Of the two nations, the Taruma and Waiwai, thought to occupy this part of the colony, I could find fewer. Talismans and spells are still used and the filing of the incisors is still in vogue.
VIII PKEFACB
We tried a locust tree, but it split just at the point where the bark was removed. We left on the 19th, broke off the Kuyuwin and reached the Essequibo on the 26th.
X PEEFACB
PREFACE SI
XIV ILLUSTRATIONS
XVI ILLUSTRATIONS
WORKS OF REFEKENCE
ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF THE ARTS, CRAFTS, AND CUSTOMS OF THE GUIANA INDIANS, WITH SPECIAL
Very common in the Taruma and Waiwai country, where it is chiefly exchanged with Wapishana. It stems from the bark of a tree with a large smooth spherical yellow fruit up to 2}^ inches in diameter containing eight light brown flat melon-shaped seeds.
FAC, 37.)
In the third case, the decoration can be increased by cementing pieces of other colored feathers along the middle vein (section 81). When I talk about floral patterns, I'm thinking of the ornate fiber hammock at the Georgetown Museum.
BOTH] ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF GUIANA INDIANS 7
Very long bows, judging from those met with among the Waiwai, up to 8 feet long, are used for shooting vertical heights, 6. g., birds, monkeys, etc., at the branches of very tall trees. Some additional notes were collected among the Wapishana. etc., relating to the attachment of the chord to the bow.
BOTH] ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF GUIANA INDIANS 9 wound round it. To render the string taut prior to use, the loop is
Take the case, for example, of Sudis gigas Cuv., the freshwater giant of Guiana, the thearapaima of Makus. Omani is the fermented cassava drink of Trio (GOT, 1088), but no description of its production is given.
KGR, III, 12.)
Main purlin, makwanan
Primary rafters, kamru
Lower purlin, makwanan
Oyana's Maite is a round hut with a roof reaching down to the ground and an open door. Oyana's tilaka is a simple rectangular hut with a roof hanging down on both sides and.
ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF GUIANA INDIANS 31 by plaiting the ends together, direct into one another without any-
The Wapishana channel also braids the central part in a transverse quadrilateral pattern. in the former case, and then the next best thing. The body of the sight itself is divided into four or more squares bounded by treble sets of threads varying in arrangement, as the general braid is a two-over-two-three-over-three. This manipulation is done on all four sides, all round, and the ends of the raUs are tied together.
Each trio of strands passing behind the raUs forms one of the chains of the circular supporting framework (fig. 31). When the circular supporting frame has reached the required depth, the chains are finished to an edge line similar to that followed on the raUs. Unfortunately, a sketchy description is given of the portable wooden mortar said to come from the Waiwai (FAC, pi. xxxvii), a copy of which is given in plate 9, a.
The rollers are fixed in opposite directions, the necessary pressure on the head and tail is obtained by means of
ROTH] ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF GUIANA INDIANS 37
This may be what Van Sack had in mind when he spoke of the large floor mats in a Surinam Arawak house; they are woven in the same way as the parcel baskets. The right half of the mat thus far completed is shown in the figure where it will be noticed how the projecting strands run in two. 91 To turn the article over, a similar tapered bundle is now made from the back layer of projecting strands.
There is nothing difficult to understand regarding the "breaking" of the ends of the strands to form the edges of the mouth of the basket. There are thus five or more rows of quadrilaterals between the weft spirals in the basal and middle portions of the basket (Fig. 42, A). reduced to three and two (B) to gradually form. Compared with the Arawakones of the Pomeroon, etc., those of the Waiwai, Taruma, Trio, etc., are more compressed, narrower, and made of strands more finely split.
Taruma and Saloema is a marked advance in the artistic design of the pattern, as there is a tendency towards a symmetrical image, e.g.
BOTH] ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF GUIANA INDIANS 47
52 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull.91 . of the bottom layer) over the bottom plain weave layer and. With the smooth sides of the two leaf halves facing up, intertwine them. together, in this case in a braid one over and under two, which will eventually form the back of the basket. the beginning of the concavity of the base, two or more needles on one side and the other are usually more or less twisted up and down. , Strands braided in a similar way over the bottom layers that have just been braided, closing them. the proximal ends of the septum in close proximity to the peduncle.
The limbs of the strands left exposed on the downward slope are cut off. The strands projecting from the ends of the sides ab, cd are similarly braided and then tied to their corresponding partners to form a handle. Divide the horizontal section (distal section) of the median ridge, the two halves of which form the edges of the mouth.
The midrib piece is again bent into three parts, with the central one forming the base, and the proximal and distal two side edges of the product.
SHOULDER BASKETS
Again starting from the top left corner, the first of the series of free outer needles taken in. corresponding within a, and together with the edge of the wing coiled in a bend {H). And so the process is repeated {K) all the way, and the edge of the mouth is thus completed. The beginning now continues from right to left back and over the three threads of the seventh, fifth, third and first.
It then again passes under and over three threads of the second, fourth, and sixth segments to terminate behind, aroimd, and in front of the right vertical bar (0). It turns again from right to left under and over the three strands of the seventh, fifth, etc., etc. segments. This may be of the same construction as the Saloema hay bed, where each four-legged hay and a single deflection are raised at the same time.
Some Waiwai males also have a hole behind the outer corners of the mouth into which sticks can be inserted with specially prepared feathers attached.
ROTH] ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF GUIANA INDIANS 71 wear anything at all; some carry an agouti tooth with a blue bead;
This consists of a home-framed square piece of look glass, a wooden comb, a calabash of red pigment (rulvu) and one or two filled bamboo tubes. of black colour, rendered sweet-smelling by mixing with the resin of the ''tingi-moni'' tree {Protium lieptapliyllum March), in which two wooden needles are stuck. From one end of the comb to the other, the cotton thread passes in irregular sequence from the top of one half of the comb to the next gap seventh or eighth. the completion of this cotton binding and decorative work, a fine slipofturuis laid along and close to the edge of what will ultimately form the face of the crest.
The first two rows are finished, the threads are twisted, and the return journey begun again with ite, the korowa continues again in the same warps, and so back and forth from end to end until about a quarter of an inch from the tips of the teeth the braid is complete. After tying the scarlet (macaw) feathers to the bottom of the bone and removing the coiled tourniquet from the front of the item, the comb is complete. It took the better part of a day to make, the teeth making absorbing most of the time.
The outermost of the large red and blue ara feathers bear other feathers or wing cases of the Buprestis beetle.
GOE, 11.)
The base of the macaw's tail feathers is covered with powis feathers. both] additional STUDIES OF GUANA INDIANS 77 example: the sign is decorated with a stuffed kingfisher, but the other may have it painted on. The knot is secured close to the lower end of the center weft. Typical of the variety of back decorations is the case of the Tau Upang, where, at the back of the necklaces, a.
In the figure illustrated the construction method is reminiscent of one of the first series of Im Thurn shoulders mentioned above. The woman receives a thick bundle of cotton threads equal in length to that of the next generation. Its output, which almost deserves a chapter of its own, is reminiscent of that of an Ab3 series hammock, as laid out in me. g., deformation and tissue are distinct and separate.
A temporary. ts), are inserted behind all the back layer skews of the body by indenting them just above the
ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF GUIANA INDIANS 89
When it was very light, the women prepared some food and the men ate, but a few dancers remained constantly on the move. Insert each thumb along the distal side of the index loops and grasp it. dorsum from the proximal side the strings between the ring and little finger. Opening two closed leaf strips provides a third means available to the Indians to circumvent the forest spirit that has caused them to miss the trail.
These are closed by overlapping, inserting the cut segments of one in regular sequence into the other above it. Canoeing the Kuyuwini, a tributary of the upper Essequibo, has several interesting features about it. The result is that both extremities of the future ship can be tilted much higher than is possible with most.
The Taruma and Waiwai paddle (fig. 90, g) is of the intermediate type, with the blade angled above and below, and the proximal edge of the handle flattened and chipped along the sides.
ROTH] ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF GUIANA INDIANS 101 At end of section add
The Indians of the interior obtain what they want in the way of products of European industry, largely through the intervention of bush negroes. Besides, the stormy waters might capsize the boats, and the whites stood on the shore ready to murder every Indian they saw. The Tapanahoni captain Arabi [bush negro] sent word that the Indians must escape as soon as possible, as the whites were coming with a large force to plunder the villages. Yaryens Oyana sells to Roucouyenne of the Paru, Roucouyenneto Pianocoto and Pianocoto to the Poanna Indians.
One can imagine what an ax or a pickaxe must cost when, already charged 100 percent profit by Boni, these items reach the hands of Poana's Pianocoto. They were for the most part smeared with genipa juice, the legs, knees and hands quite black, the rest. Whipping the boys with a bunch of young palm shoots in the tapsem dance of the Trios (GOT, 1091) is probably the beginning of puberty.
The Trio men make the dancing ornaments and most articles for household use.
KGR, III, 346.)
During the Trio, these koenana rugs are equipped with ants and wasps for children or adults to tap dance. Currently, Taruma and Waiwai males must be making the korowa hammock in its entirety.
HER, I, 957.)
HER, I, 864.)
Von Sack speaks of Indian women in Paramaribo who shot birds with cotton-wool arrows (Section 138). When the hollow branch is cut, etc., the contents (ants and larvae) are sprinkled on a piece of cotton. The ants are biting with all their might, which is evident from the pitiful cries of the cub.
INDEX AND GLOSSARY
OjARiKOELi: Indians, on LoeCreekand Oelemarie; earlier also on Litana, but they were chased away from there by the Boni blacks. Before the arrival of the wild blacks, they lived on Paloeme and fought bloody wars with the Trio.
BOTH] ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF GUIANA INDIANS 109
