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The Construction of Genetic Map of Faba Bean (Viciafaba L.) U\'ing RAPD Markers
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~:Ii~t'c ! Memen Surahmanl)
ABSTRACT
., Fifty seven individuals of recombinant inbred lines (RlLs) of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) descended from the cross between 34Morocco x Kristal125 have been analyzed for RAPD markers. A total of 77 markers were assayed segregating in the 57 Rl lines and grouped into 14 linkage groups, with total length of973.2 cM
Key words.. Viciafaba, Recombinant inbred line, RAPDs, Linkage groups
;Ii;iZ' ,:;;j ~ I INTRODUCTION were self-pollinated and advanced to the F7 generation
1":" ~"" .J I using single-seed descent. The final population consists
'- 'c. Preliminary analysis of genetic linkage in faba of 253 lines including reciprocal lines. A random
"'~ bean includes the study of morphological traits (Cabrera sample of 57 lines was characterized based on RAPDs.
and Martin, 1989) and was followed by the Segregation data were analyzed with MAP- establishment of linkage maps based on morphological, MAKER/EXP 3.0 computer program (Lander et al., isozyme, RFLP and RAPD markers (Van de Yen et al.~ 1987; Lincoln et al., 1993), with a LaD score 3.0 and 1991). Torres et al. (1993) reported, that when two F2 with 0.4 theta (40 Haldane cM; Haldane, 1919) as populations (20 F2 individuals derived from the cross critical distance between two linked markers.
Vf6 x Vf173 and 44 F2 plants from the cross Vf6 x Vf35) were analyzed using isozyme, RFLP and RAPD,
II independently assorting linkage groups were RESULTS identified in this population. Satovic et al. (1996)
analysed 13 F2 families of faba bean descending from a The 48 selected primers amplified a total of 115 trisomic plant. They have been analyzed for polymorphic bands (data not shown) with an average of morphological, isozyme and RAPD markers. The study 2.3 polymorphic bands per primer. Fragment sizes revealed a total of 10 linkage groups, six of which have ranged from about 550 bp to 2400 bp. With linkage been precisely assigned to specific chromosomes. The criteria LaD >3.0 and a distance of less than 40 cM, 77
: most recent map in faba bean has been reported by Vaz RAPD marker loci were classified into 14 groups Patto et al. (1998). The map consist of 14 linkage (Figure 1). There were 38 unlinked markers. These groups with total length of 984.5 cM. The main markers were omitted.
objective of the present study was to construct genetic The'size of the 14 linkage groups ranged from 6.3
map. cM to 278.7 cM. The total length of map is 973.2 cM.
The largest linkage group contains 16 loci (linkage group 3). The distance between markers ranges from MATERIALS AND METHODS 1.9 cM to 38.5 cM, with an average of 14.66 cM.
;f'~ ~ For the construction of a linkage map a population
?'i~ of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the DISCUSSION
cross 34Morocco x Kristal125 was used. The
34Morocco is a bean pure line BPL228/ILBI4I from A total of 77 markers were found segregating in 57 ICARDA, Syria. Kristal125, developed at Hohenheim, RI F7-sample lines (Figure 1). The total map distance Germany, is an inbred line from the German cultivar defined among linked markers was 973.2 centiMorgan.
Kristall. These parents were chosen because of their A comparison of the present genetic map with the
.
large genetic and phenotypic difference (Schill et al., hitherto published maps shows that its total length
) 997). resembles the map of Vaz Patto et al. (1998) with a map
The F2 plants from the cross 34Morocco x length of984.5 cM. However these maps are still small Kristal125 and from the cross Kristal125 x 34Morocco when compared to the expected size of the Vicia faba
:, I) Dcpartment of Agronomy. Faculty of Agriculture,Bogor Agricultural University
Kampus IPH Darmaga Bogor 16610, Bogor,Email:[email protected]: (0251) 635141
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Figure I. Primary linkage map of faba bean (Vicia faba) with 77 RAPD-markers. Number to the left of a linkage group represents map distance in cM calculated with the Haldane mapping function. All linkages shown have a LaD score of at least 3.0. Designations to the right are locus names.
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genome (1500 cM; Vaz Patio et al., 1998). Besides the experimental and natural populations. Genomics
total map length a complete map is obtained only when I: 174-181. !
the number of linkage groups corresponds to the haploid
number of chromosomes. The haploid chromosome Lincoln, S.E.,. M.J. Daly: and. E.S. Lander. 19~3.
number of the faba bean is six (x = 6), therefore, six ConstructIng genetIc. lInkage maps. with linkage groups, instead of the 14 linkage groups MAPMAKERlEXP verslo? 3.0: A Tu~onal and detected here, were expected. These results reflect re:erenc.e manual. WhItehead InstItute for problems associated with the use of relatively small BIomedIcal Research. USA.
populations (here: N = 57). .
I . fth I t . I I . fth I. k Satovlc, Z., A.M. Torres, and J.I. Cubero. 1996.
n vIew 0 e re a Ive y arge sIze 0 e m age .. . .
. " GenetIc mappIng of new morphologIcal, Isozyme
group 3, It may putatIvely be assigned to chromosome an d RAPD mar ers m "ICla a a k . f,," fi b L. usIng. number h. hone of the faba bean. In the standard . h I ( T karyotype, I tnsomlcs. .. Theor. pp. ene.. A I G t 93'1130
-
1138. t IS C romosome IS t e ongest one orres et a.1993). It is a metacentric chromosome .and about twice Schill, B., A.E. Melchinger, E. von Kittlitz, and W.
as long as each of the five subtelocentrlc chromosomes Link. 1997. Zilchterische Brauchbarkeit von
(Cabrera et al., 1989): . Intrapool-und Interpool Kreuzungen des
The av~rage dIstance between markers m the mitteleuropaischen und mediterranen Genpools bei present map IS 14.66 cM when all 77 RAPD markers der Fababohne (Vicia faba L.). Vortr.
were used. Although the density of the map was lower Pflanzenzilchtung 38:127-145.
than in the faba bean map constructed by Vaz Patio et
al. (1989) which has an average distance of 12.95 cM, Tanksley, S.D., H. Medina-Filhoet, and C.M. Rick, the map presented here can be considered as sufficiently Ganal., M. W., Prince, J.P., de Vicente, M.C., dense for a QTL analysis. In general, a marker distance t Bonierbale, M. W., Broun, P., Fulton, T.M., about of 20 cM is still adequate to detect QTL ~ Giovannoni, J.J., Grandillo, S., Martin, G.B., (Tanskleyetal., 1993). Messeguer, R., Miller, J.C., Miller, L., Paterson,
A.H., Pineda, 0., Rlider, M.S., Wing, R.A., Wu, W. and Young, N.D. 1993. High density
REFERENCES moleculat linkage maps of the tomato and potato
genomes.' Genetics 132:1141-1160.
Cabrera, A., and A. Martin. 1989. Analysis of genetic
linkage in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). FABIS Torres, A.M., Weeden, N.F., Martin, A. 1993. Linkage
Newslett 24:3-5. among isozyme, RFLP and RAPD markers in
Viciafaba. Theor. Appl. Genet. 85:937-945.
Cabrera, A., J.I. Cubero, and A. Martin. 1989. Genetic
mapping using trisomics in Viciafaba L. FABIS Van de Yen, W.T.G., R. Waugh. N. Duncan, G.
Newslett 23:5-7. Ramsay, N. Dow, and W. Powel. 1991.
Development of genetic linkage map in Vicia faba Haldane, J.B.S. 1919. The combination of linkage using molecular and biochemical techniques.
value and the calculation of distance between the Aspects Appl. BioI. 27:49-54.
j
loci of linked factors. J. Genet. 8:299-309.Vaz Patio, M.C., A.M. Torres, and J.I. Cubero. 1998.
, Lander, E.S., P. Green, J: Abrahamson, A. Barlow, M.J. Genetic mapping in Viciafaba L. using trisomics.
~ Daly, S.E. Lincoln, and L. Newburg. 1987. 3rd European Conference on Grain Legumes.
Mapmaker: An interactive computer package for Valladolid. p.64-65.
constructing primary genetic linkage maps of
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