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BEYOND BINARY: A GENDER AND LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF PRONOUN 'THEY'

Ananda Putri Noviana [1], Rohmani Nur Indah [2]

ȏʹȐǡ’—–”‹‘˜‹ƒƒͳͻͲ̷‰ƒ‹ŽǤ…‘

ȏͳȐǡȏʹȐǡƒ—ŽƒƒƒŽ‹„”ƒŠ‹ƒŽƒ‰Ǥ

ƒŽƒ‰ǡ†‘‡•‹ƒ

Abstractǣ‡†‡”†‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‹‘‘……—”•™Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ”‡…‘•‹•–‡–Ž›”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘—•‹‰

‰‡†‡”Ǧ•’‡…‹ˆ‹… ’”‘‘—•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ̵Š‡̵ ‘” ̵•Š‡ǡ’ ‹””‡•’‡…–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‡š’”‡••‡† ‰‡†‡”

‹†‡–‹–› ‘” ’”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡Ǥ Š‹• •–—†› ‡šƒ‹‡• –Š‡ …‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ ‰‡†‡” ƒ†

•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹… –Š‡‘”›‹ …‘•–”—…–‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‘‘— ̵‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›•‹‰—Žƒ” –Š‡›̵ ‹ ‰Ž‹•ŠǤ

††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ ‹– ƒƒŽ›œ‡† –Š‡ ˆƒ…–‘”• –Šƒ– ‹’ƒ…– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•̵ ”‡•’‘•‡• –‘ ‹–• —•ƒ‰‡ –‘

’”‘’‘•‡ƒ‘”‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡approach to addressing and using ‘nonǦ„‹ƒ”›•‹gular they’ to

‹–‹‰ƒ–‡ †‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• •–—†› ‡’Ž‘›‡† ƒ “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š ƒ†

—–‹Ž‹œ‡†‰‡†‡”‡“—‹–›ƒ†•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”‹‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤŠ‹••–—†›…‘†—…–‡†

…‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡Ž‹„”ƒ”›”‡•‡ƒ”…Š™‹–Šƒ…‘…‡’–—ƒŽˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™—•‹‰

•‡…‘†ƒ”› †ƒ–ƒǤ Š‡ •–—†› ”‡•—Ž–• •Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ …‘…‡’– ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡” ƒ† •‘…‹‘…—Ž–—”ƒŽ

ˆƒ…–‘”• ’Žƒ› ƒ …‡–”ƒŽ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ ”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘‘— ̵‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›

•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›Ǥ’ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰–Š‡‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽƒ––‹–—†‡•–‘™ƒ”†•

‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•…ƒ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Š‡‹”Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡‘ˆ–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—

̵‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”› •‹‰—Žƒ” –Š‡›Ǥ̵ Š‹• ˆ‹†‹‰ ƒŽ•‘ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡” –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ

—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ†–Š‡…‘…‡’–‘ˆ‰‡†‡”ǡƒ†–Š‡‘”‡ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›

‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ™‹–Š ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”› ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡” –Š‡ •—’’‘”– ˆ‘” –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ ̵‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›

•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›Ǥ’Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‡ˆˆ‘”–•–‘‹…”‡ƒ•‡ƒ‹Ǧ†‡’–Š—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ‰Ž‹•Šƒ†–Š‡

…‘…‡’– ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡” ƒ”‡ ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ –‘ ”‡ƒŽ‹œ‹‰ ‰‡†‡” ‡“—ƒŽ‹–› –Š”‘—‰Š ‰‡†‡”Ǧ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡

’”‘‘—•: ‘theyǤ’

Keywordsǣ•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›ǡ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›ǡ‰‡†‡”ƒ†Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

INTRODUCTION

”‡…‡–›‡ƒ”•ǡƒƒ–›’‹…ƒŽ‘……—””‡…‡–‘‘’Žƒ…‡™Š‡”‡‹ƒ•–—†‡–ƒˆˆ‹Ž‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Šƒ•ƒ—†‹

‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ••‡”–‡† –Š‡‹” ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ƒ• ‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ ‘” ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›Ǥ ‡‰”‡––ƒ„Ž›ǡ –Š‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘

…—Ž‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡•–—†‡–„‡‹‰•—„Œ‡…–‡†–‘’—„Ž‹…„—ŽŽ›‹‰„›–Š‡—‹˜‡”•‹–›Ž‡…–—”‡”ȋ‡™•

†‘‡•‹ƒǡ ʹͲʹʹȌǤ Š‹• ‘……—””‡…‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–• ƒ †‡ˆ‹…‹‡…› ‹ …‘’”‡Š‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ†˜ƒ…‹‰ •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…

‘™Ž‡†‰‡…‘…‡”‹‰‰‡†‡”†‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ†•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™Š‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ•ƒ”–‹•–•ǡ

‹…Ž—†‹‰•‹‰‡”•„‡ƒ”‹‰–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ•ǡǡƒ†ǡƒŽ‘‰•‹†‡‘ˆˆ•’”‹‰‘ˆƒ”–‹•–•™‹–Š–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ•ǡ

Šƒ˜‡’—„Ž‹…Ž›‡š’”‡••‡†–Š‡‹”‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–›‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”•ǤŠ‡•‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•

Šƒ˜‡–ƒ‡–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡–‘‘†‹ˆ›–Š‡‹”’”‡ˆ‡””‡†’”‘‘—•–‘̵–Š‡›Ȁ–Š‡.’‡•’‹–‡–Š‡ƒ••‡”–‹‘‘ˆ

”‡…‡‹˜‹‰•—’’‘”–ˆ”‘–Š‡‹”‡˜‹”‘‡–ǡ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‹–‡”‡–—•‡”•’‡”•‹•–‹‡‰ƒ‰‹‰‹ƒ…–•‘ˆ‹•—Ž–‹‰

ƒ† ”‡ˆ‡””‹‰ –‘ ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”› ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• —•‹‰ ‰‡†‡”‡† ’”‘‘—• •—…Š ƒ• ‘Š‡’ ‘” ‘•Š‡ǡ’ ™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡

–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›‡’Ž‘›‡†–‘†‡‘–‡„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–‹‡•ȋ‡œǤʹͲʹʹȌǡȋ‘‘ŽǡʹͲʹʹȌǤŠ‡‡‡”‰‡…‡‘ˆ

‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ‘”‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›•‡ŽˆǦ‹†‡–‹–›‡š’”‡••‹‘‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒǡƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‡—•‡‘ˆƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡

’”‘‘—•ǡŠƒ•Ž‡†–‘ƒ‘–ƒ„Ž‡Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǣ–Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵

“

ƒ†ƒ—–”‹‘˜‹ƒƒȏͳȐǡ‘Šƒ‹—”†ƒŠȏʹȐ

Š‹• ”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‹• …”—…‹ƒŽ „‡…ƒ—•‡ ’”‘‘—• ‘ˆ–‡ ƒ’’‡ƒ” ‹ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ

‹–‡”˜‹‡™•ǡ„‹‘‰”ƒ’Š‹‡•ǡƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒˆ‘”•ȋ Ž‘”‡––ƒǡʹͲʹ͵ȌǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡƒ”‘‡–‹‘•‹Š‹•

„‘‘‡–‹–Ž‡†Šƒ–̵•‘—””‘‘—ǫ‡›‘†‡ƒ†Š‡ǡ—‹˜‡”•‹–‹‡•‹–Š‡‡•–Ž‹‡ƒ”˜ƒ”†ƒ†

‹‡•‘–ƒŠƒ˜‡ƒ†‡’”‘‘—•„‡…‘‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡‹…Ž—•‹˜‡‘˜‡‡–‹–Š‡™‘”Ž†‘ˆ‡†—…ƒ–‹‘„›

…ƒ””›‹‰‘—–•‡˜‡”ƒŽ’‘Ž‹…‹‡•ǡ”ƒ‰‹‰ˆ”‘‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰‡ƒ…Š•–—†‡––‘†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡‹”’”‘‘—ǡƒ‡ǡƒ†

‰‡†‡”ƒ†‰‹˜‹‰’—‹•Š‡–‘”•ƒ…–‹‘•ˆ‘”‘–”‡•’‡…–‹‰’”‘‘—•ǡƒ’‡”•‘̵•ƒ‡ǡƒ†‰‡†‡”

ȋƒ”‘ǡʹͲʹͲȌǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š‹–‘Ž›ˆ—…–‹‘•ƒ•ƒ•—„•–‹–—–‡™‘”†ǡ’”‘‘—•Šƒ˜‡ƒ—”‰‡…›‹Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‡•• ƒ† „‡…‘‡ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ ‘‡̵• ‹†‡–‹–› ȋ Ž‘”‡––ƒǡ ʹͲʹ͵ȌǤ Š‡ǡ ™Šƒ– ƒ„‘—– ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǫ‘–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡’”‘‘—•ƒ•–Š‡‹”‹†‡–‹–›ǫ

†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ƒ’‡”•‘™‹–Šƒ’”‘‘—‹•ˆƒ…‡†™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ’”‘‘—•‹‰Ž‹•Šȋƒ„‹Žƒ

‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǡ™Š‹…Šƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽŽ‹‹–‡†to two binaries: ‘he’ for men and ‘she’ for women. In addition, The presence of the reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’ as a reference that is not limited by gender bias that …ƒƒ˜‘‹†•‡š‹•ǡ„‡‘”‡‹…Ž—•‹˜‡ǡƒ†‘–†‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ȋƒ—•…Š‡”‡–

ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹʹȌ‹•ƒŽ•‘•–‹ŽŽ‹‰‘”‡†„›•‘…‹‡–›Ǥƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”–‘‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‹–Š’”‘‘—•

ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡‹” •‡šǡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ̵• ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ’”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ ‘” ‰‡†‡” ‹†‡–‹–›Ǥ Š‹•

’”‘‘‹ƒŽ ‡‰Ž‡…– …ƒ ƒˆˆ‡…– •‡ŽˆǦƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ǡ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ –‘ ‡–ƒŽ Š‡ƒŽ–Š †‹•‘”†‡”•Ǥ Ž‡…–—”‡” ‹

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›ƒ–‹…–‘”‹ƒ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡŽ‡‘•‹‰ǡ‡–‹‘‡†–Šƒ–‹•‰‡†‡”‹‰‘”–Š‡‹•–ƒ‡‘ˆ…ƒŽŽ‹‰

’”‘‘—•ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡‹‡†‹ƒ–‡‡˜‹”‘‡–ǡ…ƒ”‡•—Ž–‹ƒ†‡…Ž‹‡‹‡–ƒŽŠ‡ƒŽ–ŠǤ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ

‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‘”‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘ˆ‡‡Ž†‹•‘™‡†‘”˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‡†Šƒ˜‡–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–‘Šƒ˜‡•—‹…‹†ƒŽ

‹†‡ƒ–‹‘ǡ†‹•’Žƒ›†‡’”‡••‹˜‡•›’–‘•ǡƒ†ƒ––‡’–•—‹…‹†‡ȋ Ž‘”‡––ƒǡʹͲʹ͵ȌǤ

Š‡ ƒ„•‡…‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ”‡…‘•–”—…–‡† ’”‘‘— ̵–Š‡›̵ Šƒ• •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ”ƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡŠ‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰–Š‡‹–”‹…ƒ–‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡’”‘…‡••‡•ƒ†–Š‡‡†‡ƒ˜‘”ˆ‘”

‰‡†‡”‡“—‹–›‹•‘…‹‡–›ǤŠ‹•”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’…ƒ„‡ˆ—”–Š‡”‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ† •‘…‹‡–›ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡• ‘‡̵• ‰‡†‡” …‘•–”—…–‹‘Ǥ ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ† •‘…‹‡–› Šƒ˜‡ ƒ

”‡…‹’”‘…ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ǣŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹•ƒ’”‘†—…––Šƒ–‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡•‘…‹‡–›̵•…—Ž–—”‡Ǣ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–‹•

—•‡†ƒ†ƒˆˆ‡…–••‘…‹‡–›Ǥ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‡”˜‡•ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ•–Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹…Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‡š’”‡••

–Š‡‹”•‡ŽˆǦ‹†‡–‹–›ȋ†›ƒ‹ǡʹͲͳͶȌƒ†ƒ•ƒ”‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘‘ˆ•‘…‹‘…—Ž–—”ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•ȋƒ„‹Žƒ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲʹͳǢ ƒǡ ʹͲʹͲȌǤ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ ‹– ‹• …Ž‘•‡Ž› ‹–‡”–™‹‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡• ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡” ‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ƒ• ‹–

ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡• –Š‡ †‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘…‹‡–ƒŽ ‘”• ƒ„‘—– ‰‡†‡” Œ—•–‹…‡ ȋƒŽ‹›ƒŠǡ ʹͲͳͻȌǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ

’‡‘’Ž‡‡‡†–‘–ƒ‡’ƒ”–„›—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ†ƒ’’Ž›‹‰the reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’ by

Ž‘‘‹‰ƒ–‹–ˆ”‘–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡…‘…‡’–‘ˆ‰‡†‡”Œ—•–‹…‡ƒ†–Š‡—†‡”Ž›‹‰Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›Ǥ

Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵–Šƒ–ƒ’’‡ƒ”•‹–Š‡’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ†‡†‹…ƒ–‹‘ƒ•

‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ‹•…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ˆ‘”‡˜‡”›‘‡–‘ƒ……‡’–Ǥ‘‡’‡‘’Ž‡”‡Œ‡…––Š‹•”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—•‡

‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”† ̵–Š‡›̵ „‡…ƒ—•‡ ‹– ‹• …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ –‘ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ ‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ˆ”‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ

‘‡–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ–Š‡•‡…Šƒ‰‡•ƒ”‡‹‘”†‡”™‹–Š„”‘ƒ†‡”•‘…‹‘…—Ž–—”ƒŽ…Šƒ‰‡•ƒ†ƒ”‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž––‘ƒ˜‘‹†

ȋ‘‡ŽŽ›Ƭ‘™’‡”ǡʹͲʹͲȌǤ–Š‹•…ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵…ƒ„‡‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ž›

ƒ……‡’–‡†„›—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‰‡†‡”–Š‡‘”›ƒ†Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”‹‡•ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ

‘˜‡”–‹‡ǡ •‘…‹‡–ƒŽ ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• …Šƒ‰‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ ‹– ‹…”‡ƒ•‡• –Š‡

—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ƒ•ƒ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‘”‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡”Ǥ

Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵‹•ƒ–‘’‹…–Šƒ–‹•”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘„‘–Š‰‡†‡”Œ—•–‹…‡–Š‡‘”›

ƒ†•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›Ǥ‡†‡”Œ—•–‹…‡–Š‡‘”›Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–•–Š‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ…‡‘ˆ”‡…‘‰‹œ‹‰ƒ†˜ƒŽ—‹‰

–Š‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–‹‡•ǡ™Š‹…Š”‡“—‹”‡•–Š‡ƒ†‘’–‹‘‘ˆ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡’”‘‘—•–‘”‡’Žƒ…‡‰‡†‡”‡†

pronouns such as ‘he’ and ‘sheǤ…‘–”ƒ•–ǡ•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•Š‘™Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ†‹–•

—•ƒ‰‡ …ƒ ‹””‘” ƒ† ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡ •‘…‹‡–ƒŽ ‘”•ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ –Š‘•‡ ƒ„‘—– ‰‡†‡”Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡

”‡…‘•–”—…–‹on of the pronoun ‘they’ can be analyzed through the point of view of sociolinguistic theory

–‘•‡‡Š‘™–Š‡…Š‘‹…‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”’”‘‘—•…ƒƒˆˆ‡…–•‘…‹ƒŽ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ‰‡†‡”ƒ†‹†‡–‹–›

†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ

In this context, the reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’ can be considered an attempt to expand

–Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡ ’”‘‘—• —”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ‰‡†‡” ‹†‡–‹–‹‡•Ǥ  –Š‹• ™ƒ›ǡ ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ

’”‘‘—• …ƒ Š‡Ž’ ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡ ”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡” ‹†‡–‹–› †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† ƒ˜‘‹† –Š‡ ‰‡†‡”

†‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‘ˆ–‡ ‘……—”• ‹ „‹ƒ”›ǦŽ‡ƒ‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡• ƒ† …—Ž–—”‡•Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡

reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’ through the perspective of gender theory and sociolinguistics

•Š‘™• Š‘™ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ …ƒ „‡ ƒ …”—…‹ƒŽ ‹•–”—‡– ‹ ’”‘‘–‹‰ ‰‡†‡” Œ—•–‹…‡ ƒ† ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡

”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘‘ˆ‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–›†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ

“

Š‹• ”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‹• …”—…‹ƒŽ „‡…ƒ—•‡ ’”‘‘—• ‘ˆ–‡ ƒ’’‡ƒ” ‹ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ

‹–‡”˜‹‡™•ǡ„‹‘‰”ƒ’Š‹‡•ǡƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒˆ‘”•ȋ Ž‘”‡––ƒǡʹͲʹ͵ȌǤ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡƒ”‘‡–‹‘•‹Š‹•

„‘‘‡–‹–Ž‡†Šƒ–̵•‘—””‘‘—ǫ‡›‘†‡ƒ†Š‡ǡ—‹˜‡”•‹–‹‡•‹–Š‡‡•–Ž‹‡ƒ”˜ƒ”†ƒ†

‹‡•‘–ƒŠƒ˜‡ƒ†‡’”‘‘—•„‡…‘‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡‹…Ž—•‹˜‡‘˜‡‡–‹–Š‡™‘”Ž†‘ˆ‡†—…ƒ–‹‘„›

…ƒ””›‹‰‘—–•‡˜‡”ƒŽ’‘Ž‹…‹‡•ǡ”ƒ‰‹‰ˆ”‘‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰‡ƒ…Š•–—†‡––‘†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡‹”’”‘‘—ǡƒ‡ǡƒ†

‰‡†‡”ƒ†‰‹˜‹‰’—‹•Š‡–‘”•ƒ…–‹‘•ˆ‘”‘–”‡•’‡…–‹‰’”‘‘—•ǡƒ’‡”•‘̵•ƒ‡ǡƒ†‰‡†‡”

ȋƒ”‘ǡʹͲʹͲȌǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š‹–‘Ž›ˆ—…–‹‘•ƒ•ƒ•—„•–‹–—–‡™‘”†ǡ’”‘‘—•Šƒ˜‡ƒ—”‰‡…›‹Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‡•• ƒ† „‡…‘‡ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ ‘‡̵• ‹†‡–‹–› ȋ Ž‘”‡––ƒǡ ʹͲʹ͵ȌǤ Š‡ǡ ™Šƒ– ƒ„‘—– ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǫ‘–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡’”‘‘—•ƒ•–Š‡‹”‹†‡–‹–›ǫ

†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ƒ’‡”•‘™‹–Šƒ’”‘‘—‹•ˆƒ…‡†™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ’”‘‘—•‹‰Ž‹•Šȋƒ„‹Žƒ

‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǡ™Š‹…Šƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽŽ‹‹–‡†to two binaries: ‘he’ for men and ‘she’ for women. In addition, The presence of the reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’ as a reference that is not limited by gender bias that …ƒƒ˜‘‹†•‡š‹•ǡ„‡‘”‡‹…Ž—•‹˜‡ǡƒ†‘–†‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ȋƒ—•…Š‡”‡–

ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹʹȌ‹•ƒŽ•‘•–‹ŽŽ‹‰‘”‡†„›•‘…‹‡–›Ǥƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”–‘‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‹–Š’”‘‘—•

ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡‹” •‡šǡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ̵• ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ’”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ ‘” ‰‡†‡” ‹†‡–‹–›Ǥ Š‹•

’”‘‘‹ƒŽ ‡‰Ž‡…– …ƒ ƒˆˆ‡…– •‡ŽˆǦƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ǡ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ –‘ ‡–ƒŽ Š‡ƒŽ–Š †‹•‘”†‡”•Ǥ Ž‡…–—”‡” ‹

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›ƒ–‹…–‘”‹ƒ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡŽ‡‘•‹‰ǡ‡–‹‘‡†–Šƒ–‹•‰‡†‡”‹‰‘”–Š‡‹•–ƒ‡‘ˆ…ƒŽŽ‹‰

’”‘‘—•ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡‹‡†‹ƒ–‡‡˜‹”‘‡–ǡ…ƒ”‡•—Ž–‹ƒ†‡…Ž‹‡‹‡–ƒŽŠ‡ƒŽ–ŠǤ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ

‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‘”‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘ˆ‡‡Ž†‹•‘™‡†‘”˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‡†Šƒ˜‡–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–‘Šƒ˜‡•—‹…‹†ƒŽ

‹†‡ƒ–‹‘ǡ†‹•’Žƒ›†‡’”‡••‹˜‡•›’–‘•ǡƒ†ƒ––‡’–•—‹…‹†‡ȋ Ž‘”‡––ƒǡʹͲʹ͵ȌǤ

Š‡ ƒ„•‡…‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ”‡…‘•–”—…–‡† ’”‘‘— ̵–Š‡›̵ Šƒ• •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ”ƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡŠ‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰–Š‡‹–”‹…ƒ–‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡’”‘…‡••‡•ƒ†–Š‡‡†‡ƒ˜‘”ˆ‘”

‰‡†‡”‡“—‹–›‹•‘…‹‡–›ǤŠ‹•”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’…ƒ„‡ˆ—”–Š‡”‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ† •‘…‹‡–›ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡• ‘‡̵• ‰‡†‡” …‘•–”—…–‹‘Ǥ ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ† •‘…‹‡–› Šƒ˜‡ ƒ

”‡…‹’”‘…ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ǣŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹•ƒ’”‘†—…––Šƒ–‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡•‘…‹‡–›̵•…—Ž–—”‡Ǣ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–‹•

—•‡†ƒ†ƒˆˆ‡…–••‘…‹‡–›Ǥ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‡”˜‡•ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ•–Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹…Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‡š’”‡••

–Š‡‹”•‡ŽˆǦ‹†‡–‹–›ȋ†›ƒ‹ǡʹͲͳͶȌƒ†ƒ•ƒ”‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘‘ˆ•‘…‹‘…—Ž–—”ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•ȋƒ„‹Žƒ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲʹͳǢ ƒǡ ʹͲʹͲȌǤ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ ‹– ‹• …Ž‘•‡Ž› ‹–‡”–™‹‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‹…‹’Ž‡• ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡” ‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ƒ• ‹–

ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡• –Š‡ †‹••‡‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘…‹‡–ƒŽ ‘”• ƒ„‘—– ‰‡†‡” Œ—•–‹…‡ ȋƒŽ‹›ƒŠǡ ʹͲͳͻȌǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ

’‡‘’Ž‡‡‡†–‘–ƒ‡’ƒ”–„›—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ†ƒ’’Ž›‹‰the reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’ by

Ž‘‘‹‰ƒ–‹–ˆ”‘–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡…‘…‡’–‘ˆ‰‡†‡”Œ—•–‹…‡ƒ†–Š‡—†‡”Ž›‹‰Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›Ǥ

Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵–Šƒ–ƒ’’‡ƒ”•‹–Š‡’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ†‡†‹…ƒ–‹‘ƒ•

‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ‹•…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ˆ‘”‡˜‡”›‘‡–‘ƒ……‡’–Ǥ‘‡’‡‘’Ž‡”‡Œ‡…––Š‹•”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—•‡

‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”† ̵–Š‡›̵ „‡…ƒ—•‡ ‹– ‹• …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ –‘ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ ‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ˆ”‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ

‘‡–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ–Š‡•‡…Šƒ‰‡•ƒ”‡‹‘”†‡”™‹–Š„”‘ƒ†‡”•‘…‹‘…—Ž–—”ƒŽ…Šƒ‰‡•ƒ†ƒ”‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž––‘ƒ˜‘‹†

ȋ‘‡ŽŽ›Ƭ‘™’‡”ǡʹͲʹͲȌǤ–Š‹•…ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵…ƒ„‡‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ž›

ƒ……‡’–‡†„›—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‰‡†‡”–Š‡‘”›ƒ†Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”‹‡•ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ

‘˜‡” –‹‡ǡ •‘…‹‡–ƒŽ ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• …Šƒ‰‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ ‹– ‹…”‡ƒ•‡• –Š‡

—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ƒ•ƒ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‘”‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡”Ǥ

Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵‹•ƒ–‘’‹…–Šƒ–‹•”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘„‘–Š‰‡†‡”Œ—•–‹…‡–Š‡‘”›

ƒ†•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›Ǥ‡†‡”Œ—•–‹…‡–Š‡‘”›Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–•–Š‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ…‡‘ˆ”‡…‘‰‹œ‹‰ƒ†˜ƒŽ—‹‰

–Š‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–‹‡•ǡ™Š‹…Š”‡“—‹”‡•–Š‡ƒ†‘’–‹‘‘ˆ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡’”‘‘—•–‘”‡’Žƒ…‡‰‡†‡”‡†

pronouns such as ‘he’ and ‘sheǤ…‘–”ƒ•–ǡ•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•Š‘™Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ†‹–•

—•ƒ‰‡ …ƒ ‹””‘” ƒ† ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡ •‘…‹‡–ƒŽ ‘”•ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ –Š‘•‡ ƒ„‘—– ‰‡†‡”Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡

”‡…‘•–”—…–‹on of the pronoun ‘they’ can be analyzed through the point of view of sociolinguistic theory

–‘•‡‡Š‘™–Š‡…Š‘‹…‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”’”‘‘—•…ƒƒˆˆ‡…–•‘…‹ƒŽ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ‰‡†‡”ƒ†‹†‡–‹–›

†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ

In this context, the reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’ can be considered an attempt to expand

–Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡ ’”‘‘—• —”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ‰‡†‡” ‹†‡–‹–‹‡•Ǥ  –Š‹• ™ƒ›ǡ ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ

’”‘‘—• …ƒ Š‡Ž’ ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡ ”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡” ‹†‡–‹–› †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† ƒ˜‘‹† –Š‡ ‰‡†‡”

†‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‘ˆ–‡ ‘……—”• ‹ „‹ƒ”›ǦŽ‡ƒ‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡• ƒ† …—Ž–—”‡•Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡

reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’ through the perspective of gender theory and sociolinguistics

•Š‘™• Š‘™ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ …ƒ „‡ ƒ …”—…‹ƒŽ ‹•–”—‡– ‹ ’”‘‘–‹‰ ‰‡†‡” Œ—•–‹…‡ ƒ† ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡

”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘‘ˆ‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–›†‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ

‡˜‡”ƒŽ’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†‹‡•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵Š‡Ž’‡†”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•–‘

…‘†—…– ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ ‹”•–ǡ ”ƒ†Ž‡› ȋʹͲʹͲȌ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡† ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡ ’”‘‘—• ̵–Š‡›̵ ƒ† ̵œ‡̵ ƒ”‡

‹–‡”’”‡–‡†ƒ•‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ‘”‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆŠ‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š•Š‘™‡†–Šƒ––Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵

‹•‹–‡”’”‡–‡†ƒ•‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ‘”‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡‡™’”‘‘—̵œ‡̵Šƒ•‘–„‡‡‹–‡”’”‡–‡†

™‹–Š …‡”–ƒ‹–›Ǥ – ‹†‹…ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’”‘‘— Šƒ• ƒ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‹ ™Š‹…Š •‘…‹ƒŽ ˆƒ…–‘”• ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡ ‹–•

—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ†—•‡Ǥ‡…‘†ǡ„”ƒŠ‹‹Ƭ—••‡‹‹ȋʹͲʹͳȌ…‘’ƒ”‡†‘Ǧƒ–‹˜‡”ƒ‹ƒƒ†‘Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š •’‡ƒ‡”• —•‹‰ ‡’‹…‡‡ ’”‘‘—•Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• •Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡•‡ ™‘”†• ƒ”‡ ™‹†‡Ž› —•‡† ‹

˜ƒ”‹‘—• …‘–‡š–•ǡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ …—Ž–—”‡Ǥ Š‹”†ǡ ƒǡ —ǡ ƒ† — ȋʹͲʹʹȌ ‡š’Ž‘”‡† –Š‡ ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ ƒ†

‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‹‰—Žƒ”‰Ž‹•Š’”‘‘—•„›Ž‡ƒ”‡”•‘ˆƒ†ƒ”‹‰Ž‹•Šƒ•ƒ ‘”‡‹‰ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

ȋ ȌǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–••Š‘™‡†–Šƒ– ƒ†ƒ”‹•’‡ƒ‡”•Šƒ˜‡Š‹‰Š‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ǡ„—–Ž‘‰‡”

”‡ƒ†‹‰–‹‡‹†‹…ƒ–‡•†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–›‹ƒ†‘’–‹‰•‹‰—Žƒ”’”‘‘—•Ǥ ‘—”–Šǡƒ…‘––‡ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†–Š‡

—•‡‘ˆ’”‘‘—•‹‰Ž‹•Š–‘”‡ˆ‡”–‘’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘†‘‘–Šƒ˜‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”‰‡†‡”ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‹‰••Š‘™‡†

–Šƒ–‘•–’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•—•‡ƒ‰‡†‡”Ǧ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‹™”‹–‹‰ǡ„—–•‘‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•†‘‘–…‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ

‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‹ˆ–Šǡƒ‰—›ƒ†‹ŽŽ‹ƒ•ȋʹͲʹʹȌ‡š’Ž‘”‡†–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”’”‘‘—‘–Š‡›’

‹–Š‡…‘–‡š–‘ˆ‰‡†‡”’‘Ž‹–‹…•ƒ†‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‹‰•’‘‹––‘–Š”‡‡ƒ‹—•‡•ǣˆ‘”

‘„‹ƒ”›’‡‘’Ž‡ǡƒ•ƒ‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ’”‘‘—ǡƒ†‹…‘–‡š–•…‘˜‡”‹‰‰‡†‡”Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ†‡‡’‡š’Ž‘”ƒ–‹‘‹••–‹ŽŽ”‡“—‹”‡†•‹…‡•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•–—†‹‡••—…Šƒ•–Š‘•‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›

”ƒ†Ž‡›ȋʹͲʹͲȌǡ„”ƒŠ‹‹Ƭ‘••‡‹‹ȋʹͲʹͳȌǡƒ†ƒǡ—ǡƬ—ȋʹͲʹʹȌŠƒ˜‡†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–•‘‡

people still perceive the reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’ a•ƒ†‹•’—–ƒ„Ž‡–‘’‹…ƒ†…ƒƒˆˆ‡…––Š‡

—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”‹–›‘”’Ž—”ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ”ƒ†Ž‡›̵•”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠȋʹͲʹͲȌ

†‘‡•‘–‡š’Žƒ‹Š‘™–‘”‡ˆ‡”–‘‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‹–Š‘—–‡–‹‘‹‰‰‡†‡”Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡƒ…‘––‡ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍ

‡‡†•–‘‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ’”‘‘—•‹ƒ„”‘ƒ†‡”…‘–‡š–Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ‰—›ƒ†‹ŽŽ‹ƒ•ȋʹͲʹʹȌ†‘‘–

‡š’Žƒ‹ –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ—•‹‰•‹‰—Žƒ” ’”‘‘—• ‹ –Š‡ …‘–‡š– ‘ˆ‰‡†‡”Ǧ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ†‰‡†‡”

•–”—‰‰Ž‡•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”–”‹‡•–‘‡š’Ž‘”‡‘”‡’”‘ˆ‘—†Ž›™‹–Š–Š‡•ƒ‡ˆ‘…—•ƒ•’”‡˜‹‘—•

•–—†‹‡•ǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ˆ‘”–Š‡–Š‹”†’‡”•‘•‹‰—Žƒ”Ǥ–…ƒ„‡–Š‡ˆ‹”•–

…”—…‹ƒŽ•–‡’‹•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘ƒ†”‡•’‡…–ˆ‘”–Š‡†‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–‹‡•ˆ‘”’”‘‘–‹‰

‰‡†‡”Œ—•–‹…‡‹•‘…‹‡–›Ǥ

Š‡—‹“—‡‡••‘ˆ–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ‹–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠŽ‹‡•‹–Š‡‹Ǧ†‡’–ŠƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ

–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵‹‰Ž‹•Šƒ„‘—–‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–‹‡•ƒ†Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡•ǤŠ‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡

†‡•…”‹„‡•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹……Šƒ‰‡ƒ††‡ƒŽ•™‹–Š‰‡†‡”–Š‡‘”›ƒ†•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ǤŠ‹•‡š’Ž‘”ƒ–‹‘•Š‡†•

Ž‹‰Š– ‘ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ† •‘…‹ƒŽ ‘”•ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž› ‹ –Š‡ …‘–‡š– ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡”

‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ–Š‹•—‹“—‡•‡”‹‡•ǡ–Š‡ƒ”–‹…Ž‡•Ž‹–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ’”‡˜‹‘—•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š–‘•—’’‘”–•‘…‹ƒŽƒ†

ƒ…ƒ†‡‹…”‡Ž‡˜ƒ…‡ƒ†Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š––Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ…Šƒ‰‡–‘™ƒ”†•‰‡†‡”‹…Ž—•‹˜‡‡••–Š”‘—‰Š

–Š‡—•‡‘ˆˆƒ‹”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ

‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‹••–—†›ƒ••—‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ‰‡†‡”Ǧfair reconstruction of the pronoun ‘they’

‹‰Ž‹•Š–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡Ž‡•‘ˆ‰‡†‡”ƒ†Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•–Š‡‘”›™ƒ•‡š’‡…–‡†–‘–”‹‰‰‡”•‘…‹ƒŽ…Šƒ‰‡–‘™ƒ”†

‰‡†‡”‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ†ƒ’’Ž›‹‰‰‡†‡”Ǧˆƒ‹”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹•‘…‹‡–›‹•‡š’‡…–‡†–‘‹ˆŽ—‡…‡

ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ƒ†„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”–‘™ƒ”†‰‡†‡”‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ƒŽ•‘ƒ••—‡†–Šƒ–—•‹‰

‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽ ‰Ž‹•Š ’”‘‘— ”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘•™‘—Ž† ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ —•‡‘ˆ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡‘ˆ ƒŽŽ

‰‡†‡”•ƒ†•–”‡‰–Š‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡‰‡†‡”ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ƒ†‰‡†‡”‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•‘…‹‡–›Ǥ

ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ „ƒ…‰”‘—† ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–—†› ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ –Š‹• •–—†› ƒ‹‡† –‘ ‘„–ƒ‹ƒ …Ž‡ƒ” ƒ† †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†

†‡•…”‹’–‹‘‘ˆŠ‘™–Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵‹‰Ž‹•Š…ƒ„‡ƒƒŽ›œ‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡Ž‡•

‘ˆ‰‡†‡”–Š‡‘”›ƒ†•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›Ǥ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”ǡ–Š‹••–—†›ƒ•™‡”‡†–™‘“—‡•–‹‘•ǣͳȌŠƒ–

‹•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‘…‡’–‘ˆ‰‡†‡”ƒ†•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›‹”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‰̵‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›•‹‰—Žƒ”̵

’”‘‘—•‹‰Ž‹•ŠǫʹȌŠƒ–˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ƒˆˆ‡…–•ƒ’‡”•‘̵•”‡ƒ…–‹‘–‘—•‹‰–Š‡‹”̵‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›•‹‰—Žƒ”̵ǫ

Š‡ Ž‹„”ƒ”› ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‡–Š‘† —•‡† ‹ –Š‹• •–—†› —•‡† ƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ƒ• ƒ …‘…‡’–—ƒŽ

ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ǤŠ‹•Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™‡šƒ‹‡†‘”…”‹–‹…ƒŽŽ›ƒ•‡†ˆ‘”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹†‡ƒ•ǡ‘”‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•

‹ •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹… Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡Ǥ – ƒŽ•‘ …‘’‘•‡† –Š‡‘”‡–‹…ƒŽ ƒ† ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ …‘–”‹„—–‹‘• –‘ –Š‡ –‘’‹…•ǡ

ƒ‡Ž›–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ˆ‘”–Š‡–Š‹”†’‡”•‘•‹‰—Žƒ”ȋ‘‘’‡”ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒ—•‡†‹–Š‹••–—†›ƒ”‡

•‡…‘†ƒ”› †ƒ–ƒ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ Œ‘—”ƒŽ ƒ”–‹…Ž‡•ǡ „‘‘•ǡ …‘ˆ‡”‡…‡ ’”‘…‡‡†‹‰•ǡ –Š‡•‡•ǡ ƒ† ‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽ

™‡„•‹–‡•–Šƒ–†‹•…—••–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ˆ‘”–Š‡ •‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‹”†’‡”•‘ǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘—––Š‡’”‘‘—

̵•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›̵™‡”‡’‡”‹‘†‹…ƒŽŽ›‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡†Ǥ–™ƒ•ƒ……‘’ƒ‹‡†„›†‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡…‘’”‡Š‡•‹‘ƒ†

‡Ž—…‹†ƒ–‹‘ǡƒŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†‘”‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡’”‘„Ž‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡–‘’‹…—†‡”

‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‡…‡‹˜‡ƒ†‡•…”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ‡™–Š‡‘”‹‡•ǡˆ‹†‹‰•ǡƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡƒ†–Š‡‡–ƒŽ‹–›‡’Ž‘›‡†

“

ƒ†ƒ—–”‹‘˜‹ƒƒȏͳȐǡ‘Šƒ‹—”†ƒŠȏʹȐ

™Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‹‰’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ–ƒŽ•‘ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”–‘†”ƒ™‡™…‘…Ž—•‹‘•ƒ†ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ–Š‡ƒ‹

‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•–‘†‡•…”‹„‡Š‘™‰Ž‹•Š™‘”†”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘ˆ—…–‹‘•™Š‡˜‹‡™‡†

ˆ”‘–Š‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆ‰‡†‡”ƒ†—†‡”Ž›‹‰Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›ȋ‘’ˆǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǡȋŠ‘—†Š—”›ƒ†ƒ•ǡ ʹͲʹͳȌǤ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ”‡ƒ†‡”•‰”ƒ•’–Š‡‹’ƒ…–‘ˆ‰‡†‡”‡“—‹–›ƒ†Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›‘–Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘

‘ˆ’”‘‘—•Ǥ

Š‹• •–—†› ™ƒ• …‘†—…–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š •‡˜‡”ƒŽ •–ƒ‰‡•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹”•– •–ƒ‰‡ ™ƒ• –‘ •‡ƒ”…Š ˆ‘” •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…

Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‘ ‘‘‰Ž‡ …Š‘Žƒ”ǡ ‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ–‡ǡ ƒ† ‡ƒ–‹… …Š‘Žƒ” —•‹‰ –Š‡ ‡›™‘”†• ̵‰‡†‡” ƒ†

Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ȀŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ̵̵•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›ǡ̵ƒ†̵’”‘‘—ˆ‘”‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›Ǥ̵Š‡•‡…‘†•–ƒ‰‡™ƒ••‡Ž‡…–‹‰–Š‡

Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡–Šƒ–ˆ‹––Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡…”‹–‡”‹ƒˆ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤŠ‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š—•‡†Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹ͳͻ͹ͷǦ ʹͲʹʹǡ™Š‹…Š…‘—Ž†„‡ƒ……‡••‡†‹ˆ—ŽŽǦ–‡š–‹’†ˆˆ‘”ƒ–‹†‘‡•‹ƒƒ†‰Ž‹•Š™‹–Š–Š‡•—„Œ‡…–‘ˆ

–Š‡pronoun ‘they.’ The third stage was reviewing theŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡–Šƒ–‡‡–•–Š‡…”‹–‡”‹ƒƒ„‘˜‡ƒ†Šƒ•

–Š‡ –Š‡‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ’”‘‘— ̵–Š‡›ǡ̵ –Š‡ …‘…‡’– ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡”ǡ ƒ† Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•Ǥ

‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡…‘–‡–™ƒ•ƒƒŽ›œ‡†„›‘—–Ž‹‹‰–Š‡…‘”‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Šƒ†Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”•‹‹Žƒ”‹–‹‡•ƒ†

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•–—†‹‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ†„‡‡”‡˜‹‡™‡†Ǥ—„•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡…‘…Ž—•‹‘‹•†”ƒ™–Š”‘—‰Š

‡‰‡Ž̵• †‹ƒŽ‡…–‹…ƒŽ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‡…‘’ƒ••‡• –Š‡ ‡Ž‡‡–• ‘ˆ –Š‡•‹•ǡ ƒ–‹–Š‡•‹•ǡ ƒ† •›–Š‡•‹•

ȋ‡‰‡ŽǡͳͻͳͲȌǡ‹ˆ‘”‡†„›ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•‰”‘—†‡†‹‰‡†‡”ƒ†•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›Ǥ FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS

Gender in English

ƒ”‹‘—• •–—†‹‡• ‘ ‰‡†‡” Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—–Ǥ Š‡› ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ‡ˆˆ‘”– –‘ ‡ƒ•—”‡ ƒ†

‘˜‡”…‘‡ƒŽŽ’”‘„Ž‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ”‘Ž‡••‘–Šƒ–‡ƒ†™‘‡…ƒ„‡’Žƒ…‡†‹‡“—ƒŽ

ƒ†ˆƒ‹”’‘•‹–‹‘•Ǥ‘–‘Ž›†‘‡•‹–ˆ‘…—•‘™‘‡̵•‘”‡̵•‹••—‡•ǡ„—–…—””‡–‰‡†‡”•–—†‹‡•ƒŽ•‘

ˆ‘…—•‘Š‘™ƒŽŽ’‡‘’Ž‡‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––›’‡•‘ˆ•‡š‘”‰‡†‡”‰‡––Š‡‹””‹‰Š–•‡“—‹–ƒ„Ž›ȋ‡–‹›ƒ‹‰•‹Šǡ ʹͲͳͷȌǤ

‡†‡”Šƒ•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡ƒ‹‰ˆ”‘•‡šƒ†•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ……‘”†‹‰–‘—†‹–ŠƒȋʹͲͳͷȌƒ†ƒŠƒ”Œ‘

ȋͳͻͻ͹Ȍǡ•‡š”‡ˆ‡”•–‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•‹–Š‡”‡’”‘†—…–‹˜‡‘”‰ƒ•‘ˆ‡ƒ†™‘‡ǡ™Š‹Ž‡•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›‹••‡š—ƒŽ

ƒ––”ƒ…–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ƒ–—”‡ ‘” …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š –›’‡ ‘ˆ •‡š –Šƒ– ‹• ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡† „› „‹‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ

’‡”•‘ƒŽ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡƒ†–Š‡‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ‰‡†‡””‡ˆ‡”•–‘˜‹‡™•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡• ‹ ”‘Ž‡•ǡ ˆ—…–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• „‡–™‡‡ ‡ ƒ† ™‘‡ǡ ™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡ ƒ •‘…‹ƒŽ

…‘•–”—…–‹‘ǤŠ‹•…‘•–”—…–‹‘ƒ”‹•‡•„‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡Šƒ„‹–•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ƒ‰”‡‡†—’‘ƒ†‰”‘™‹•‘…‹‡–›Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹••‘…‹ƒŽ…‘•–”—…–‹‘…ƒ„‡…Šƒ‰‡†‘˜‡”–‹‡ȋ—†‹–ŠƒǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ

Š‹•‰‡†‡”…‘•–”—…–‹‘…ƒŽ‹‹–‘‡̵•‡š’”‡••‹‘–‘‘Ž›–™‘„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”•–Š‡›ƒ”‡ƒŽ‡ƒ†

ˆ‡ƒŽ‡‘”ˆ‡‹‹‡ƒ†ƒ•…—Ž‹‡ǤŠ‡ǡ–Š‡–‡”‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‘”‡‡”‰‡†–‘”‡Œ‡…––Š‹•„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”

…‘•–”—…– ȋ‡ˆ–‹ƒǡ ʹͲʹʹȌǤ Š‡ –‡” ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”› Šƒ• „‡‡ —•‡† •‹…‡ –Š‡ ʹͲͲͲ•ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ‹ –Š‡

ƒ›‡• ƒ† …‡ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘• ȋʹͲͲͳȌ •‡‡ ‡†‡”•ǣ ‡›‘† –Š‡ ‹ƒ”‹‡•ǡ „—– –Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ Šƒ†

‡‡”‰‡†‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”‹–Š‡ͳͻͻͲ•ȋŠ‹––Ž‡‹‘”‘ǡʹͲͳͻȌǤŠ‹•‹†‡ƒ‹•ƒ—„”‡ŽŽƒˆ‘”’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘ˆ‡‡Ž–Šƒ–

–Š‡‹”‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–›†‘‡•‘–ƒ–…Š‘”ˆ‡‡Ž–Š‡›…ƒˆ‹–‹–‘–Š‡–™‘„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”•ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ”‡ˆ‡‹‹‡

ƒ†ƒ•…—Ž‹‡ȋƒ–•—‘Ƭ—†‰‡‹‘”‘ǡʹͲͳͻȌǤ

Š‡‹†‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›ƒ„‘˜‡‡š’Žƒ‹•–Šƒ–‰‡†‡”…‘•–”—…–‹‘‹•‘–ƒ•–ƒ†ƒ”†”—Ž‡Ǥ–‹•

„‡…ƒ—•‡Š‘™‡ƒ†™‘‡ƒ”‡†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡†„ƒ•‡†‘‰‡†‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘•˜ƒ”‹‡•ˆ”‘Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘–‘’Žƒ…‡ǡ

ˆ”‘…—Ž–—”‡–‘…—Ž–—”‡ǡƒ†‘‘……ƒ•‹‘ȋ‘Š‹ƒŠǡʹͲͳͶȌǤŠ—•ǡ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›’‡‘’Ž‡”‡Œ‡…–ƒ†…”‹–‹…‹œ‡

–Š‹‰•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†„›–Š‡„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”•›•–‡ǡ•—…Šƒ•–Š‡™ƒ›–‘†”‡••ƒ†‘—•‹Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

–Šƒ–ƒ”‡Žƒ„‡Ž‡†™‹–Šƒ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”‰‡†‡”ȋ‡ˆ–‹ƒǡʹͲʹʹȌǤ

ƒ›Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•Šƒ˜‡ˆ‡‹‹•–ƒ†ƒ•…—Ž‹‡‘”ƒŽ‡ƒ†ˆ‡ƒŽ‡„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”‹‡•ǡ•—…Š

ƒ•’ƒ‹•Šǡ”ƒ„‹…ǡƒ†‰Ž‹•Šȋ‡–‹›ƒ‹‰•‹ŠǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ‡–‹›ƒ‹‰•‹ŠȋʹͲͳͷȌ•ƒ‹†–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ‰‡†‡”„‹ƒ•

‹ˆƒ˜‘”‘ˆ‘‡‰‡†‡”„‡–™‡‡™‘‡ƒ†‡‹‰Ž‹•ŠǤ‡†‡”„‹ƒ•‹‰Ž‹•ŠŠƒ•„‡‡‘„•‡”˜‡†

‹ ˜‡”„ –‡•‡• ƒ† ‰”ƒƒ”ǡ ƒ• ‹†‹…ƒ–‡† „› •‘‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š —†‡”–ƒ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ™ƒ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡†‡”

‡“—ƒŽ‹–›…ƒ’ƒ‹‰Ǥ–Š‹•…ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ„•‡…‡‘ˆƒ’”‘‘—ƒ•ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‡—–”ƒŽ–Š‹”†Ǧ’‡”•‘

•‹‰—Žƒ”‹•–Š‡ƒ‹‘„•–ƒ…Ž‡–‘‰Ž‹•Š—•ƒ‰‡ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠƒ•”‡…‡–Ž›…”‡ƒ–‡†’”‘„Ž‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ

‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ•–”—…–—”‡•ǡƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‡‡‡”‰‡…‡‘ˆ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›–‡”•Ǥ

‰Ž‹•Šǡ‰‡†‡””‘Ž‡•…ƒ„‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†–Š”‘—‰Š’”‘‘—•ǡ‘—•ǡƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ǡƒ†˜‡”„•ǡ™Š‹…Š

Šƒ˜‡ƒ•…—Ž‹‡ƒ†ˆ‡‹‹‡ˆ‘”•Ǥ‘‡–‹‡•ǡ–Š‡•‡™‘”†•…ƒ”‡•—Ž–‹‰‡†‡”‹Œ—•–‹…‡ǡ•—…Šƒ•

—‡“—ƒŽ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹‰”ƒ‹‡†‰‡†‡”•–‡”‡‘–›’‡•Ǥ‡…‡ǡ‹–Š‡ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ǡ–Š‡ˆ‡‹‹•–‘˜‡‡–

“

™Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‹‰’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ–ƒŽ•‘ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”–‘†”ƒ™‡™…‘…Ž—•‹‘•ƒ†ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ–Š‡ƒ‹

‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•–‘†‡•…”‹„‡Š‘™‰Ž‹•Š™‘”†”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘ˆ—…–‹‘•™Š‡˜‹‡™‡†

ˆ”‘–Š‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆ‰‡†‡”ƒ†—†‡”Ž›‹‰Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›ȋ‘’ˆǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǡȋŠ‘—†Š—”›ƒ†ƒ•ǡ ʹͲʹͳȌǤ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ”‡ƒ†‡”•‰”ƒ•’–Š‡‹’ƒ…–‘ˆ‰‡†‡”‡“—‹–›ƒ†Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›‘–Š‡”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘

‘ˆ’”‘‘—•Ǥ

Š‹• •–—†› ™ƒ• …‘†—…–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š •‡˜‡”ƒŽ •–ƒ‰‡•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹”•– •–ƒ‰‡ ™ƒ• –‘ •‡ƒ”…Š ˆ‘” •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…

Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‘ ‘‘‰Ž‡ …Š‘Žƒ”ǡ ‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ–‡ǡ ƒ† ‡ƒ–‹… …Š‘Žƒ” —•‹‰ –Š‡ ‡›™‘”†• ̵‰‡†‡” ƒ†

Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ȀŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ̵̵•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›ǡ̵ƒ†̵’”‘‘—ˆ‘”‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›Ǥ̵Š‡•‡…‘†•–ƒ‰‡™ƒ••‡Ž‡…–‹‰–Š‡

Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡–Šƒ–ˆ‹––Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡…”‹–‡”‹ƒˆ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǤŠ‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š—•‡†Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹ͳͻ͹ͷǦ ʹͲʹʹǡ™Š‹…Š…‘—Ž†„‡ƒ……‡••‡†‹ˆ—ŽŽǦ–‡š–‹’†ˆˆ‘”ƒ–‹†‘‡•‹ƒƒ†‰Ž‹•Š™‹–Š–Š‡•—„Œ‡…–‘ˆ

–Š‡pronoun ‘they.’ The third stage was reviewing theŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡–Šƒ–‡‡–•–Š‡…”‹–‡”‹ƒƒ„‘˜‡ƒ†Šƒ•

–Š‡ –Š‡‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ’”‘‘— ̵–Š‡›ǡ̵ –Š‡ …‘…‡’– ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡”ǡ ƒ† Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•Ǥ

‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡…‘–‡–™ƒ•ƒƒŽ›œ‡†„›‘—–Ž‹‹‰–Š‡…‘”‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Šƒ†Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”•‹‹Žƒ”‹–‹‡•ƒ†

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•–—†‹‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ†„‡‡”‡˜‹‡™‡†Ǥ—„•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡…‘…Ž—•‹‘‹•†”ƒ™–Š”‘—‰Š

‡‰‡Ž̵• †‹ƒŽ‡…–‹…ƒŽ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‡…‘’ƒ••‡• –Š‡ ‡Ž‡‡–• ‘ˆ –Š‡•‹•ǡ ƒ–‹–Š‡•‹•ǡ ƒ† •›–Š‡•‹•

ȋ‡‰‡ŽǡͳͻͳͲȌǡ‹ˆ‘”‡†„›ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•‰”‘—†‡†‹‰‡†‡”ƒ†•‘…‹‘Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…–Š‡‘”›Ǥ FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS

Gender in English

ƒ”‹‘—• •–—†‹‡• ‘ ‰‡†‡” Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—–Ǥ Š‡› ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ‡ˆˆ‘”– –‘ ‡ƒ•—”‡ ƒ†

‘˜‡”…‘‡ƒŽŽ’”‘„Ž‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ”‘Ž‡••‘–Šƒ–‡ƒ†™‘‡…ƒ„‡’Žƒ…‡†‹‡“—ƒŽ

ƒ†ˆƒ‹”’‘•‹–‹‘•Ǥ‘–‘Ž›†‘‡•‹–ˆ‘…—•‘™‘‡̵•‘”‡̵•‹••—‡•ǡ„—–…—””‡–‰‡†‡”•–—†‹‡•ƒŽ•‘

ˆ‘…—•‘Š‘™ƒŽŽ’‡‘’Ž‡‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––›’‡•‘ˆ•‡š‘”‰‡†‡”‰‡––Š‡‹””‹‰Š–•‡“—‹–ƒ„Ž›ȋ‡–‹›ƒ‹‰•‹Šǡ ʹͲͳͷȌǤ

‡†‡”Šƒ•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡ƒ‹‰ˆ”‘•‡šƒ†•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ……‘”†‹‰–‘—†‹–ŠƒȋʹͲͳͷȌƒ†ƒŠƒ”Œ‘

ȋͳͻͻ͹Ȍǡ•‡š”‡ˆ‡”•–‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•‹–Š‡”‡’”‘†—…–‹˜‡‘”‰ƒ•‘ˆ‡ƒ†™‘‡ǡ™Š‹Ž‡•‡š—ƒŽ‹–›‹••‡š—ƒŽ

ƒ––”ƒ…–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ƒ–—”‡ ‘” …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š –›’‡ ‘ˆ •‡š –Šƒ– ‹• ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡† „› „‹‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ

’‡”•‘ƒŽ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡƒ†–Š‡‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ‰‡†‡””‡ˆ‡”•–‘˜‹‡™•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡• ‹ ”‘Ž‡•ǡ ˆ—…–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• „‡–™‡‡ ‡ ƒ† ™‘‡ǡ ™Š‹…Š ƒ”‡ ƒ •‘…‹ƒŽ

…‘•–”—…–‹‘ǤŠ‹•…‘•–”—…–‹‘ƒ”‹•‡•„‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡Šƒ„‹–•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ƒ‰”‡‡†—’‘ƒ†‰”‘™‹•‘…‹‡–›Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹••‘…‹ƒŽ…‘•–”—…–‹‘…ƒ„‡…Šƒ‰‡†‘˜‡”–‹‡ȋ—†‹–ŠƒǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ

Š‹•‰‡†‡”…‘•–”—…–‹‘…ƒŽ‹‹–‘‡̵•‡š’”‡••‹‘–‘‘Ž›–™‘„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”•–Š‡›ƒ”‡ƒŽ‡ƒ†

ˆ‡ƒŽ‡‘”ˆ‡‹‹‡ƒ†ƒ•…—Ž‹‡ǤŠ‡ǡ–Š‡–‡”‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‘”‡‡”‰‡†–‘”‡Œ‡…––Š‹•„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”

…‘•–”—…– ȋ‡ˆ–‹ƒǡ ʹͲʹʹȌǤ Š‡ –‡” ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”› Šƒ• „‡‡ —•‡† •‹…‡ –Š‡ ʹͲͲͲ•ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ‹ –Š‡

ƒ›‡• ƒ† …‡ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘• ȋʹͲͲͳȌ •‡‡ ‡†‡”•ǣ ‡›‘† –Š‡ ‹ƒ”‹‡•ǡ „—– –Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ Šƒ†

‡‡”‰‡†‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”‹–Š‡ͳͻͻͲ•ȋŠ‹––Ž‡‹‘”‘ǡʹͲͳͻȌǤŠ‹•‹†‡ƒ‹•ƒ—„”‡ŽŽƒˆ‘”’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘ˆ‡‡Ž–Šƒ–

–Š‡‹”‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–›†‘‡•‘–ƒ–…Š‘”ˆ‡‡Ž–Š‡›…ƒˆ‹–‹–‘–Š‡–™‘„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”•ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ”‡ˆ‡‹‹‡

ƒ†ƒ•…—Ž‹‡ȋƒ–•—‘Ƭ—†‰‡‹‘”‘ǡʹͲͳͻȌǤ

Š‡‹†‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›ƒ„‘˜‡‡š’Žƒ‹•–Šƒ–‰‡†‡”…‘•–”—…–‹‘‹•‘–ƒ•–ƒ†ƒ”†”—Ž‡Ǥ–‹•

„‡…ƒ—•‡Š‘™‡ƒ†™‘‡ƒ”‡†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡†„ƒ•‡†‘‰‡†‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘•˜ƒ”‹‡•ˆ”‘Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘–‘’Žƒ…‡ǡ

ˆ”‘…—Ž–—”‡–‘…—Ž–—”‡ǡƒ†‘‘……ƒ•‹‘ȋ‘Š‹ƒŠǡʹͲͳͶȌǤŠ—•ǡ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›’‡‘’Ž‡”‡Œ‡…–ƒ†…”‹–‹…‹œ‡

–Š‹‰•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†„›–Š‡„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”•›•–‡ǡ•—…Šƒ•–Š‡™ƒ›–‘†”‡••ƒ†‘—•‹Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

–Šƒ–ƒ”‡Žƒ„‡Ž‡†™‹–Šƒ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”‰‡†‡”ȋ‡ˆ–‹ƒǡʹͲʹʹȌǤ

ƒ›Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•Šƒ˜‡ˆ‡‹‹•–ƒ†ƒ•…—Ž‹‡‘”ƒŽ‡ƒ†ˆ‡ƒŽ‡„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”‹‡•ǡ•—…Š

ƒ•’ƒ‹•Šǡ”ƒ„‹…ǡƒ†‰Ž‹•Šȋ‡–‹›ƒ‹‰•‹ŠǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ‡–‹›ƒ‹‰•‹ŠȋʹͲͳͷȌ•ƒ‹†–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ‰‡†‡”„‹ƒ•

‹ˆƒ˜‘”‘ˆ‘‡‰‡†‡”„‡–™‡‡™‘‡ƒ†‡‹‰Ž‹•ŠǤ‡†‡”„‹ƒ•‹‰Ž‹•ŠŠƒ•„‡‡‘„•‡”˜‡†

‹ ˜‡”„ –‡•‡• ƒ† ‰”ƒƒ”ǡ ƒ• ‹†‹…ƒ–‡† „› •‘‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š —†‡”–ƒ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ™ƒ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡†‡”

‡“—ƒŽ‹–›…ƒ’ƒ‹‰Ǥ–Š‹•…ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ„•‡…‡‘ˆƒ’”‘‘—ƒ•ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‡—–”ƒŽ–Š‹”†Ǧ’‡”•‘

•‹‰—Žƒ”‹•–Š‡ƒ‹‘„•–ƒ…Ž‡–‘‰Ž‹•Š—•ƒ‰‡ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠƒ•”‡…‡–Ž›…”‡ƒ–‡†’”‘„Ž‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ

‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ•–”—…–—”‡•ǡƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‡‡‡”‰‡…‡‘ˆ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›–‡”•Ǥ

‰Ž‹•Šǡ‰‡†‡””‘Ž‡•…ƒ„‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†–Š”‘—‰Š’”‘‘—•ǡ‘—•ǡƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ǡƒ†˜‡”„•ǡ™Š‹…Š

Šƒ˜‡ƒ•…—Ž‹‡ƒ†ˆ‡‹‹‡ˆ‘”•Ǥ‘‡–‹‡•ǡ–Š‡•‡™‘”†•…ƒ”‡•—Ž–‹‰‡†‡”‹Œ—•–‹…‡ǡ•—…Šƒ•

—‡“—ƒŽ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹‰”ƒ‹‡†‰‡†‡”•–‡”‡‘–›’‡•Ǥ‡…‡ǡ‹–Š‡ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ǡ–Š‡ˆ‡‹‹•–‘˜‡‡–

’”‘‘–‡†‰‡†‡”‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡†ƒŽ‡†‘‹ƒ…‡–Š”‘—‰Š‰‡†‡”Ǧ‡—–”ƒŽŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰

the renewal of the generic ‘he’ with alternatives such as the singular pronominal ‘they’ (Breccia, 2021).

†‘’–‹…Ž—•‹˜‡’”‘‘—‹•…”—…‹ƒŽ–‘Š‡Ž’”‡…‘‰‹œ‡–Š‡‹†‡–‹–›‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–Š‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰–‘‘†‹‡ȋͳͻ͹ͷǣͳ͵ͲȌǡ–Š‡ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ–Š‹‰‘ˆƒŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹•’”‘‘‹ƒŽ„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡

’”‘‘—‹•…”—…‹ƒŽˆ‘”’‡”•‘ƒŽ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡Ǥ›‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰‰‡†‡”Ǧ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡—•‡‘ˆ‰Ž‹•Šǡ‰‡†‡””‘Ž‡•

…ƒ„‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ† ‹–‡”’”‡–‡† ‘”‡ ˆƒ‹”Ž› ƒ† ‡“—ƒŽŽ›ǡ ƒ† ƒ˜‘‹† —Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ‰‡†‡”•–‡”‡‘–›’‡•Ǥ

‘†‹‡ ƒŽ•‘ ƒ”‰—‡• –Šƒ–’‡”•‘ƒŽ ’”‘‘—• ƒ”‡ •‡•‹–‹˜‡ –‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ† ‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ …Šƒ‰‡•ǡ ƒ† ƒ›

‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡‹”—•‡…ƒ•‹‰ƒŽ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–•‘…‹ƒŽ…Šƒ‰‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ…Šƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ’”‘‘—•

—•– „‡ …ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ› ƒƒŽ›œ‡† „‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡› …ƒ ”‡’”‡•‡– …”—…‹ƒŽ ‹Ž‡•–‘‡• ‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ† …—Ž–—”ƒŽ

–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ȋ‘†‹‡ǡͳͻ͹ͷȌǤ Reconstruction of the pronoun 'they'

‘”† ”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‹• ƒ …‘‘ –Š‹‰ǡ ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ –Š‡ ‰Ž‹•Š …‘–‡š–Ǥ Š‹Ž‡ ‘– ƒŽŽ

‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘• Žƒ•–ǡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘ ‹• ‹‡˜‹–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ ’Š‡‘‡‘ ƒ”‹•‡• ˆ”‘ Š‘™ Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…

•–”—…–—”‡•ǡ•—…Šƒ•’”‘‘—•ǡƒ”‡‹…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†‹–‘˜ƒ”‹‘—•…—Ž–—”ƒŽ–‘‘Ž•–Šƒ–ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•̵

•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ȋ”ƒ‘ǡʹͲͳͻȌǤ–Š‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘…—•‡†‘–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›ǡ̵

™Š‹…Š”‡ˆ‡”•–‘‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ‹‰—Žƒ”̵–Š‡›̵•–‹ŽŽˆƒ…‡”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡ˆ”‘•‘…‹‡–›‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡›

†‘‘–‹†‹ˆ‹–‹•—•‡†ˆ‘”‰‡†‡”‡—–”ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ……‘”†‹‰–‘‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”ȋʹͲʹͲȌǡ–Š‡”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡

‹• …ƒ—•‡† „› –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡– ‘ˆ •’‡ƒ‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ …Šƒ‰‡• –Šƒ– †‡˜‡Ž‘’ǡ •‘ –Š‡

•’‡ƒ‡”•ƒ›–ƒ‡Ž‘‰‡”–‘ƒ†‘’––Š‡•‡…Šƒ‰‡•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”‡š’Ž‘”‡†–Š‡ƒ•’‡…–•”‡Žƒ–‡†

–‘‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ…Šƒ‰‡•‘””‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›Ǥ̵

› †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ǡ ƒ ’”‘‘— ‹• ƒ –›’‡ ‘ˆ ™‘”† —•‡† –‘ ”‡ˆ‡” –‘ ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž› ‡–‹‘‡† ’Š”ƒ•‡• ‘”

ƒ–‡…‡†‡–•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡ƒ‰‡†‡”Žƒ„‡Žǡ™Š‹…Š…ƒ‹…Ž—†‡ˆ‡‹‹‡’”‘‘—•ȋ•—…Šƒ•̵•Š‡̵Ȍǡƒ•…—Ž‹‡

’”‘‘—•ȋ•—…Šƒ•̵Š‡̵Ȍǡƒ†’”‘‘—•‰‡†‡”Ž‡••’”‘‘—•ȋ•—…Šƒ•̵‹–̵‘”̵–Š‡›̵ȌǤƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ’”‘‘—•

–Šƒ–…ƒ„‡ƒ”‡†™‹–Š—„‡”•ǡ•—…Šƒ•̵•Š‡ǡ̵̵Š‡ǡ̵ƒ†̵‹–ǡ̵ƒ”‡‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›—•‡†ƒ••‹‰—Žƒ”’”‘‘—•ǡ

„—–̵–Š‡›̵…ƒƒŽ•‘„‡—•‡†™‹–Šƒ•‹‰—Žƒ”‘”’Ž—”ƒŽ‡ƒ‹‰ȋ”‘Ž†‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǤƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ”‡…‡–Ž›ǡ

–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵…ƒƒŽ•‘ˆ—…–‹‘ƒ•ƒ•—„•–‹–—–‡ˆ‘”̵™‡̵ƒ†̵—•̵–‘ƒ˜‘‹†’‡”•‘ƒŽ„‹ƒ•‹™”‹–‹‰

ȋƒ„‹Žƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌƒ†…ƒ„‡—•‡†ƒ•ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ˆ‘”–Š‡–Š‹”†Ǧ’‡”•‘•‹‰—Žƒ”ǡ‘™‘”—‘™ǡ …‘‘Ž›”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘ƒ•̵•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›Ǥ̵̵‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›̵‹•ƒ‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ…‘•–”—…–‹‰Ž‹•Š–Šƒ–”‡ˆ‡”•

–‘ƒ’‡”•‘‘ˆ—•’‡…‹ˆ‹‡†‰‡†‡”ȋ‘‡ŽŽ›Ƭ‘™’‡”ǡʹͲʹͲȌǤ

Š‡Š‹•–‘”›–Šƒ–Šƒ†„‡‡†‹•…—••‡†‹”‡•‡ƒ”…Š„›‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”ȋʹͲʹͲȌ•–ƒ–‡†–Šƒ––Š‡

”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵–‘”‡ˆ‡”–‘‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™Š‘ƒ”‡‘–•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ†‡ƒ•—”ƒ„Ž‡‹

‰Ž‹•ŠȋƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š‘–‘ˆˆ‹…‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ……‡’–‡†ȋƒ”ƒ‘™•‹ǡʹͲͲʹȌȌŠƒ†–ƒ‡’Žƒ…‡Ž‘‰•‹…‡–Š‡Žƒ–‡ͳͶ–Š

…‡–—”›ȋƒŽŠ‘”ǡ’Ǥͻͳ‹‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”ǡʹͲʹͲȌ™‹–Š…‘•–”—…–‹‘ƒ••‡–‡…‡•„‡Ž‘™Ǥ ƒǤ No colleague‹ˆ‘”‡†‡they™‘—Ž†‘–„‡…‘†—…–‹‰–‡ƒ‡‡–‹‰•–Š‹•™‡‡Ǥ

„Ǥ The competent manager—†‡”•–ƒ†•theyŠƒ˜‡–‘…ƒ””›their’”‹–‡†’‘”–ˆ‘Ž‹‘Ǥ

…Ǥ Every musician ”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡• they ‡‡†–‘’”ƒ…–‹…‡ their ‹•–”—‡––Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›Š‘—”•

‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‹‰Ǥ

–Š‡Žƒ–‡‹‡–‡‡–Š…‡–—”›ǡ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘—•‡†ƒ„‘—–ƒ›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ™Š‘•‡•‡š

™ƒ•‘™ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‘•‡™Š‘…Žƒ‹‡†–‘„‡‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›ǤŠ‹•’”‘‘—‹•…‘‘Ž›”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘ƒ•

–Š‡‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘–‘•‡”˜‹‰ƒ•ƒŽ‡••sexist substitute for pronouns like ‘he’ and

‘–Š‡” ‘”‡ …‘’Ž‡š „—– ‡“—ƒŽŽ› ‘•‡š‹•– …‘•–”—…–•ǡ –Š‡ ’”‘‘— ̵–Š‡›̵ ‹• ‘ˆ–‡ ‡’Ž‘›‡† „›

—‡”‘—•‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™Š‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ•‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›ƒ•–Š‡‹”’”‡ˆ‡””‡†’”‘‘—Ǥ–•—•‡‹••–‹ŽŽŽ‡••ƒ……‡’–‡†

ˆ‘” ’”‘‘—• –Šƒ– ‹…Ž—†‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ–‡…‡†‡–• „‡…ƒ—•‡ ‹– …ƒ ”‡•—Ž– ‹ ƒ„‹‰—‹–› ƒ† —…‡”–ƒ‹

‰‡†‡”ȋŒ‘”ƒǡ’Ǥʹ‹‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”ǡʹͲʹͲȌǤ‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡†ƒ–ƒ‘„–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒ•

ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ

“

ƒ†ƒ—–”‹‘˜‹ƒƒȏͳȐǡ‘Šƒ‹—”†ƒŠȏʹȐ ƒǤ The manager ‡–‹‘‡† they ’‘•–’‘‡†–Š‡‡‡–‹‰Ǥ

„Ǥ Our youngest sibling Š—”– their ƒ”Ǥ …Ǥ My cousin™‹ŽŽ’”‡•‡–themself„‡ˆ‘”‡†‘Ǥ

ƒ•‡†‘Œ‘”ƒ̵•”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍǡ—•‹‰–Š‡’”‘‘—̵•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›̵ˆ‘”ƒ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ””‡ˆ‡”‡…‡

‹•„‡…‘‹‰‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž›ˆ”‡“—‡–Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•‘‡’‡‘’Ž‡•–‹ŽŽ†‘‘–ƒ……‡’––Š‡̵•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›̵ƒ•ƒ

’”‘‘—ˆ‘”’”‘’‡”ƒ‡•‘”‰‡†‡”Ǧ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‘—•Ǥ

‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š …‘†—…–‡† ‹ –Š‡ ʹͳ•– …‡–—”› „› ‘”‘† ȋʹͲͳͺȌ ƒ† ”ƒ†Ž‡› ȋʹͲʹͲȌ ‹

‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”ȋʹͲʹͲȌ’”‘†—…‡†‘”‡…—””‡–ˆ‹†‹‰•ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Šƒ–

‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›•‹‰—Žƒ”̵–Š‡›̵…ƒ„‡‡’Ž‘›‡†–‘†‡‘–‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‘ˆƒ›‰‡†‡”ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‹

•‡–‡…‡•–Šƒ–‡’Ž‘›’”‘’‡”ƒ‡•‘”‰‡†‡”Ǧ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‘—•Ž‹‡–Š‡•‡–‡…‡•„‡Ž‘™Ǥ ƒǤ Sarah •–ƒ–‡† they ’‘•–’‘‡† –Š‡‡˜‡–Ǥ

„Ǥ Michael ‹Œ—”‡† their ™”‹•–Ǥ

…Ǥ ̵ŽŽŠƒ˜‡my close friend‹–”‘†—…‡themselvesǤ

– ‹• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘ Ž‡ƒ” ‘”‡ ƒ„‘—– ƒ”ƒŠ̵• ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”› ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ „› —•‹‰ –Š‡ ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›

singular pronoun ‘they’ as seen in the example sentence (a) above, ™Š‡”‡–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵”‡ˆ‡”•–‘ƒ

ƒ‡†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ™Š‘•‡‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–›‹•—‘™Ǥ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”ȋʹͲʹͲȌƒ”‰—‡†

–Šƒ–‘–ƒŽŽ•‡–‡…‡•†‡•…”‹„‡†ƒ„‘˜‡…ƒ„‡—•‡†‹ƒŽŽ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”™Š‘

•’‡ƒ•ƒ•‡–‡…‡ȋƒȌ‘™•–Šƒ–ƒ”ƒŠ—•‡•–Š‡’”‘‘—̵•Š‡ǡ̵–Š‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”…ƒ‘–’—”’‘•‡ˆ—ŽŽ›

‡’Ž‘›–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ƒ„‘—–ƒ”ƒŠǤ‡…‡ǡ–Š‡†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ…‘””‡…–‡••

‘” ‹…‘””‡…–‡•• ‘ˆ ƒ •–ƒ–‡‡– ‹• …‘–‹‰‡– —’‘ ‹–• ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‡•• ™‹–Š‹ ƒ •’‡…‹ˆ‹……‘–‡š–ǡ ƒ•

‡š‡’Ž‹ˆ‹‡†„›–Š‡•‡–‡…‡’”‘˜‹†‡†„‡Ž‘™ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠƒ•„‡‡ƒ†ƒ’–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘’”‡•‡–‡†‹

–Š‡•–—†›…‘†—…–‡†„›‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”Ǥ a. Your sister ˆ‘”‰‘– her —„”‡ŽŽƒŠ‡”‡Ǥ

ȋ̶‘—”•‹•–‡”̶†‡‘–‡•ƒ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†„›–Š‡’”‘‘—••Š‡ȀŠ‡”ǤȌ b. Your sisterˆ‘”‰‘–their—„”‡ŽŽƒŠ‡”‡Ǥ

ȋ̶‘—” •‹•–‡”̶ †‡‘–‡• •‘‡‘‡ǡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡” ‹†‡–‹–›ǡ ™Š‘ ƒ› ‘” ƒ› ‘– „‡

ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”–‘–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†Ȁ‘”–Š‡Ž‹•–‡‡”ǤȌ c. Your sister ˆ‘”‰‘– his umbrella here.

ȋ‘—” •‹•–‡”̶ †‡‘–‡• ƒ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǡ ’‡”Šƒ’• –”ƒ•‰‡†‡”ǡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† „› –Š‡ ’”‘‘—•

Š‡ȀŠ‹ȀŠ‹•ǤŠ‹•‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‹•–Š‡•‹„Ž‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡”‡…‹’‹‡–‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡–ǤȌ

ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š„›”‘Ž†‡–ƒŽǤȋʹͲʹͳȌ–‹–Ž‡†̶›’”‘‘—•ƒ”‡–Š‡›Ȁ–Š‡ǣƒŽ‹‰ƒ„‘—–

’”‘‘—•…Šƒ‰‡•Š‘™’”‘‘—•ƒ”‡—†‡”•–‘‘†̶Ž‘‘‡†ƒ–Š‘™’‡‘’Ž‡—•‡–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›Ǥ̵Š‹•

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹–‡†‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” Š‘™ Ž‹•–‡‡”• ‘” ”‡ƒ†‡”• …ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› ™Š‡–Š‡” ̵–Š‡›̵ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ’Ž—”ƒŽ ‘”

•‹‰—Žƒ”‡ƒ‹‰Ǥˆ–‡”‰‘‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ’”‘…‡••‡•ǡ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›•Š‘™‡†

–Šƒ–‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡„ƒ…‰”‘—†–‡†•–‘‹’ƒ…––Š‡—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›Ǥ̵–

™ƒ• ’”‘˜‡ ‹ –Š‡ •‡–‡…‡• ‹ ‡š’‡”‹‡–• ͳ ƒ† ʹǤ ̵Š‡›̵ ™ƒ• ‘”‡ ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž› ”‡ƒ† ƒ• ƒ •‹‰Ž‡

’”‘‘—™Š‡–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”‰ƒ˜‡‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ–Ž‡š—•‡†–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ƒ†™Š‡Ž‡š‹•–Š‡‘Ž›

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‘”–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž‹‡•–…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹ƒ•‡–‡…‡Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‹–Š‹••‡–‡…‡ǣ

“This is Alexǡƒ†they—•‡–Š‡›Ȁ–Š‡’”‘‘—ǤAlex™‡––‘–Š‡•–‘”‡ǤThey„‘—‰Š–•‘‡‹ŽǤ Alex™‡–”—‹‰™‹–Š‹œǤTheyˆ‡ŽŽ†‘™̶ȋ”‘Ž†‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳǡ’Ǥͳ͸ͻͳȌǤ

“

ƒǤ The manager ‡–‹‘‡† they ’‘•–’‘‡†–Š‡‡‡–‹‰Ǥ

„Ǥ Our youngest sibling Š—”– their ƒ”Ǥ …Ǥ My cousin™‹ŽŽ’”‡•‡–themself„‡ˆ‘”‡†‘Ǥ

ƒ•‡†‘Œ‘”ƒ̵•”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍǡ—•‹‰–Š‡’”‘‘—̵•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›̵ˆ‘”ƒ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ””‡ˆ‡”‡…‡

‹•„‡…‘‹‰‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž›ˆ”‡“—‡–Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•‘‡’‡‘’Ž‡•–‹ŽŽ†‘‘–ƒ……‡’––Š‡̵•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›̵ƒ•ƒ

’”‘‘—ˆ‘”’”‘’‡”ƒ‡•‘”‰‡†‡”Ǧ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‘—•Ǥ

‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š …‘†—…–‡† ‹ –Š‡ ʹͳ•– …‡–—”› „› ‘”‘† ȋʹͲͳͺȌ ƒ† ”ƒ†Ž‡› ȋʹͲʹͲȌ ‹

‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”ȋʹͲʹͲȌ’”‘†—…‡†‘”‡…—””‡–ˆ‹†‹‰•ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Šƒ–

‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›•‹‰—Žƒ”̵–Š‡›̵…ƒ„‡‡’Ž‘›‡†–‘†‡‘–‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‘ˆƒ›‰‡†‡”ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‹

•‡–‡…‡•–Šƒ–‡’Ž‘›’”‘’‡”ƒ‡•‘”‰‡†‡”Ǧ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‘—•Ž‹‡–Š‡•‡–‡…‡•„‡Ž‘™Ǥ ƒǤ Sarah •–ƒ–‡† they ’‘•–’‘‡† –Š‡‡˜‡–Ǥ

„Ǥ Michael ‹Œ—”‡† their ™”‹•–Ǥ

…Ǥ ̵ŽŽŠƒ˜‡my close friend‹–”‘†—…‡themselvesǤ

– ‹• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘ Ž‡ƒ” ‘”‡ ƒ„‘—– ƒ”ƒŠ̵• ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”› ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ „› —•‹‰ –Š‡ ‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›

singular pronoun ‘they’ as seen in the example sentence (a) above, ™Š‡”‡–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵”‡ˆ‡”•–‘ƒ

ƒ‡†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ™Š‘•‡‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–›‹•—‘™Ǥ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”ȋʹͲʹͲȌƒ”‰—‡†

–Šƒ–‘–ƒŽŽ•‡–‡…‡•†‡•…”‹„‡†ƒ„‘˜‡…ƒ„‡—•‡†‹ƒŽŽ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”™Š‘

•’‡ƒ•ƒ•‡–‡…‡ȋƒȌ‘™•–Šƒ–ƒ”ƒŠ—•‡•–Š‡’”‘‘—̵•Š‡ǡ̵–Š‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”…ƒ‘–’—”’‘•‡ˆ—ŽŽ›

‡’Ž‘›–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ƒ„‘—–ƒ”ƒŠǤ‡…‡ǡ–Š‡†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ…‘””‡…–‡••

‘” ‹…‘””‡…–‡•• ‘ˆ ƒ •–ƒ–‡‡– ‹• …‘–‹‰‡– —’‘ ‹–• ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‡•• ™‹–Š‹ ƒ •’‡…‹ˆ‹……‘–‡š–ǡ ƒ•

‡š‡’Ž‹ˆ‹‡†„›–Š‡•‡–‡…‡’”‘˜‹†‡†„‡Ž‘™ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠƒ•„‡‡ƒ†ƒ’–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘’”‡•‡–‡†‹

–Š‡•–—†›…‘†—…–‡†„›‘‡ŽŽ›ƒ†‘™’‡”Ǥ a. Your sister ˆ‘”‰‘– her —„”‡ŽŽƒŠ‡”‡Ǥ

ȋ̶‘—”•‹•–‡”̶†‡‘–‡•ƒ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†„›–Š‡’”‘‘—••Š‡ȀŠ‡”ǤȌ b. Your sisterˆ‘”‰‘–their—„”‡ŽŽƒŠ‡”‡Ǥ

ȋ̶‘—” •‹•–‡”̶ †‡‘–‡• •‘‡‘‡ǡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡” ‹†‡–‹–›ǡ ™Š‘ ƒ› ‘” ƒ› ‘– „‡

ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”–‘–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ†Ȁ‘”–Š‡Ž‹•–‡‡”ǤȌ c. Your sister ˆ‘”‰‘– his umbrella here.

ȋ‘—” •‹•–‡”̶ †‡‘–‡• ƒ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǡ ’‡”Šƒ’• –”ƒ•‰‡†‡”ǡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† „› –Š‡ ’”‘‘—•

Š‡ȀŠ‹ȀŠ‹•ǤŠ‹•‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‹•–Š‡•‹„Ž‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡”‡…‹’‹‡–‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡–ǤȌ

ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š„›”‘Ž†‡–ƒŽǤȋʹͲʹͳȌ–‹–Ž‡†̶›’”‘‘—•ƒ”‡–Š‡›Ȁ–Š‡ǣƒŽ‹‰ƒ„‘—–

’”‘‘—•…Šƒ‰‡•Š‘™’”‘‘—•ƒ”‡—†‡”•–‘‘†̶Ž‘‘‡†ƒ–Š‘™’‡‘’Ž‡—•‡–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›Ǥ̵Š‹•

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹–‡†‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” Š‘™ Ž‹•–‡‡”• ‘” ”‡ƒ†‡”• …ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› ™Š‡–Š‡” ̵–Š‡›̵ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ’Ž—”ƒŽ ‘”

•‹‰—Žƒ”‡ƒ‹‰Ǥˆ–‡”‰‘‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ’”‘…‡••‡•ǡ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›•Š‘™‡†

–Šƒ–‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡„ƒ…‰”‘—†–‡†•–‘‹’ƒ…––Š‡—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›Ǥ̵–

™ƒ• ’”‘˜‡ ‹ –Š‡ •‡–‡…‡• ‹ ‡š’‡”‹‡–• ͳ ƒ† ʹǤ ̵Š‡›̵ ™ƒ• ‘”‡ ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž› ”‡ƒ† ƒ• ƒ •‹‰Ž‡

’”‘‘—™Š‡–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”‰ƒ˜‡‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ–Ž‡š—•‡†–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ƒ†™Š‡Ž‡š‹•–Š‡‘Ž›

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‘”–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž‹‡•–…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹ƒ•‡–‡…‡Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‹–Š‹••‡–‡…‡ǣ

“This is Alexǡƒ†they—•‡–Š‡›Ȁ–Š‡’”‘‘—ǤAlex™‡––‘–Š‡•–‘”‡ǤThey„‘—‰Š–•‘‡‹ŽǤ Alex™‡–”—‹‰™‹–Š‹œǤTheyˆ‡ŽŽ†‘™̶ȋ”‘Ž†‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳǡ’Ǥͳ͸ͻͳȌǤ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•‹–Š‹••–—†›™‡”‡ Ž‹‹–‡†–‘ƒ–‹˜‡•’‡ƒ‡”•‘ˆ‰Ž‹•Š•‘–Šƒ––Š‡

•‹‰—Žƒ” ̵–Š‡›̵ ‹• ‡ƒ•‹‡” –‘ —†‡”•–ƒ† „‡…ƒ—•‡ ‹– ‹• …‘‘ ‹ ‡”‹…ƒ ƒ† ‰Žƒ†ǡ ƒ• •Š‘™ „›

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š …‘†—…–‡† „› —„‡”‰ ȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ • ’”‘‘ˆǡ ‹ ʹͲͳͻǡ –Š‡ ‡”‹…ƒ ‹ƒŽ‡…– ‘…‹‡–› ƒ†‡ –Š‡

•‡Ž‡…–‹‘̵–Š‡›̵ƒ•–Š‡™‘”†‘ˆ–Š‡†‡…ƒ†‡ƒ†̵›”‘‘—•̵ƒ•–Š‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡›‡ƒ”ǡƒ…‘™Ž‡†‰‹‰–Š‡

’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‰—•ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”̵–Š‡›̵–‘†‡‘–‡‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›‰‡†‡”ƒ†–Š‡ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†ƒ†˜‘…ƒ…›ˆ‘”

‡’Ž‘›‹‰’”‘‘—•–‘‡š’”‡••‰‡†‡”‹†‡–‹–›ȋǡʹͲʹͲȌǤ–•Š‘™•–Šƒ–—•‹‰–Š‡’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵ƒ•

ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡–‘–Š‡–Š‹”†Ǧ’‡”•‘•‹‰—Žƒ”Šƒ•„‡…‘‡’”‡˜ƒŽ‡–Ǥ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ‹–•Š‘—Ž†„‡‘–‡†–Šƒ––Š‡

–‡”̵‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›̵Šƒ•„‡‡‹…Ž—†‡†‹Ž‡ƒ†‹‰†‹…–‹‘ƒ”‹‡•ǡ•—…Šƒ•‡””‹ƒǦ‡„•–‡”

ȋʹͲͳͻȌǡƒ†Šƒ•”‡…‡‹˜‡†”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘‹ƒ…ƒ†‡‹…•–›Ž‡‰—‹†‡•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‡‡”‹…ƒ•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ

••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘ȋǡʹͲͳͻȌǤ

‹‰—”‡ͳǤDefinition of Singular ‘they’ (Source:™™™Ǥ‡””‹ƒǦ™‡„•–‡”Ǥ…‘Ȍ

—”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”̵–Š‡›̵…ƒƒŽ•‘„‡‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†„›‰‡†‡”‡š’‡…–ƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡ƒ–‡…‡†‡–•

‹–”‡ˆ‡”•–‘ȋ‘Š‡”–›Ƭ‘Ž‹ǡʹͲͳ͹Ȍǡȋ ‘‡”–•…Š‡–ƒŽǤǡͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ•™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ–‡…‡†‡–‘ˆ̵‡…Šƒ‹…ǡ̵

ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š‘‡†‘‡•‘–‘™™Š‡–Š‡”ƒ‡…Šƒ‹…‹•ƒ™‘ƒ‘”ƒƒǡ‡…Šƒ‹…•ƒ”‡•–‡”‡‘–›’‹…ƒŽŽ›ƒ

ƒŽ‡‘……—’ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ‡š’‡…–ƒ–‹‘”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡‰‡†‡”ƒ–‡…‡†‡–’‘•‹–‹˜‡Ž›…‘””‡Žƒ–‡•™‹–Š

–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–›Ž‡˜‡Ž‹‹…‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”̵–Š‡›̵‹–‘Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡—•ƒ‰‡Ǥ…‘–”ƒ•–ǡ‘—Ž–‘‡–ƒŽǤ ȋʹͲʹͲȌ •–—†›•Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹…Ž—•‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ–‡…‡†‡–• …ƒ ‡Šƒ…‡ –Š‡ ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —•ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ

̵•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›ǡ̵‡˜‡‹•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•™Š‡”‡–Š‡Ž‹•–‡‡”‹•ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‰‡†‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‡…‡†‡–Ǥ……‘”†‹‰

–‘‘—Ž–‘‡–ƒŽǤȋʹͲʹͲȌǡ–Š‹••–—†›ƒŽ•‘†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…ƒ–‡…‡†‡–•…ƒ•‹‰ƒŽ‰‡†‡”

‡—–”ƒŽ‹–›‹•’‡‡…ŠǡƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”–Š‡›Ǥ

Š‡ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”̵–Š‡›̵Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘„‡‡–‡•–‡†‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•Ǥ‡‘ˆ

–Š‡‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š„›ƒ‡–ƒŽǤȋʹͲʹʹȌǤš’‡”‹‡–•‹–Š‹••–—†›™‡”‡…‘†—…–‡†‘Š‹‡•‡‰Ž‹•Š

•–—†‡–•™‹–Š–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰•’‡‡†‹•‡–‡…‡•–Šƒ–—•‡‘Ǧ„‹ƒ”›’”‘‘—•ǤŠ‡

ˆ‹†‹‰•‹†‹…ƒ–‡–Šƒ–‹…‘–”ƒ•––‘ƒ–‹˜‡‰Ž‹•Š•’‡ƒ‡”•ǡ„‘–Š…‘Š‘”–•‘ˆŠ‹‡•‡‰Ž‹•Šƒ•ƒ ‘”‡‹‰

ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ȋ Ȍ Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ǡ …‘’”‹•‹‰ ‰Ž‹•Š ƒŒ‘”• ȋŠ‹‰Š‡” ’”‘ˆ‹…‹‡…›Ȍ ƒ† ‘Ǧ‰Ž‹•Š ƒŒ‘”•

ȋŽ‘™‡”’”‘ˆ‹…‹‡…›Ȍǡ†‘‘–‡’Ž‘›–Š‡•‹‰—Žƒ”’”‘‘—̵–Š‡›̵‹””‡•’‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹”Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

•‹ŽŽǤ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡƒˆ—”–Š‡”‡š’‡”‹‡–†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–„‘–ŠŠ‹‡•‡‰Ž‹•Šƒ•ƒ ‘”‡‹‰ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

ȋ Ȍ‰”‘—’•ǡ•‹‹Žƒ”–‘ƒ–‹˜‡‰Ž‹•Š•’‡ƒ‡”•ǡ†‹†‘–‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ƒ›†‹•”—’–‹‘‹–Š‡‹””‡ƒ†‹‰†—‡

–‘ –Š‡‹” ˆ”‡“—‡– —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‹‰—Žƒ” ˆ‘”Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹– ‹• ™‘”–Š ‘–‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› Ž‡˜‡Ž

‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†–Š‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡‹”•‡…‘†Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ȋʹȌǤ……‘”†‹‰–‘ƒ‡–ƒŽǤȋʹͲʹʹȌǡ–Š‡

…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ˆƒ…‡†„›Š‹‡•‡‰Ž‹•Šƒ•ƒ ‘”‡‹‰ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ȋ ȌŽ‡ƒ”‡”•‹‡„”ƒ…‹‰–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡

̵•‹‰—Žƒ” –Š‡›̵ •–‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡‡† –‘ ”‡‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡ –Š‡‹” ’”‡‡š‹•–‹‰ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ ’Ž—”ƒŽ

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡–‡”̵–Š‡̵‹•‹†‡–Š‡‹”…‘‰‹–‹˜‡Ž‡š‹…‘ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–‘ƒ†Œ—•––‘–Š‡

•‘…‹‘…—Ž–—”ƒŽ …‘˜‡–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –ƒ”‰‡– Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ ƒ •–—†› …‘†—…–‡† „› „”ƒŠ‹ ƒ†