VARA OF CUBA, MISSIONS

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOLUME

95.NUMBER16

A

17th

century letter OF GABRIEL DIAZ VARA CALDERON, BISHOP OF CUBA, DESCRIBING THE

INDIANS AND INDIAN MISSIONS OF FLORIDA

(With 12 Plates)

Transcribed and Translated

by

LUCY

L.

WEN HOLD

SalemCollege,Winston-Salem, N. C.

INTRODUCTION BY JOHN

^R.

SWANTON

^'11CI

im^

[Publication 3398)

CITY OF

WASHINGTON

PUBLISHED BY

THE

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

NOVEMBER

20, 1936

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOLUME

95.NUMBER16

A

17th

century LETTER OF GABRIEL DIAZ VARA CALDERON, BISHOP OF CUBA, DESCRIBING THE

INDIANS AND INDIAN MISSIONS OF FLORIDA

(With 12 Plates)

Transcribed and Translated

by

LUCY

L.

WENHOLD

SalemCollege,Winston-Salem, N.C.

INTRODUCTTON

BY

JOHN

R.

SWANTON

Publication 3398)

CITY OF

WASHINGTON

PUBLISHED BY

THE

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

NOVEMBER

20, 1936

BALTIUOHE,MD., U.S.A.

A

17th

century LETTER OF GABRIEL DIAZ VARA CALDERON, BISHOP OF CUBA, DESCRIBING THE

INDIANS AND INDIAN MISSIONS OF FLORIDA

Transcribed and Translated

by

LUCY

L.

WENHOLD

Salem CoUcjc. Winston-Salon,

N

^.C.

IXTRODUCTION BY

JOHN

K.

SWANTON

The

originalof theletterdescrihed hereinisintheArchive General de Indias at Seville, Spain. Photocopies are

owned

by the Florida State Historical SocietyandtheNorthCarolina State Historical

Com-

mission,but, inviewof itsspecial interest for Floridians.itishardly lessthanmiraculousthatit shouldhave been broughttothe attention of scholars through the latter.

For

this outcome

we

are especially indebtedtoDr.

Lucy

L.

Wenhold,

ofSalemCollege,Winston-Salem, N.

C, who

chanced

upon

itwhileexaminingandtranscribing

some

of the documentsof the Commission.

From

time totime Dr.

Wenhold

had beenkindenoughto referto

me

suchtranslations asshethought mightinterestthe

Bureau

of

American

Ethnologyinitswork,andthis letterhappenedtobe

among

them.

In the invaluable ^"List of

Documents

in Spanish Archives re- lating totheHistoryof theUnitedStates,which have beenPrinted or ofwhichTranscripts arePreservedin

American

Libraries",compiled by Dr.

James

A. Robertson,are cited copiesof

two

other lettersby BishopCalderon,both datedJune8, 1675,andpreservedintheBuck- ingham Smith Collection of the

New York

State Historical Society.

They

were written at Havana, one addressed to Juan de

Mendoza

Escalante,andtheothertothe

Conde

de Medellin, of the Council of the Indies.

The

original of the former is in the Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid,andof thelatter intheArchive General deIndias,Audiencia deSanto

Domingo. A

thirdletterwrittenat

Havana August

14, 1674, inahanddifferent fromtheBishop's

own

orthat of theaccompany- ingmemoir, isof

more

interest tous becauseit referstothe visitto

Smithsonian MiscellaneousCollections, Vol. 95,No. 16

2

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS

COLLECTIONS VOL. 95

Florida Calderon \Yas about toundertake. Dr.

Wenhold

^translatesit

asfollows

:

[The Bishopof Cuba to theQueen]

Senora:

Your Majesty is pleased to command me, in the two royal cedulas of the 4thofMarch oftheyear"j^,,to visit at thistime the provincesofFloridaand apply the properremedyinthematter presentedtoYourMajesty bytheBishop ofthecity,Rodrigo,

my

predecessorhere.

No

bishophasgonethere [toFlorida]

inmore than 60years,andthepresence ofone isneeded, notonlytocelebrate confirmations and correct the faults and abuses that have comein during so long a timeinthe caseof[a] people so recently converted,andto investigatethe statein which thepriests of San Francisco have thework of converting the Indians andthe instructionofthe converts under their care, but also to lend encouragementtotheconverting of the Indiansoftheprovince of Apalachocoli whohaveforyearsbeen askingthat missionaries besent to teachandbaptize them; a requestnever yet grantedforlack [ofmissionaries]. Inthis field the BishopbelievestheDominicanpriestsofthis citywouldaccomplishmuch.

Senora, this

my

predecessorsaid tomeinthecityofSan Lucar whereI was by order, awaiting thefirstopportunity ofpassageto thisincumbency. Ireplied tohimthatI wished firsttocometo the cityofCuba,*seat of this bishopric, visitingit, andtogothentothe mission. Accordingly, as soon asIenteredthis city,obeyingyourMajestyIbegantoplanforthe carryingout ofthatpurpose.

Havingnowcompleted thevisitationof this entire island,I haveitinsuchgood conditionthatwithin 8daysunderthe favorofGodIshall set forth.

And

because (although I recognize the greatzeal of theDominican priests,

who haveoffered themselves to

me

willingly),totake themnow would be to introduce great discord with the Franciscans and jeopardize the conversion ofthosemiserable heathen,ithasseemedto

me

wisertomakeuseofthe latter, both because they are well versedinthat languageandbecause they areincon- troloftheentireprovinceofApalachewhichbordersuponthatofApalachocoli.

[I go] to investigate firstthe condition of that land, and then to enterupon the work of conversion for which I

am

taking chalices and all the necessary vestments of the Divine Cult.

May

it please OurLord that the holy zeal of

Your Majesty attainitsend forthe greatergloryof theDivineOne and the salvationofthosesouls.

May

OurLord keeptheCatholicRoyal PersonofYourMajestyinHisholy grace with healthand completefelicity tothe greatest good ^of Your vassals.

YourMajesty'shumbleservantandchaplain, Gabriel,BishopofCuba.

Havana, August 14,1674.

In the present material, the

main

narrative,addressedtothe

Queen

ofSpain,isvi^ritten,aswill beseen, ina clearhand,probablythat of

some

secretary. It

was

accompanied bya brief note in the far less legible script of the Bishop himself, directedto the secretary of the

'^Havana.

NO. 1

6

CALDERON

LETTER

WEN HOLD

₃

Council of theIndies. Dr.

Wenhold

has supplied the followingtransla- tionofthisepistle

:

My

Lord:

In thedespatch-shipwhich wentoutfromherelastmonth,Igave youfelicita- tions on your elevationtothe Secretaryship, thenhopingto givethemtoyou [also] asSecretaryof State.

Withthisgoes a packet toHer Majestywith

my

briefsummaryaccount of allthatI havediscovered in theterritory of theprovincesof Florida,conver- sionsthatIhavemadeandcharacteristics ofthe Indians,[I] beingby the Divine Mercythe firstto tread thoselands. Andto thehands ofthe President went

my

map of the country. It is duplicated by this; and inthe one [go] the originalaufosthathaveresultedfromthevisitation,andintheotheranauthen- ticatedcopyofthem.

Iremainatyourservice for allthatyoumaybe pleasedtocommandme, to whichI shall respond withgoodwill.

May

Godkeepyoumanyj^ears.

Yourhumbleservantkissesyourhands,

Gabriel, Bishop ofCuba.

Havana, January 4, 1676,

ToSenorDonAntoniode Rojas.

From

theannotationsaccompanyingthis documentit appears that it

was

^"receivedwiththegalleons^",taken

up

attheApril session of the Council of theIndies, andreferredto the attorney general,

who

stated that noreportneed be

made

in connectionwith itbut thatit

should be kept in the office of the secretary.

The

Council took the action

recommended

onJuly 12, 1676, andit

was

furthermore

com- manded

" thattheBishopbethankedforthe

work

hehasaccomplished and urgedtocontinueit."

From

the

same

bodyof materialDr.

Wenhold

has obtained another letter

from

theBishop, thisonewritteninthe

same

handas the

main

document, presumably by that of the Bishop's secretary. It bears anearlierdatethantheabove and

was

probablyprepared immediately afterCalderonreturnedtoCuba.

Se.nor.\:

YourMajesty ispleasedtocommandme, bytheroyal cedulaofJune24, of this year, to apply some financial aid to the repairingof the conventof San LorenzoelRealdelEscurial.

Thefinancial obligations, Senora,whichIhave,withtheexpenditures Imade during the visittothe provinces ofFlorida, whereI maintained eight months, at

my

ownexpense, acompanyofSpanish infantry ofthePost [of St.Augus- tine], andtwoofIndians, arquebusiers andarchers, because I hadto traverse the frontier of the country of the Chiscas and Chichimecos, barbarous and warlike heathen,andwith the constructionofthemainbastionofthewallof this citywhichIhave doneat

my

expenseandthat oftheecclesiastics,havemadeit

impossibleformetodoat thistimewhat Ishalldowhen

my

debtsarepaid.

4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS

COLLECTIONS VOL. 95

May

Our Lord keep the Catholic Royal Person of Your Majesty to the greatest blessingandcomfort ofyourvassals.

YourMajesty's humbleservantandchaplain, Gabriel, Bishopof Cuba.

Havana,

November20, 1675.

The

^"Chiscas and Chichimecos^" were probably two or

more

dif- ferent bandsof Yuchi.

A

^matterof theverygreatestinterest to eth- nologists and historians ahke is the whereabouts of the

maps men-

tioned in thetext.

As

there were two co])ies, one of them at least shouldhavesurvived.

Dr.

Wenhold

has supplied textual notes in connection with her translation of theCalderonnarrativepresented here, but1 wishtoadd tothese

some

referencestoimportantethnologicalfactsthatitcontains.

We

^havesolittlematerial regarding the old Floridatribesthatany addition,

however

small,is most welcome,butinthepresent instance light is cast

upon

a

number

of specific problems of considerable importance.

It isinterestingto

know

thatthelanguagesof^"(iuale. Tinincjuaand Apalache^" werethe three principal ones of the province butthat is

not unexpected.

Much more

important are the locations here given of thevarious missions,whichwillenable ustoplace thetribesapproxi- matelyintheirformerseats.

We

^alsohavethefactestablished thatthe Guacara Indians were originally on the

Suwanee

River. Another document, kindly referred to

me

by Dr.

Wenhold

and dating from earlyintheeighteenth century,

shows

thatthepresent

Wakulla

River, whichflowsbySt.Marks,

was

then

known

as theGuacara. This

means

that part, atleast, of theGuacara Indians

moved

intothe Apalachee countryafter 1675,^or,possibly, atastillearlierdateandthat

WakuUa

isa corruption ofGuacarasincethere

was

norsoundinthelanguages of theApalachee,the Creeks, or anyof their relatives.

In connectionwiththeBishop's treatment of theApalacheeprovince,

we

have supplied tous the exact dates of foundation of

two

of the missions and proof that

some

Apalachee towns consisted of recent invaders.

The

connectionisestablishedbetweenthe^"

Tama

^"Indians

and

the Yamasee.

We

^{have definite} information that the Chines.

Pacaras,

and Amacanos

were formerly independent units, and the separate enumeration of thelast seems to

show

that the

Yamacraw

ofGeorgiahistoryweredistinct

from

theYamasee.

Thanks

to BishopCalderon's connectionwiththe Sawoklimissions

much

is addedto our knowledge of them, and

we

have the earliest

known

lists of the

Lower

and ^lipjierCreektowns, ^^'c learnthat in

NO. 1

6

CALDEROX

LETTER

WEN HOLD

₅

1675 there

was

alreadyan

Oconee town

onthe Chattahoochee. This

may

have been anearlierposition of the

town

later found on

Oconee

Riveror a separate settlement of the

same

tribe.

We

learnthatKolomi, which appears later as an

Upper

Creek town,

was

then

among

the

Lower

Creeks,andthattheHilibi weredividedbetweenthe

two

sec- tionsof the nation.

The

Hitchiti and

Okmulgee

had seemingly

moved

over

from Ocmulgee

Rivertobe near the Spaniards. Three

new

towns appear

among

the

Lower

Creeks,

—

ChicahiJti, Taciisa,andCuchiguali

—

^thefirstofwhich seemstocontain the

word

huti,"

home

^",while the secondresembles closely the

name

of the mole, "takusa^".

A

small Creekclan

was

socalled.

Next we

have informationregarding theChatotmissionsanda note onthe ChiskaorYuchi.

The

listof

Upper

Creektowns, those given asconstituentsof the^"ProvinceofToassa",_isveryincomplete.

We

recognize the Tawasa, Muklasa, Pacana, Hothliwahali (Oslibati), Okfuskee, Atasi,Tukabahchee, Hatcichaba,andHilibi. Atayache so closely resembles Atahachi, the

name

of the Mobile

town

visited by

De

Sotoin1540, that^I

am

inclined toidentify thetwo,allthe

more

as Atayache isenumerated along withthe

Alabama

towns

whose

speech resembledthat oftheMobile,though thelocationsof the

two

donot agree. Idonot recognizeEscatana,Ilantalui,andIchoposi.

The

notice of the

Choctaw

nation that appears here is the oldest underthe

name

by whichthey are

commonly

known, and

we

^learnthat theywerealreadyverynumerous.

InCofatache

we

seemtohaveaverylatereferencetoCofitachequi but unfortunately noclueto theaffinitiesof thepeople socalledex- cept thefactthatthey controlled the Indians of Escamacu,

who

were apparentlyMuskhogeans.

Important is the localization near Pine Island of the place where

De

Soto had a small vessel built, since this

was

where Narvaez had previouslyconstructedhis

own

ill-fated crafts.

Students of early Indian populationwill be interested inthestate- ment that in 1675 there were 13,152 Christianized Indians, for this must representanactualenumeration.

To

thecontroversyover Spanishmission buildingsintheSoutheast andthe material ofwhichtheywere made, our Bishopcontributes the information that hisIndians were " great carpentersas isevidenced in the construction of their

wooden

churches which are large and painstakingly wrought."

Most

of thewords^attributedtothe Indians areeitherSpanishor

—

as instanced by bujio and barhacoa

—

^{from the}

^Arawak

^{language of}

6

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS

COLLECTIONS VOL. 95

the

West

^Indies,buthurimelaisprobablyTimucua,inwhich language the

word meaning

^"outside^",or "inthe forest", ishuri.

Ojeo may

.alsobe a

Timucua word

though I have been unable totranslate it.

Athequi^isthe

Timucua form

of the

word

which appearsinCreekas yatika.

The

description of the

town

house ispeculiarly interesting sinceit

showsthat the northern

Timucuan town

houses, at least, were built likethe

town

housesinthe settlements of theGualeexpatriatesnorth ofSt.Augustine,as describedby Dickenson. Perhapsthe^"verylarge cabin witha large opencourt in the middle" which

De

Soto's

men

foundatUriutinaincentralFlorida

was

ofthischaracter. Inanycase, it

would seem

necessaryto

modify somewhat

thesizeCalderonattrib- utestothese houses

when

he says that they ^"can

accommodate two

to three thousandpersons^" but to increase the dimensions of their doorways.

The

list of

European

trade objects will attract the attention of Floridaarcheologists.

Supplementarynotes suppliedbyRobertR. Otis, ofAtlanta, Ga.

—

^TheQueen

to

whom

the Bishop addresseshisletter was Queen Mariana,who wasatthe head of a Regency which governed Spain from 1665 to 1675, during the minority ofCharlesII. ShewasoftheHouseofAustria,exceedingly religious, andmuchinterested inthespreadofChristianityinthe

New

World,her policy being largely influenced bytheJesuit Father Nithard, whowas alsoactive in developing foreign mission fields. Calderon was appointed Bishop of Cuba in1671,with headquartersatSantiago deCuba,hisjurisdictionembracingalso the adjacent mainlandsectionsof North America, knowntothe Spaniards as Florida. In 1673 the Queen Regent, acting inthe nameof the King, ordered asynodheldinFloridabyBishop Calderon,andthe following year hepaidhis visittothe mainland, not returning toCubauntil 1675. Writers havingaccess tosource materialsshowthathe arrivedinFloridaAugust23, 1674,whilehis last recordedacttherewas on June21, 1675,whichindicatesthathe spent 10months inFlorida lacking 2 days. Thedayafter his arrival at St.Augustinehe ordained sevenyoung priests belongingtothe best families,thefirstknown instance in theterritory ofthe presentUnitedStates.

On

August29 a formal receptionwas given him at the Franciscan Monastery at St. Augustine by Vicar General Perete. Father Englehardt, the California Mission historian (using source MSS.), says that duringthis year five missionswere restoredby him

—

^Asao

onSt.Simons, oneon SantaCatalina,oneonJekylIsland, SanJoseonSapello, and oneatSanFelipe,SouthCarolina. October7,1674,he issued orders forcing plantation owners to permit Indian workmen to attend divine service. For 8monthshe traveled overthispartofNorth America,enduring great hardships, and Englehardtsays he spent $11,000toamelioratetheconditionofboth Indians andwhites.

He

adds thatit wasprobably inconsequenceof BishopCalderon's demands uponthe Kingthat Father Moral was sentto Florida in 1676 with 24 Friars. Englehardt alsosays thatCalderondied March 16, 1676,inconse- quenceofhardshipsenduredduringhisFloridavisit.

FLORIDA AND THE FLORIDA MISSIONS Senora

:

What

has been discovered,

up

to today, concerning the entire districtof Florida,bothalong the seacoastandinland,isasfollows

:

On

the coast of the northern border, 30 leagues

from Cape

Canaveral, [where] thecanal of

Bahama

disembogues,is located,on the 30thparallel of latitude, the cityof Saint Augustine which

was

founded about 1559' bytheAdelantado Pedro

Menendes

Aviles. It is the capital of the provinces of Florida and has

more

than 300 Spanishinhabitants, soldiersand married people. Its harbor is very secure by reason of a very dangerous sand bar which it has at its entrance,which shiftsits position in stormsandat hightidehas 20 spans^" of water.

The

city is built lengthwise

from

north to south.

Itisalmost cutoflfby an

arm

of the seawhich surroundsitandbuffets

it, leaving it half submerged

from

hurricanes as it liesat sealevel.

Its climate is

somewhat

unhealthful, beingverycold in winter,with freezes, andexcessivelyhotin

summer,

both ofwhich extremesare feltthe

more

as thereisnoprotectionnor defenceinthe houses, they being of

wood

with board walls.

The

soil is sand andthereforeun- productive;no wheat grows,and cornonly sparselyandatthecostof

much

labor.

Thus

the inhabitants arecompelled regularly to depend fortheir sustenance

upon

the products of the province of Apalache.

The

section does not produceany sort of

raw

material which could attracttrade,

and

hasnoresources otherthanthegovernmentallow- ancewhichitawaitseach year

from

thecityofMexico,and by which the infantryis fedandclothed.

As

regardsitsspiritualwelfare,ithas a parishchurch dedicatedto Saint Augustine, served bya priest, a sacristanand acolytes,and a Franciscan convent, headquarters for the province, called Saint Helena,withthree monks, a superior, a preacher, alaybrother, and with authority by a royal decree of

Your

Majesty to have three curates for the three principal languagesof these provinces, Guale,

Timuqua

and Apalache, for the teaching of Christian doctrine and theadministering of thesacramentstotheIndians

who

usually attend

'Thecity ofSaintAugustine wasactuallyfoundedin 1565.

"About 15 feet. One hundredyears later the estimateddepth of the water on the baratlowtidewas₉feet.

O

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS

COLLECTIONS VOL. 95

to the cultivating of the lands of the residents of the Post [Saint Augustine].

Of

thefourhermitageswhich formerlyexisted,only

two

remain:

San

Patricio and

Our Lady

of Solitude,

and

a hospital contiguoustothelatterwithsixbeds.

For

defensethereisa fortress with20 guns andagood garrison, agovernor residentinthe city,a sergeant-major, 2captains,300^enlistedmen, and2 royalofficials.

Going

out of thecity,athalf aleague tothenorththereis a small villageof scarcely

more

than30 Indian inhabitants,called

Nombre

de Dios, the mission of which is served

from

the convent. Following theroad

from

east to west,withinan extent of 98leagues there are 24settlementsandmissions of Christian Indians, 1 1 belongingtothe province of

Timuqua

and 13^tothatof Apalache.

THE

PROVINCE OF

TIMUQUA

Ten

leagues

from

thecity of SaintAugustine, on thebank of the river Corrientes [the St. Johns], is the village and mission of San Diego de Salamototo. It [theriver] is very turbulent

and

almosta leagueandahalf inwidth.

From

theretothevillage andmission of Santa

Fe

there are

some

20 uninhabited leagues. Santa

Fe

is the principalmission ofthisprovince. Ofiftothesidetowardthesouthern border,ata distance of 3 leagues,^is the deserted missionandvillage of

San

Francisco.

Twelve

leagues

from

Santa

Fe

isthe inissionof Santa Catalina, with Ajohica ₃ leagues

away

and Santa Cruz de Tarihica 2. Seven leagues away, on the bank of the large river Guacara, is the mission of

San

Juan of the

same

name.

Ten

[fur- theron] isthatof

San Pedro

de Potohiriba,2,that of Santa Helena deMachaba,4, that of

San

Matheo.2,that of

San

Miguelde Asyle, lastin this

Timuquan,

orUstacanian. province.

THi'; ruoviNCE of

apalache

Two

leagues

from

tlie said village of Asyle is the mission of San Lorenzode Hibitachuco,firstvillageofthisprovince.

From

thismis- siontothatof

La

Concepcion de Ayubali^itis ileague,and anotherto that of

San

Francisco de Oconi, another to that of

San

Juan de Aspalaga,2tothat of

San

Joseph de Ocuya, 4 tothatof

San

Pedro de Patali, 2 to that of

San

Antonio de Bacuqua, 2 to that of

San Damian

de Cupahica, calledalso Escambi, one to that of San Luis deTalimaliwhich isthe largest ofall,anothertothatof

La

Purifica- cion de

Tama,

called^' Yamases, another to that of

San

Martin de

'Thisparticipleisplural,thoughwhj^itissoisnotclear.

so. l()

CALDEROX

LKTTER

WEXHOLI)

₉ Tomoli,2to thatofSantaCruzde Capoli,called alsoChuntafu,

and

₄ from Tomoli to

Assumpcion

del Puerto.

Of

these 13 missions2,

La

Purificacionde

Tama

and

Assumpcion

delPuerto, both ofwhichwere heathen [villages], I founded onthe 27thof Januaryandthe2dof February of this present year 1675, gathering in

Assumpcion

the threeheathennations.Chines,Pacaras and

Amacanos, who

aregradu- allybeing instructedandbaptized. In the mission of

San

Luis,which

is the principal one of the province, resides a military officer in a country house defended by pieces of ordnance and a garrison of infantry.

THE

PROVINCE OF APAL.VCHOCOLT

At

2 leagues

from

theafore-mentionedvillageof

San

Luis,onthe northern frontier, is the river

Agna

which divides the provinces of Apalache andApalachocoli, and ata distance of 12, on thebankof another large and copious river which takes its

name from

that^* provinceand runs throughit

from

northtosouth,isaheathenvillage calledformerly SantaCruz deSabacolael Menor,

now La

Encarna- cionalaSantaCruzde Sabacola, thechurch having beendedicatedto this sovereign mystery on Thursday, February 28th of this year, wherein have gathered the Great Cacique of that province, with his vassals

from

Sabacolael

Grande

which I haveconvertedto our holy faith,and whichwillbe a large

town

andconverted [area],especially asthe 13Apalachocolanvillageswhichareonthebankof theriverof thatname. 30leaguestothe north,haveofferedtodolikewise. These [villages] are: Chicahuti, Sabacola, Oconi, Apalachocoli, Ilapi, Tacusa, Usachi, Ocmiilgui. Ahachito, Cazitb.to,''

Colomme,

Cabita, Cuchiguali.*

Nineleagues

from

Encarnacion,onthe northernfrontier,isanother [village]

named San

Nicolas,of about 30inhabitants, and 3 leagues furtheron is another,

San

Carlos, of somethinglike 100inhabitants.

Both theseare of theChacatos nation, which 14 years agorequested baptismand hadnottheirdesirefulfilled untilthe 21st ofJune^oflast year, 1674. Inthat section, living in

encampments

withoutany per- manent dwellings, are

more

than 4,000 heathen called Chiscas,

who

sustain themselves withgame, nutsand roots oftrees.

*AqucUa, "the former", whichshould refertothe Apalache. hut plainly the Apalachicolaismeant.

Sospelled;usuallyknown as Kasihita or Cusseta.

°

Why

thewriter uses the circumflexon someIndiannamesand omitsitfrom othersisnotatallevident.

lO

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS

COLLECTIONS VOL. 95

Between

the northeast and [north] west,about 30 leagues distant, onthebankof a large river,istheprovince of Toassa,ofbarbarous heathen inhabitants, comprising 14 villages: Toassa, Imocolasa, Atayache, Pacani, Oslibati, Afaschi, Escatana, Atassi, Tubassi, Tiquipachi,Achichepa, Hilapi, Ilantalui, Ichoposi.

Seventyleagues furtheronisthe greatandextensiveprovince of the Chacta which includes 107 villages, and to one side, on the western frontier, on an island near the harbor of Spiritu Santo, is [the province] of Mobile,boththeseofbarbarous heathen;thisbeingall I have been able to discover, as in spite of having

made

diligent inquiriesIhave been unableto findanyone

who

could give

me

infor- mation concerning the territories of Penacho and

Tanoyo

which

Marcos

Lucioputsonhis

map

supposing

them

tobeinthe neighbor- hood of the province of Apalachocoli.

However,

as he did not go further than the city of Saint Augustine, so distant

from

these provinces, and wroteonly

from

vague hearsay,he

may

haveerred in the names,

and

they

may

have been those of the afore-mentioned provinces of the Chacta andMobile, for neither does he put on his

map

thevillagesof the provinces of

Timuqua

and Apalache,as

Your

Majestywillsee

from

the chartIhave

made

and send herewith/

COAST OF

THE NORTHERN

FRONTIER

Out from

SaintAugustine, along the seacoasttowardthenorthern frontier, is the province of Guale, and in it are the following settlements

:

At

2 leagues

from

thecityisthevillageandmission of

La

Natividad deNuestra Senorade

Tolmato

;at^{10,^}thevillageand.mission of

San

Juan^delPuertoatthebar ofwhich disemboguesthegreat riverCor- ientes, already mentioned; at 6, the mission and village of Santa

Maria

;at3,

San

Phelipe;at 9, Santa BuanaventuradeGuadalquini

;

at 6,Santo

Domingo

de

Asaho

;at6,

San

JosephdeZapala;at2,Santa Catalina. All are settlements of Christian [Indians],

and

in the last

named Your

Majesty has anofficerwith agoodgarrison of infantry.

From

thereitisabout2 leaguestothebar ofAsopo, and

from

there onetravels

among

shoals,barsandrivers"14 leagues intothe province ofEscamacu, todaysubjecttothe

Mico

of Cofatache,[where] near the villageof Oristan is SaintHelena which

was

avillage of Christians.

''Unfortunately not included with the photostatic copy ofthe document.

*All distances are measured fromthelast place mentionedunlessotherwise specified,itseems.

'dentrode bancos y jucra dc barras yrios.

NO. l6

CALDERON

LETTER

WENHOLD

II and at 24 leagues [away] is Port Saint George,

now

an English settlement,distant 84^leagues

from

SaintAugustine. Fifteen leagues tothe west,inland, istheprovince of Joaqui, whereis thegreat lake inwhich, according to tradition, Fernandode Sotoandhis

men saw many

pearl oysters.

From

this province to that of Apalache, along the northern frontier, there dwells, in encampments, without fixed dwellings, the

numerous

nation of the Chichimecos, heathen, so savageandcruelthat theironlyconcernistoassaultvillages.Christian and heathen, taking lives and sparing neither age, sex nor estate, roastingandeating thevictims.

COAST OF

THE SOUTHERN

FRONTIER

Traversing the coast along the southern frontier through the

Bahama

canal, passing the harbors of Matanzas and Mosquitos, 30 leagues

from

the cityof Saint Augustine is

Cape

Canaveral,

whose

shoalsextend6leaguesintothe sea;and8 leagues

from

^itisthebar of Ais.

At

₅ is Guaxa, or

Ropa

Tendida;at 2, Jobe; at 7,

Agea

;at 4,

Arroyo

Seco

from

where onegoesto

Las

Bocasand Cabezadelos Martyres,at which latterpoint disemboguesa large river that flows into the large lagoonof

Maymi

where,according to tradition,there

is,onalittleisletinit,thetreasureof a galleonwhich

was

lostonthat coast.

From

this inletonegoesby sand banks and keys [inhabitedby]

savage Indians to the inlet called Carlos.

From

there to thebay ol Spiritu Santo the directioncoastwiseis

from

northwestto southeast.

Four

leagues [beyondCarlos] isthe bay ^of

Tampa. At

6

from

the Beach of Pusale is the Pojoy river; at 12 is Tocopacas." It is 20 leaguesto

Majuro

and 20

more

to Guaza, 3 to the harbor of San Martin and 20 to that of

San Marcos

in theprovince of Apalache.

From

thereonegoesby aninletof 18 leaguestoMatacojo where,they say,

Fernando

de Soto built ships to navigateit.

At

3 leagues from there theriver

Agna

disembogues, and roundingthe point of the cape which

some

callApalache andothers Hibineza,one comestotheinlet ofTaxaquachilewherethe greatriverApalachocoli empties.

On

allthis coast,

from

theafore-mentionedbar ofMosquitos,called Surruque, to the river Tocopacas,both onthe isletwhich they call

Cayos"

and onthe mainland, live 13 tribesof savageheathen Carib Indians,incamps, having nofixed abodes,livingonlyonfishandroots

""Is that of Tocopacas", is what the writer actually says. "That", in Spanish,ishere masculine, but so are " village "and" river",andthereference istherefore not veryclear.

"Thewordcayosisinparentheses;why^is not apparent.

12

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS

COLLECTIONS VOL. 95 oftrees.

These

are:

The

Surruqueses,theAyses,the Santaluces, the Geigas, the Jobeses, the Vizcaynos," the Matcumbeses. the Baya- jondos, the Cuchiagaros, the Pojoyes, the Pineros, the Tocopacas.

andthose of Carlos,

who

aregreatfishermenand divers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF

THE

CHRISTIANIZED INDIANS In the four provinces of Guale,

Timuqua,

Apalache and Apalacho- cohthereare 13,152 Christianized Indiansto

whom

^Iadministered the holysacramentof confirmation.

They

arefleshy,andrarelyistherea small one, but they are

weak

andphlegmatic as regardswork,though clever andquickto learnanyart they seedone,andgreat carpenters asisevidencedintheconstructionoftheir

wooden

churcheswhicharc largeandpainstakinglywrought.

The arms

theyemployare

bow

and arrows

and

a hatchet theycallnmcdnu.

They

go naked, withonly the skin [of

some

animal]

from

thewaistdown,and,ifanythingmore,a coat of sergewithoutalining, or a blanket.

The women wear

only a sort of tunic that

wraps them from

the neck tothe feet, and which they

make

ofthepearl-colored foliage oftrees,*''whichtheycall

guano and

whichcosts

them

nothingexcepttogatherit.

Four

thousandand eighty-one

women, whom

Ifoundinthevillagesnaked

from

the waist

up

and

from

the knees down, I caused to be clothed inthis grass^"

liketheothers.

Theirordinary diet consistsof porridge which they

make

of corn withashes,*^pumpkins, beans whichtheycallfrijoles, with

game

and fish

from

the riversand lakes which the well-to-do onescanafford.

Theironly drinkiswater,andtheydonottouch wineor rum. Their greatestluxuryis [adrink] whichthey

make from

a

weed

that

grows

on the seacoast, which they cook anddrink hot and which they call

cadna. It becomes very bitter and is worse than beer, although it

does not intoxicate

them and

isbeneficial.

They

sleepon theground, andintheirhousesonlyonaframe

made

ofreedbars,whichtheycall barbacoa,with a bear skinlaid

upon

it

and

withoutanycover, thefire they build in the center of the house serving in place of a blanket.

They

callthehouse bujio. Itisa hut

made

inround form, of straw, without a

window

andwith adooravora^**highandhalfavarawide.

"A

Spanish word,likeSantaluces, Bayajondos andPineros.

*'Guanoisa generaltermforanysortofpalmtreeorleaf.

He

evidentlyrefers toclothingofSpanish moss.

"Yerha: theuse of thiswordindicatesthat the writer did not recognizethe material.

^^Cornwith ashes^"^^lyehominy.

'"Thez'arais2.8feet.

NO. l6 CAI-UIiKOX LETTER

WIvXHOLD

[3

On

oneside is agranary supported by 12 beams, whichthey call a ciarita,wheretheystorethewheat,cornandother things they harvest.

During January they burn the grass and weeds

from

the fields preparatory tocultivation, surrounding

them

allatonetimewithfire so that thedeer,wildducksandrabbits, fleeing

from

it fallinto their hands. Thissortofhuntingtheycall hurimelas.

Then

they enter the forests inpursuit of bears, bisonandlionswhichtheykill with

bows

andarrows, andthis they call ojeo.

Whatever

they secure in either

way

theybringtothe principal cacique,inorderthatheshalldivideit,

hekeepingthe skins whichfallto his share. Offeringis

made

tothe churchof the best parts,and thisserves for the support of the mis- sionary priest, to

whom

they are in such subjection that they obey hisorderswithoutquestion.

InApril they

commence

tosow,andas the

man

goesalongopening the trench, the

woman

followssowing. All in

common

cultivateand

sow

the lands of the caciques.

As

alms for the missionariesandthe needywidows,they

sow

wheatinOctoberandharvestitinJune. This

is a crop of excellent quality in the province of Apalache, and so abundantthatitproducesseventyfanegas^"

from

one fanega sown.

Each

villagehasa councilhousecalledthe greathujio,constructed of

wood

and coveredwith straw, round,and with avery largeopening in the top.

Most

of

them

can

accommodate from

2,000 to 3,000 persons.

They

are furnishedallaroundtheinteriorwithnichescalled barhacuas,whichserve as bedsandas seatsforthe caciquesandchiefs, and as lodgings for soldiersandtransients. Dances and festivalsare heldin

them

arounda greatfireinthecenter.

The

missionarypriest attends thesefestivities inorder to prevent indecentand lewdconduct, andtheylast untilthe bell strikesthehouroflasdnimas.

TheseIndiansdonot covetriches,nordotheyesteemsilverorgold, coins of which donot circulate

among

them,and theironly barter is theexchangeofone

commodity

for another,which exchangetheycall reseated''

The

most

common

articlesoftrade are knives,scissors,axes, hoes, hatchets, largebronze rattles," glassbeads, blanketswhichthey callcongas, pieces ofroughcloth/"garments andothertrifles.

"

A

fanegaisaboutabushelandahalf.

"_Rcscafeis

agoodSpanishwordofLatinorigin,meaning^"ransom^"hutwith

"barter^"asa secondary meaning.

^'Cascabeles grandcs dc hroncc. Cascabclcs are properly small IjcIIs of the tyiK'usedonharness.

""

Jerguetas.

14

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS

COLLECTIONS VOL. 95

As

to their religion,they are notidolaters,and theyembrace with devotion the mysteries of our holy faith.

They

attend

mass

with regularityat1 1o'clockontheholydaysthey observe,namely,Sunday,

and

the festivals of Christmas, the Circumcision, Epiphany, the Purificationof

Our

Lady,andthedaysofSaint Peter, Saint Paul and All SaintsDay, andbefore entering thechurch each onebringstothe houseof thepriestasa contribution a log of wood.

They

donottalk inthechurch,

and

the

women

are separated

from

the

men

^;theformer onthe side of theEpistle,thelatteronthe side of theEvangel.

They

arevery devotedtothe Virgin,andon Saturdaysthey attend

when

her

mass

issung.

On Sundays

they attend theRosarioandtheSalveinthe afternoon.

They

celebrate with rejoicingand devotion the Birth of

Our

Lord, allattending themidnight

mass

with offeringsof loaves, eggs^{^'}

and

other food.

They

subject themselves to extraordinary penances during

Holy Week,

and during the 24 hours of

Holy Thursday

andFriday,whileour

Lord

isinthe

Urn

of the

Monument,"

they attend standing, prayingtherosary incomplete silence,24

men

and 24

women

and the

same number

of children ofboth sexes, with hourlychanges.

The

children,bothmale andfemale,gotothechurch on

work

days,toareligiousschool

where

they are taughtbya teacher

whom

they call theAthequi^{"^} of the church

; [a person]

whom

the priestshaveforthisservice;as theyhavealsoapersondeputized^'*to reportto

them

concerningallparishioners

who

liveinevil.

Your

Majesty'smost

humble

servant

and

chaplain, Gab'l^{^}Bishopof Cuba.

^_{Spelledguebos.}

'"

En

la UrnndelMoniimcnto.

" Athequi; Indianwordmeaning^"interpreter^".

" The word here translated^"person deputized^" is fiscal,which means " at- torney"or^"prosecutor^", but neither ofthosetermsseemstothe translatorto fitthecase.

^

"^

Gabriel;abbreviatedthus. f

SMITHSONIANMISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 95, NO.16.PL.

s

^erumu

___ Gaucoye/m.dtsuwiAxh entvdo Q/t^<

, JijftitccLLjCorida, dssv borUl ccifk^

Gi-t to-

mar

comopijr U-viA/lt de horrst^^

Ic

JT'

^{uitrd-t^}

^jcrui.j,m

UiTJiiMaltlira IA

CmaaA

at <S Jni

<^^ htrr lasaimdtmil amnitnhn

1,1:/?ccJcj..ic/Li s\v\ux

dd

norlcabu/tt-/L^

t:'.''.'^in^laL-'/ja/M/rui c/?kcn hiinhL anTL^

a/urrat mii amnitnnnrvcindltri _^'iuila, Caut^a.dt/Lu^u>iiinaai le_,fgi-/79u ad Juc fufu niAJM- hucunhnyci'ma Cjp0^

nolii SolJaJjjlycajaJiTS,ju!?KertxicsmmJt aurohffr

m^

potm. di^»nruLmuyaeJtaifiL.

'~Qvu'lwy:. a,U enfmoa.d£ eJ i^iuLZrcynu^JLcm

-^a

tcmbiyilcj,,yen pJfuLrruu pa^e- i'urUC'

^^cidmm'^a£.Mi*A.

JciCLAaA

iienc^u aJUn

"^rH cp-

U

larqo dcjurtc it^tir, c/iZ ceuji^

ayj/M^ i-U

m

irncodcnuratuy/a. drain.

ciA.ymaltnLfv..M>anMl<im/Jzd Xni^aJa^

t^TTtWJ/?iimM/te4

fm

^{d/ourenFn UAruLjud}

hffidexienM)crtMi^utno anndzj

^m

ydU-- frtCLf to}7lo(VofroCfJenjtrieTJuanJ-vnray

fCP.uroaiouno nlaeJcnsa.tnIxtCAJSOJp,^

\jefM-nuuLrtL(f lajpjvnMj M-hill*jreL -Hfrcru) isde^^uuL^</^bsr t/ivmitye/^i/l oic^jfuhi danM- no"m.

d

^{h-^oj}(y

a mMz

muyCjcojopfaxdra~dL.mad?o JuJar^ntctssl huidodcOtJumric (II-tTditsc Its\fuinf^V f)»ri suJu/nnh) duiadtyfid^utiAmut..di_..

A^

FACSIMILEOFFirst

Page

of

Calderon

Letter of1675

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS _{VOL. 95.NO.}

16, PL.2

^rLjLcAc._Jj.iurmrt€p.

A I

of~\h<^M ^jiccJ^i^iA.

^y^'^eicKyitpelix/lu

'uh^lrun: i'.:^hL^CZrrt

yjl pjura.

hna

fru

•ft.-jvicJx:th.rad^.\u

ha

Itnjiuu

mAJ

Co^

Su^

d-jC.u hj^rms IcL^j

yuma. Oc

^auaJrc

/m

J7VUScliU

-W^

'010 /^urz iHUUIiZJ^U)

Ulde^'^^y^^^^i/jrht/era^can-yeinloa^a^

-Hcnii

CMiJ^jJ.v'^-r^i^ ^,,-,^

>e

.__!

tnnu hr'aumMjb.L^,

Ayacnh:piAvtrr,ac7

ijfmlij.

'P'^^J

de^el CcnferJv: ^^'Jai4A£.nax>elCajmn^

^

Oona 'J

^Oochu

'Jnd^ Ohr\/mri^.

FACSIMILE OF

Second Page

of

Calderon

Letter of1675

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS _{VOL.95, NO.16,} FL.3

^> ⁾ \^ __Jirtiyuiad

xA/nnji

• Jfutrv Oi/arTUiYiOcU Gryuntu ofl

o^

Ajl-undo. <Ls(L J,jXrAairr dupi'tt^^At- yaiUi/fCAUM ill

J^MTy

doch&iAcL.^ST

j^ ^aula

^{Lf^undfol}

^{(k/^i^t^J}

^{OMn^}

fraUjuoj la^0ochtruLj'

l^ar

ax^ J'a.rt^

Jpnn

^{oiLL^ij/Z}dtJfioblaJa.ryJUfcL-f'.^/tiu aOffzZUdiuu U-ile^

^

Cai^n/ih'uLcL>

JtJoh'XA_.j^eLtLrrIa-cwj:Qnt^_de^fiwri

^

cL^-fua^ara^Islac

San

Jiuut

cUtW

norrUrw.^A-anf U.dje^J'.ifcarodtJf^oh)

^machah(^. a.qwihv L.at-J"jfixt/^to.

^^

li^tiATeJf^A. Oochin^dt.fS.JxrrfJiuUl V}$chLtTA^'^ta.cuyfx.OmcPj-djL.^tA.t>iU<

^y

i^iaJ^uA.^yotnua.L"cL-Sjfnin^

lax^Coni.jy^{o^tjl-cUa}

de^^

Juan-

di.^

fqiuho ahuds^.^/tdtodi-MuJi'.dtioJtJ^

liL^JT,/^2hnui Jju&AauiuA.,

da

xLuAjJ

V/.'0xn:ju2^di. GfoJyioL

tn

oho nmUnuiJ CscOinoi fn-si.eiy7x cjcS:

Jmu cLMi

mail^cjiu-

u

^{la^maMfr}de^ hda.t. ohx.A^

letdij^x^wrljtctu'f' ^{d.'/^->}-^^/rk)uHutu JjrrJ.inuuu.OhL. ^'/hrv

dc/

\

Facsimile of

Third Page

of

Calderon

Letterof

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 95, NO. 16,PL. 4

oho ucmhjLC^iinttfii.p- cUjOiAa.Jjl. c^,

OcJm-f'fftc^ Oochiriaj

Uj ^^

Jucj-m

Oil. Ix-Ciiii/icatLonauf^.

^m^

^^/sut»

Ac/ X

^'ii'''rvcftu iimra^

Omn

de.J^ir.h/Uj

I.XL ncrmoivcum o-uj/c^rcMjtcpiu.'icnf-t.1^

hb cK,Sthnh-iJCtnoi Cen'^ri<:jjir:^f) CnC/raJ

J\:77 U,hi<n4uunaco,-tavhairJo. tfiLjdochl

ruiai S.lliujo^calabunufal (lc//a^m iuncut -YcJuu ir:itn aiCoiu^rurjifTr Cnirut, Ci^JSALii.CiUr^iO cjrila.-Ocftnra.ACpkxtiY

Jtc. pn'^{/t-K7,-i^/rf}

ociMrH

el Ticctu^- yfaria. JiiX.auudc Isui/ctiiurMasiL

^^i^

iKc^ySy^hJ'i>JH'Ult..(VCn JkUhtz-cuLAcrdo

ji

J>vh^iUriL utoho,jr^fiAe.jy

CoulMJ^

--^CUjvantep'cr

uU

ocnorfta.Sut,

m

ul JfkPMcUC4rruner] ffy /tCncarnaanLiUaJ

S^

^{Cru^(ic-}Jlxi\ia''(^her /doMT(Wl^caAo lixJauj-uL.a-tJh.

Hn

^'j'hpiranonuJTtno.

'ciJugycs

Panhyy

ouio c^L-^^fi^troJU/7tJ ^'

rLfmu-j] ;i/^L^ J}/rzuma^Am^£ellaxifri^

Facsimile

of fourth Page

of

Calderon Letter

of 1675

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS _{VOL.95, NO.16, PL. 5}

1^

K)ifXWU)misme Lnrfru£.lwfutt JtuaLLcAoco^- lisaujL^eJ^no/fa/TiMcri-dumufnt^'Yvo £n^^

JenChuaJniii.y/ktOiaL..Cciru.^oakt^occ

11.^api.^^auU(L. ysachi.OcmuJijuiyf/?A.

(J^'ft, Cxxt^lo.Cclomim...Coltit. CucPii-

*'"'

Va/ida. auritrfc ohanomrntMJ^KicMuu at^

aoccmas de^ 4YeinbL')l^cunffsj^hesaatJa/iJ-c

U)haJjiL.S. Callerac-4>ocomasdt^ ainh>

^

OLrntxn(^la^natiin-uaMcn ChaxAhn aui,Px.

yuiCahruL-OnahJulti el hj-Jumo-jr^{n«^iL-} Its cumplio^u^o^Jzo pcjT^-eJ^{OML^''ttn^C^}

Q

^{yno UL-Junu)}

dd

ana t>aJi^Ae^J'txj/

CunftpffJlknhL^auxhror Cn

MUxJ

o/u^c CnIfhitMvnasj-in fioUncwmj^fvxAS^ cJTHjl dvtancLiAcsrnASOjt-Cjuafrormi amhies Ita.

n\(ASUJChiscas aiuvt- J'uJfenhin ajL^a.(i^/tw ntoiwc/7mccjde^orioles-

'

^'Cnht-olj(oria/itj/oweAc oofcom*s

JU/

deyVrvOuJalrro '7v^^q/^.IJ^IZ.

JU/^

jftm^si. Ojlporcaxaaenmesaut~ onriDxcpiri'

./tt^u S^zm. ax^UCbtuh-aiu,.o^rnpitnert- dc, (ikmhr/^tltlAMOLnrts-^oun

%^

A^

'

tiL. ytf/uUt- del (/inunk^Cri^yna^ JsU. Cerr^

CA

dd

^r3irJic,'Jutrh>

du

Jluhc-!f'Ja.dg/

. (^

^^ilu

^CUyjlasdz^-^a/^n^CJ

^hL^

qu.'uMhdoIrAasL-PCfffdiM discak^^tn

0/ilidTU^di^f9dsu

c^^j^ ^dcL X^n/f

.

—

4t . . .ia3» jfe-:*SSSi.^ ..

' _,j

Facsimile of Fifth Page of

Calderon

Letter of1675

\

MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.95, NO.16, PL.

qiu-CfTTwn

y^y

JcJa.CyQch^Jlobita. fiftrulu^

atic,-i'crx.'1711o.n-^ol.K^^l^ihi^^uz-/Q- /^i

^' _{y. x-, v^}

/^r^ ^

i> fcrnth)

am

u(n-

^^^

Jji/fx-

mar

aiyfix,ilinda^cLirurr^c^e/u/U^z^

ui-ncux.dz--yuan

^

^cm

It^LLOsoji/Ia.CuuuuleljMaArjf ooo(> vcmii-

9c

^^j^icmtdv. ^.Ai

iCl^lj^'Uj d

^{acchi/iA. do}

fcca.

d

arivz TCo

dcQnrUnhs

Y^fcridG

Ul.clc.^^-QcminMoJj^.^/trtino. a.JdiIc

CilH"anc tvaoj J'crv^lla.cwni:/cuUXMhA

.

npjTln

qJTI^y^inui^^hdzj^iVfi.rrt

Mo

Of yjc ^utt•j'cVcL-cLr/c^uuj uLl.bArnL.tu^ji

HoSl'-djL-ilui^pfn-cLnlro OXtut/icaTjf ^/^

Facsimileof Sixth

Page

of

Calderon Letter

of i675

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 95, NO.16, PL.7

n

leuymdcL

dd

narfc/TxMhmO-tOAncnc-nt^

'K^

aivi.

hx^/'^^^

^{CJ^^Jhot lor}

i^c^r

^ayf<t^uAJ^Jjt/fa.C'iuUJ.

At-J&rh^^

«2/x/

^TtthL tLt^a. Yn-Hjcto diA'n.youun<nuJ .yc^peJui CnOayutUcL-Ce/hL. autJit^Jfii'DOCJu

rss

-^aJtlL-ensu^

iluruil^ dt.Ca.r'

'

U:r^cL

ei'^A^%V

dsuUkirLtw-JATX^

rtiro

liauAS iJfcL-U^UtthcLutPiJnaa,'2^

Facsimileof

Seventh Page of Calderon

LtxTtH

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL. 95, NO.16, PL.

auitrUcoax-d^ta dd^jruL-yyooIIomo 4lH pu^7hl iUlCumqu^lUrrmidt-^jAMaJSC X.-

fxel 7u) diJ^crz c^copi\£4J ojfi.in. JjlefxJt^yuj UapTonfcajim) conn in-fvuroi^-^tririJL ROJiihm.

<tfccc^riaxiDTiu di^Q'itTTd-xnJenhJuCco-rlixM in-'T^^d^cruuJ\k

Hmr

ii^tir^j^c^J'uJitru fnndDji,JiTu^dji-pucaJjog/Q[^iLtdc^O/rtiokO"

4"''

^ycrUMri. Cv-thiOAS^rirr.•'^' k-ijftyu.})^irxier.

^, M

nuiAa lad/'

U

^t>

(^nq\UM^i-y

an

JnMcJ^fihJiriaT, (Xa.uaniY

^^.tni/rrcUJ''-J^'-nVn/d&/fi>uCch/frrruuuru

CiM-iLay-^unijihcrfnam.

U

(fniMajo^ GLan^VJL

•p_(ji£jiajdz.rrutiUm^antnau t-vnAufrnnarn.

J-ii-irniMJU- J.IU

^msu

^ou-aiO'^janJin«^co,

CjTcckM(Yyna^natio'.iija,oLuunanJUiuAm^

FACSIMrLE OF

EtGHTH PAGE

OF

CALDERON

LETTER OF 1675

SMITHSONIANMISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.95, NO.16, PL.9

s

^.JlnaanCn Caxnu cenJoL,ynHfuiiMU^Unhtrx,

(U-rrmzCi-TfZimiii, CaUhljcu^ SuaiSu4Ul/

.llvnanJ^lJ^j,^{l^CcaAj}j^tJca.lcrmu'

i,r^'a.

Qr^M at/ mar

qyu.Ou^-etty

ed&n^

CxlimiVj

Z

lUman Oumtu-a-cimaraa^

m*^

cyicp/ejhorraiuyfa. C&rlc/a.

mny

^rui'u2f

^

^luUjj

enj-ujOLffaj SotoJohM /%

arm^^

^'^

Cm

ymui^LU

dc^O

CruuruL- J'm. ofroiliru.

'\^ )Pp^J'lruuKiXilkJM^nm^hi/V^

\^i \i.izenCnrrudu) dit/k. QuseLy

qiuUUm^im/

trx.dc-

^{(mH),(^mceua, dt^unJiOjjdvn}

^Uda

•5 liiunan-iM;i:iM. cLrndt/yu^tri cJ fri^rn4L

"Si' --- ^{-'^}

Facsimileof Ninth

Page of Calderon

Letter of1675

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.95,NO.16, PL.

J&m&f

di"i^'ifji^On,yruiyelm

c^m fmm ^f'^

fjuj/rrofinla a-K^{J^ltSiA.}am^^^irae^p

tzL.

JmUUTL

aiUL.^nYlptuarolfcMw^Jtif

fn ^dird

^{ccmutT^si^cLJemlmuycemo}

^m4

do^ jL-hAfften^{cmiiiJ^laJfntTy}

^'^y^

Junto. iJflj^j/c^iyj

^'huUTO^Odi'^^

en/fa,

(?iotl^^^pJ^i^jC^^^^^^^

tWt

en, cmhn'ru) dcVneL-Arrxn- Pt^j

Qi '(tmiao dochtnuituff pgJuitv/i' (o^i-r-

CiX,a/(iuAnimas.

J^'

Facsimileof

Tenth Page

of

Calderon

Letter of1675

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS _VOL.95,NO.

V

%

^.

til/ irfijCMVX-nwneJ^un*

wm/

^{trJrt^-^j}

— -

^nununoiU'

aJay7a^>

un

ruTKm' JdoLiJnujjfi*^^

ran(xm

MMcLm

Unrru/?trunJijLrrmy-S-ydL^

de.^Mna.^no/TMa/v Cn

Lj^hiye/?m<^

tuduleslajrruMtfu a4 CJJo<Lt^»^'^'"^^

ix&o

^Cm

hm.UzJ7uwiaJ.QcLuocun.-e/rJiXi frmriH)aj^J^^zeye/ur'acuJiirUo/ixw-

a/

Ufj^iuixn^<</ohrucrraicomtJTibitJ

/5^

Jj^W-tcnthnaAJQcchr*jnrau%aruuen/fx-Jhrui

VlJ^Jucrujr yu^rmS. avu. y?tij(zxiJ.

'(lUiyTmnJU)

cm

hdoJiyPenua e/^TffrirvA^

r; i

Facsimile of

Eleventh Page

of

Calderon

Letter of 1675

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ^{VOL. 95,NO.}

^

J(u-Jf*^'U ^{/n^<^^} ^

FACSIMILE OF

TWELFTH PAGE OFCALDERON

LETTER OF 1675