how she constructs the illocutionary act in which her speech is so influential. In order to somehow recognize the meaning of illocutionary speech, the audience must know the context of the speech to create a good form of communication. Based on the description above, this study aims to analyze the speech acts found in verbal communication in the form of speech, the utterances used by the public, in this case Greta Thunberg as a speaker who wants to convey his ideas to the public.
To find out the types of illocutionary in Greta Thunberg's Save the World by Changing the Rules speech, the researcher uses Scarle's theory supported by Austin's Theory of speech act.
Research Question
Research Objective
Uses of the Study
Theoretical Uses
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Researchers believe that illocution is an important part of understanding speech acts and has a significant impact on communication, namely the act of doing something is called perlocutionary. Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Therefore, this model of speech act analysis can become a source of linguistics teaching.
Practical Use
Scope of the Study
She analyzed the speech acts, especially the illocutionary acts and perlocutionary acts of the statements of Judy Hopps, the main character of the film Zootopia. Based on the results of this research, she found four types of illocutionary acts in Grug's statements. The researcher found a total of 38 samples of Grug's statements, labeled as types of illocutionary acts.
From the analysis of the data, it results that the categories of affirmative illocutionary acts have appeared the most in the political speech of Donald Trump. Larasati (2020) discusses the types of illocutionary acts and identifies how utterances in Donald Trump's speeches can be included in a certain type of illocutionary act. The data analysis procedure begins by discovering the types of illocutionary acts in Donald Trump's presidential candidacy speeches using the classification of illocutionary acts.
The finding shows that the type of illocutionary acts found in Donald Trump's speeches were assertive, commissive, expressive and directive. Donald Trump produced mostly assertive type of illocutionary acts and also assertive category of illocutionary type in both speeches.
Pragmatics
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia To fill the gap in this study, the similarity between this research and the previous study is that the previous study tries to find out the illocutionary act using Searle's theory, the different of this study is about the object, and in meanwhile the fourth previous study used Cruse's theory to find out the illocutionary act. This research focuses on examining the selected speeches performed by Greta at TED talks classified as persuasive speaking. Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia has greater understanding of how the human mind works, how people communicate, how they manipulate each other.
Referring to the definitions of pragmatics stated by some experts above, it can be summarized that pragmatics is the study of the speaker's intended meaning in relation to his context. It deals with how people use language within a context and why they use language in a particular way.
Austin’s Categorization of Speech Acts
Locutionary
It refers to the fact that we have to use words or sentences if we want to say anything at all.
Illocutionary
Perlocutionary
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Another example is "I just made coffee", the speakers perform the action to make the listeners account for a nice smell or to make the listeners drink coffee. In summary, the speaker's utterances cannot be meaningless, but their utterances can give effects to the hearers in the form of the hearer's response to the speaker's utterances.
Searle’s Categorization of Speech Acts
- Assertive
- Directives
- Commissive
- Expressive
- Declaratives
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Example, Today is a sunny day represents the speaker's claims about the weather, the speaker claims that the weather is sunny today. According to Searle (2005), directive acts are concerned with speakers' attempt to use language to encourage the listener to do something. Regarding directive acts, Leech (1996) defines them as the speaker's intention to cause certain effects through the listener's action.
Commissive deal with the actions that commit the speakers to a future course of action. A predicate for commissive is the verbs that can be used to commit or refuse to commit to certain future actions, while the subject of the sentence is most likely I or we. Means that the speaker takes an action by saying a promise to the hearer. It means that the speaker has to do it for him/her because the speaker already promises based on what he/she has said.
According to Searle (2005), expressive refers to actions performed to express a psychological state of the speakers. The statements produced in a particular context can potentially change the state of the world instantly. According to Yule (1996) and Cutting (2002), declarative refers to types of speech acts that can change the world through utterances.
To perform declarative acts appropriately, several circumstances must be met, including speakers must have specific institutional roles and there must be a specific context. Declaratory acts may consist of baptism or baptism, declaration of war, abdication, dismissal, naming, resignation, and excommunication. It means that the speaker declares that the hearer becomes husband and wife and at that moment the status or condition changes directly from unmarried to married.
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia To find out the types of illocution in Greta Thunberg's Save the World by Changing the Rules speech, the researcher uses Scarle's theory. Therefore, the researcher uses Austin's theory to analyze the context of the perlocutionary acts implied after the illocutionary acts of Greta Thunberg's Save the World by Changing the Rules speech. Qualitative research studies something based on its original state, attempts to interpret and understand phenomena in terms of the meaning given to them (Rajasekar, 2013). Descriptive qualitative also discusses understanding data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, and conclusions that lead to the researcher's problem.
Data and Data Source
This chapter consists of Research Method, Data and Data Source, Data Collection Procedure, Data Analysis Technique. In this dissertation, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative research methodology to analyze the outcome data from the researcher's selected object or data source. The results can be further elaborated and compared with the researchers' findings during the study to provide sufficient evidence to support the researchers' conclusions.
This speech is generally about climate change and the data used by the researcher is the primary data because all the data and data source is taken from the Greta's speech.
Data Collecting Procedure
Data Analysis Technique
Furthermore, the researcher notes that Greta uses assertive actions when she talks about climate change. In her speech, she wants the audience to recognize that climate change is a serious situation. Moreover, the illocutionary act of assertive act from the data 1 is that Greta intends to inform the reader that climate change is substantial.
In this case, it shows Greta asserting to the listener that climate change is essential. The data is categorized as an affirmative act because the data shows that Greta expresses her opinion on climate change. Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Thus, the illocution of the sure act in data 4 is that Greta aims to make people aware of climate change.
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia The use of illocutionary or assertive act when Greta intends to make people aware of climate change is supported by data 6. In this context Greta is concerned with informing the reader that climate change is really essential to human civilization. So, the illusion of assertive action in data 5 & 6 is Greta intended to make people aware of climate change and change their way of life.
It is also found that when Greta talks about climate change as an existential threat to civilization. In Greta's speech, it is found that the point of her speech is about climate change as an existential crisis. Data 7 is therefore classified as an assertive act of information because Greta gives information of the sign of climate change.
Moreover, the illocutionary expression of the assertive action in Data 6 is that Greta wants the listener to realize that climate change is an important issue and needs to be addressed. Furthermore, the use of assertive action is found when Greta talks about climate change as an existential crisis. Another assertive act is found when Greta discusses the issue of climate change as an existential crisis.
From the analysis on the topic of climate change as an existential crisis, it appears that when talking about climate change as an existential crisis, Greta tends to use the affirmative act. Greta wants the listener to be sensitive about climate change because it is a global issue. Furthermore, Greta also uses the safe act when she talks about climate change as an existential crisis.
It can be concluded that she acts assertively when it comes to informing the reader about climate change.
