Hiika afaanii jecha al hisbah 13 jedhu keessaa muraasni kunooti; ريبدتلا (Dambii), راكنلإا (Gadhiisuu) ةيافكلا (Ga’aa), ربتخلإا (Qormaata), ّدعلا (Lakkoofsa), ادعلا (Lakkoofsa), رking (Lakkoofsaaf). Abdullah bin 'Abdurrahman al Wat'ban akka ibsetti amar ma'rûf nahi munkar dirqama fardhu kifâyah ta'e kun yaada cimaa waa'ee yaadota jiran waan ta'eef. Tartiiba utubaawwanii al muhtasib (qondaala hisbah), mâ fîhi al hisbah (dhimma ykn gocha hisbah kenname), al muhtasab 'alaihi (nama hisbah jala jiru ykn kan himatame), fi nafs al ihtisâb (hisbah mataa isaa) dha. .
رنَع رىبَأ
The meaning of al ma'ruf is; everything that people know is loved by Shari'ah either in terms of things that are obligatory, sunnah or mustahabb matters. While makna al munkar is everything that is denied by the Shariah, whether it is something that is forbidden or something that is hated.34. But basically, the one who has committed hisbah can perform hisbah in a preventive form when there are strong signs indicating that munkar will occur, even if at that time it has not actually occurred.
For example, a mu h tasib orders an action that is ma'ruf where it clearly appears abandoned by a group of people by means of speech or other media that can be used. Or he forbids the manifest evils that arise in the midst of society, either by hand, by mouth, or in his heart.36.
الل ُهرنَع
لروُسَر
رنَم(
ىَأَر رمُكرنىم
ىهىدَيىب رنىإَف
ىهىناَسىلىبَف رنىإَف
رَل رعطَترسَي
كىلَذَو
فَعرضَأ .)ىناَريْلإا
This hadith contains a command to perform hisbah and the Prophet's explanation contains the marâtib (stages) of denying evil. This stage is more owned by the rulers because they have a number of devices to do so. Syaikhul Islâm Ibn Taimiyyah explained that not every one of us can do evil with his hands.
If this is not the case, then those who have the ability, influence or power should do so. Also included in this phase is hisbah with written wasilah, means of communication, sermons forbidding certain evils. So if this stage cannot be completed at all, then he should deny it with his heart.
38 'Abdullâh bin 'Abdurrahmân al Watban, Riyâdh Al Muhtasibîn (Riyâdh: Dâr al Muhtasib li al Nashr wa al Tauzî', 2019). Volgens Imâm Muhammad bin 'Abdurrahmân bin Ibrâhîm as Shiddiqy al Syafi'î, is die doel van onthou met die hart;.
يلع مزعلا و هلعف نم ثمإ و هحبق داقتعاو هبلقب ركنلما ةهارك عاطتسا نإ هيْيغت
Discussion
First time; It was established that the implementation of hisbah by the state is carried out by many state institutions, both within ministries and independent non-ministerial institutions. This fact shows the great role of the state in preventing and taking action against the perpetrators of evil. The Institute supervises matters which, in accordance with the powers established by law, are publicly prohibited.
ركنلما نع يهنلاو فورعلمبا رملأا ليو مايق
These institutions exercise the mandate of the law to monitor and take action against activities that violate applicable regulations. So the control area, which must include the ranks of the security forces, must be under the authority of the government. For example, when the National Drug Agency wants to take action against methamphetamine dealers, investigate places suspected of being the headquarters of drug crimes, or arrest and destroy those places, this is their responsibility.
لاو هيلإ تضوف تيلا هتاصاصتخاو هلامعأ في بستلمحا مظتني اهنع جريخ
In addition to its partial nature, the punishment meted out to the perpetrators of evil is also not perfect. So that we find that elites and people who have positions and wealth do not get the punishment they deserve.
ةيعرشلا تباوقعلبا لاإ متي لا ركنلما نع يهنلاو فورعلمبا رملأا
It is also a fact that in a Pancasila democracy it is possible for Hisbah to pass through the country. A community's culture is an important consideration in the legislation of regional regulations agreed through the regional people's representative council, combined with input from the community or indigenous peoples. In the Nangro Aceh Darussalam area, the enforcement of hisbah has been accommodated in laws both at the central and regional levels.
So that the strengthening of the hisbah area becomes the spearhead of the success of hisbah in the community. Yet the issue of Islamophobia at the level of the political elite also has a great influence. Therefore, in order to pass a regional regulation with sharia nuances, it must obtain the approval of the majority of the DPRD which has various party ideological backgrounds.
Accordingly, da'wah in the political realm cannot be protected by the ummah. In the principles of da'wa compiled from the theory of Syiakhul Islâm Ibn Ta'i mi y yah it is stated that;.
اهليمكت و لحاصلما ليصحتب تءاج ةعيرشلاناكملإا بسبح اهليلقت و دسافلما ليطعت و
لحاصلما بلتج وأ دسافلما أردت امإ لحاصم لهلك ةعيرشلا
The basis of this rule is surah al hadid verse 25 that Allah sent his messengers with explanations in the form of knowledge and also the revealed books, also ordered to maintain al Qisth among people (ِطْسِقْلٱِب ُساَََقی which here means the Q5َقی ). as explained by Abu Hayyan Al Andalûsî is justice. It is a command to the Apostles to maintain justice and truth in the midst of people .56. This da'wah rule gives consideration to the existing waqi'iyyah (reality) that wasilah can lead to great harm, although wasilah is permissible, it is obligatory to prohibit it.
Fourthly, the rules لا ةمصعو ةمرح ـ هضرعو هلامو همد ـ ملسملل of لاإ هيلع يدتعي نأ دحلأ ل حlim حي بي بيبلأ ب (haram and protected) or his blood, wealth and honor It is not permissible to violate them except according to the obligations of the Shari'ah. This rule means that a Muslim is in principle a great person in the eyes of Allah. He is a servant of Allah who is bound by laws and restrictions so that not every person can easily cross the boundaries that are honor (hurmah) for him.
Fifth, the other rule that should also be considered is; لاجعتسلاا كرتو نيبتلاو تبثتلا راكنلإا دنع (Checking, clarifying and avoiding haste in denial. The principles in this rule will make the application of hisbah orderly and away from confusion and obscurity, because everything is built on clear evidence.
هيْغ رهظي تىح حلاصلاو دادسلا ىلع ةلوممح ينملسلما رومأ نأ لصلأا
Likewise, Jâbir al Jazâ'irî interprets with the explanation that the word al qisht here is justice. It was found that the implementation of hisbah by the state sometimes still shows an attitude of injustice. One of the reasons for the weakening of the public's perception of law enforcement is when justice has not completely sided with the weak or the truth.
ةيعرشلا ماكلحا قيبطت في ةلداعلماو ةاواسلما
دودلحا ليطعتل لالما ذخأ ليح لا
However, a number of conditions were found where the hisbah carried out by the community had not followed the methods justified by the Sharia. The following are some of the analyzes that the author found after digging up a number of existing facts;. These two principles have generally been carried out by the Muslims before they act.
For example, when FPI (Fort Pembela Islam) conducts inspections and sweeps of places of disobedience, they have clear SOPs in which the process of field verification, scientific discussion of the study group, verbal reminders, delivery of letters and notifications to the authorities must always be carried out. To strengthen the nahi munkar movement, FPI is also actively participating in gatherings attended by the government to support each other. 60 However, when all these stages have been completed and have not yielded any results, or the apparatus does not move to fulfill its tasks, then they accept ijtihad to continue performing hisbah because they are guided by the fact that hisbah is obligatory. and it cannot be left.
Enforcement of hadith that should only be carried out by the government is actually carried out by certain communities or organizations. Therefore, because manual hisbah performed by someone other than the authorized party often brings great harm, it is necessary to pay attention to the following hisbah rule, namely;.
ةحجار ةحلصم اضراعي ل اذإ اهدس بيج داسفلا لىا ةعيرذلا
ءلابلا نم نوموصعم اهلهأف ةعبرأ اهيف نوكي ةدلب لك
ليبس ىلع لاعو ،ملظي لا لداع مامإ
نآرقلاو ملعلا بلط ىلع نوضريحو ركنلما نع نوهنيو فورعلمبا نورميأ خياشمو ،ىدلها لىولاا ةيلهالجا جبرت نجبرتي لا تاروتسم مهؤاسنو
هعضوم في ظلاغلإاو هعضوم في ينللبا يضقت ةمكلحا
حلأ ليح لا ةمصعو ةمرح هضرعو هلامو همد ملسملل
رثلأاو لالحاو صخشلا بسح ،ةحلصلما عم رودي راكنلإبا رارسلإاو نلاعلإا ىلع بتترلما
كلذ
هيف راكنإ لاف فلتخلما امأ و هراكنإ ىلع عجمأ ام نوركني انمإ ءاملعلاهيْرتح دقتعي نأ لاإ
The community must cooperate with the ulama' in carrying out da'wah and hisbah activities.
نيدلا لوصأ نم فلاتئلاو ةعاملجبا ماصتعلإا
عم نواعتلا روجو ملظ مهيف ناك نإو ؛رملأا ةلاو
In this country, hisbah has been practiced continuously by the Muslim community. In this case, the community through mass organizations, both mainstream and other mass organizations, each have their own characteristics and similarities. In terms of preventing evil, mainstream mass organizations advanced the wasilah approach to education and da'wah.
Establishing mosque bases as places of worship, da'wah and education of the people through study and taklim gatherings. However, this effort cannot be underestimated because a number of Islamic boarding schools, mosques and other institutions firmly rooted in society have succeeded in eliminating the evil around them.
هاوه عبتا دقف ملعلا عبتي ل نم
Conclusion
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