ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ , ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸ ) ۱۳ ‐ ۱ (
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ * :
ﻲﻳﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺻﺎﻧ
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : ۲۶۰۰۵۰۷ ‐
۰۹۱۲ E-mail: nsafaie@modares.ac.ir
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﻲ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ، ﻲ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻴ
ﮑ ﻲ ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ﻲ
ﻥﺩﻮﺑ
ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺍ ﻳ ﻧﺍﺮ ﻲ
Macrophomina phaseolina
ﻲﻟﻭ ﻪﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﻣ ﻱ
۱ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ، ﺮﺻﺎﻧ ﺎﻔﺻ
۲ﻲﻳ ،* ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻞﮔ
۳ﻪﭙﺗ ،
ﻞﺘﻳﻮﮑﻟﺯﺎﻬﺘﻧ ﺎﻣ
ﻳ ﺯﺮﭘ ﮏ ﻭ ۴
ﻲﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻧﺎﺟﺎﻗﺁ
۵ﻲ
۱ ، ۲ ، ۳ ، ﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﻩﺪﮑ
ﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻴ
ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖ
،
۴
، ﻠﻣ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗﻮ ﻱ ﺰﮑﻣ ﻳ ﮏ ، ۵ ﻥﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ،ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،
) ﺭﺎﺗ ﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺦ ﻳ ﺖﻓﺎ : ۵ / ۸ / ۸۸
‐ ﺭﺎﺗ ﻳ ﻮﺼﺗ ﺦ ﻳ ﺐ : ۲۳ / ۱۲ / ۸۸ (
ﮑﭼ ﻴ ﻩﺪ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
ﻣﻮﻓﻭﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻨ ﻳ ﮏ ﺑ ﻴ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤ ﮎﺎﺧ ﺍﺯ ﺩ ﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻭ ﻴ
ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺳﻮﭘ ﻴ ﮔﺪ ﻲ ﻟﺎﻏﺫ ﻲ
، ﺎﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻲ ﻭ
ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﺶ ﺯﺍ ۵۰۰ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮔ ﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺖﻬﺟ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺖ ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ
ﺍﻳ ﻦ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ ﺯﺍ ﮔ ﻴ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻼﻋ ﻳ ﻢ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻭﺰﻗ ﻳ ،ﻦ
،ﻥﺎﮔﺮﮔ
،ﻥﺎﻨﻤﺳ
،ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ
،ﻥﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﺎﺑﺭﺫﺁ ﻳ ﻗﺮﺷ ﻥﺎﺠ ﻲ
، ،ﻥﺎﺠﻧﺯ
،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ
ﻱ
،
،ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﮑﻬﮐ ﻴ ﻮﻠ ﻳ ﻭ ﻪ ﻮﺑ ﻳ ﺮ
،ﺪﻤﺣﺍ
،ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻳ
،ﺩﺰ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺰﻣﺮﻫ ﻃ
ﻲ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ۸۶ ﻭ ۸۷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺪﺷ . ﺲﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱ
ﻭ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ
،ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ۵۲ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺯﺍ ۲۴ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ۱۲ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱ ﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻴ ﺕﺎ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻱ ﻭ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﺸﻧ ﺮﮕﻧﺎ ﺳﺭﺮﺑISSR
ﻲ ﺪﺷ . ﺯﺍ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎ ۹ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
، ۶ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ
،ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﺬﭘﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻳ ﺮ ﻱ ﻭ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻠﭘ ﻴ ﻓﺭﻮﻤ ﻴ ﮏ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺰ ﻱ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻱ ﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪ ﻴ ﻞ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺍ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱ
ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻔﻠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻴ
ﺮﺿ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻖ ﻳ
ﺸﺗ ﺐ ﻪﺑﺎ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺎﮐﺎﺟ
UPGMA
، ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ۶۰
ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
، ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺩ
. ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻝﻭﺍ ۷۶
/ ۵ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻳ
ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ .
ﻡﻭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ۵۳ / ۶۸ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻪ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ . ﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ﻳ
ﮐ ﻪ ﻴ ﻮ ﻱ
، ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻮﺳ ﻳ ﺎ
، ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ ﻪ
، ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ
ﺯ ﻳ ﻥﻮﺘ ، ﻣﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻴ
ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ
ﺍ ﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺎﻨﮐ .
ﻪﻤﻫ
ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
،ﺕﺭﺫ ﻡﻮﮔﺭﻮﺳ ، ﮐ ﻴ ﻮ ﻱ ﻮﺳ ، ﻳ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻞﮔ ﻭ ﺎ ﻱ
ﺎﺑ ۶۴ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻦ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻭﺰﻗ ﻳ ﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻦ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻭﺪﮐ ﻭ ﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ ۱۰۰ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦ
ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺩﺰﻧ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻳ
ﮑ ﻲ ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺎﺸﻨﻣ ﻴ
ﺎ ﻲﻳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ .
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ۴۷
/ ۱۳ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻪ
ﺍﺪﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻳ
ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻭﺪﮐ ﻭ ﺕﻻﻮﻘﺑ ﻴﻳ
ﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎ ﻴ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ .
ﺍﺪﺟ ﻭﺩ ﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺵﺎﻣ ﻪ ﺎﺑ
۸۸
ﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦ .
ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺧ ﻴ
،ﻢﻗ ﺭﺎ ﺧ ﻴ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺭﺎ
‐
،ﺝﺮﮐ
ﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻲ ﺎﺷﺎﮐ
،ﻥ ﺑﻮﻟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻱ ﻭﺰﻗ ﻳ
،ﻦ ﺑﻮﻟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﺎﺑ
۷۵ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ۲۳
/ ۱۹ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺳ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪ ﻴ
ﺐ ﻣﺯ ﻴﻨ ﻲ ﻭﺪﮐ ﻭ ﺕﻻﻮﻘﺑ ، ﻴﻳ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺑ
ﻱ ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻲﻳ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ . ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻲ ﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ۶۰
ﻭ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻪﺟﻮﮔ ﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺰﻣﺮﻫ ﻥﺎﺠﻣﺩﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻗ ۶۶
ﺍﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﮐ ﺪﺠﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺪﺠﻨﮐ
ﺎﺑ ۹۰ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﺳ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﻪ ﻱ
ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ، ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺎﺑ
۶۱ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺍﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺞ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻴ
ﮑ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻦ
ﺑﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻴ
ﺎ ﻲﻳ ﺯ ﻳ ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺎ ﻱ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﻦ
ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻳ ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺎ ﻴ
ﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻱ
ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻲ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﺩﺭ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻳ
ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻠﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ : ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺳﻮﭘ ، ﻴ ﮔﺪ ﻲ ﻟﺎﻏﺫ ﻲ ISSR ، ﺍ ، ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ .
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ،
۱۳۸۸ ٢
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺭﺎﻗ ﭺ Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.
ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺳﻮﭘ ﻴ ﮔﺪ ﻲ ﻟﺎﻏﺫ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻳ ﻦ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻱ
ﮔ ﻴ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ (Pearson et al.,
(.1986 ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﺳﻭ ﻴ ﻌ ﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻭﺭ ﻱ
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ٧٥ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻭ ﺑ ﻴ ﺶ ﺯﺍ ٥٠٠ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮔ ﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
،ﺕﺭﺫ
،ﺪﺠﻨﮐ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻣﺯ ﻴ ﻨ ﻲ
، ﺑﻮﻟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻱ ﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻲ
، ﻮﺳ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ
ﺑﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ ﺍﺰ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) Dhingra & Sinclair, 1973 (
ﺲﻨﺟ .
ﻣﻮﻓﻭﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻨ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻳ ﮏ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ M. phaseolina
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . Crous et al.
(2006) ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻲ
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﻧ
،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ M. phaseolina ﻲﻜﻳ
ﺯﺍ
ﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺮﺗﻮﺑ ﻳ ﺮﻔﺳﻮ ﻳ ﻪﺳﺎ ) Botryosphaeriaceae (
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺳﻮﭘ ﻴ ﮔﺪ ﻲ ﻟﺎﻏﺫ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﮔ ﻴ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻥﺍﻮﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ﺍﻳ ﺩﺎﺠ ﻪﮑﻟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺳ ﻴ ﻩﺎ ﻭ ﻢﻈﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻪﭙﻟ ﺎﻫ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻣ ﻲ ﻳ ﺪﺑﺎ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧ ﻳ ﺖ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﮒﺮﻣ ﮔ ﻴ ﻩﺎ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﮔ ﻴ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﭼﺩ
ﮔﺩﺮﻣﮋﭘ ﻲ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻭ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺪﻧﻭﺁ ﻱ ﻪﺑ ﻟﺩ ﻴ ﻞ ﻟﻮﺗ ﻴ ﺪ
ﻣ ﻴ
،ﺕﻭﺮﻠﮑﺳﺍﻭﺮﮑ ﺗ
ﻴ ﻩﺮ ﻳ ﺎ ﺮﺘﺴﮐﺎﺧ ﻱ ﻣ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻢﺋﻼﻋ
ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮑﻟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺗ ﻴ ﻩﺮ ﻳ ﺎ ﺮﺘﺴﮐﺎﺧ ﻱ
ﺸﮐ ﻴ ﻩﺪ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
،ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﮑﺸﺗ ﻴ ﻭﺮﻠﻜﺳﺍ ﻞ ﺕ
ﻭﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
،ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﮔ ﻴ ﻩﺎ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧ ﻳ ﹰﺎﺘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺕﻭﺮﻠﻜﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ
،ﻙﺎﺧ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺭﺬﺑ ﻳ ﺎ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﻣﺩﺍﺯ ﻳ ﻪ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻪ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ (Abawi & Pastor-
Corrales, 1990) ﺑ .
ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻭ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺯ . ﺭﺩ ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ
٢٠ ﺎﺗ ٥٠ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻳ ﺎ ﺑ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ
) Almeida et al., 2003 (.
ﻦﻳﺍ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ
ﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻲ
، ﺳﺁ ﻴ ﺎ،
ﺮﻓﺍ ﻳ ﺎﻘ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﺵ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ
،ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﺴﻣﺮﮔ ﻭ
ﻱﺮﻴﺴﻣﺮﮔ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﻱ ﻢﻴﻠﻗﺍ ﻭ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ
ﻚﺸﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) Wrather et al., 2001 (
.
ﺑﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺳﻮﭘ ﻴ ﮔﺪ ﻲ ﻟﺎﻏﺫ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ ﺯﺍ ﮔﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻲ
ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻲﻳ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻳ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻦ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ ﺯﺍ
ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ١٣٤٨ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﺷ ﻳ ﻒ
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ) Gafarian, 2000 (
ﻭ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺮﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﮔ ﻴ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ) Hamdollahzadeh, 1991 (
، ﻮﺳ ﻳﺎ (Raeyat
Panah, 2002)
، ﺪﺠﻨﮐ ) Golzar, 1989 (
، ﻧﺯﻮﺳ ﻲ ﻥﺎﮔﺮﺑ )
Mirabolfathi, 1991 (
ﻭ ﺯ ﻳ ﻥﻮﺘ (Sanei et al., 2005)
،
ﺍﺰﻠﮐ ) Afshari Azad, 2008 (
ﻭ ﮐ ﻴ ﻮ ﻱ (Aghajani &
Safaie, 2008) ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺪﻧ ﺩﺭﺍ . ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻮﺳ ﻳﺎ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺍﺯ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺮﺑ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺮﺷ ﻳ ﻂ
ﺏﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺍﺯ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻠﻋ ﻲ ﻢﻏﺭ
ﺍﻳ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮑﻨ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏ ﻳ
ﻦ ﺲﻨﺟ
ﺨﺸﺗ ﻴ ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺺ ﻳ
ﮑ ﻲ ﻭ
ﺑﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ ﺍﺰ ﻲﻳ ﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻥﺎ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ .
ﻴ ،ﻦ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﮔ ﮏ ﻴ ﻣ ﻩﺎ ﻴ ﻧ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻴ ﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺰ ﻳ
ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻦ ﻴ
ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺎ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) Dhingra & Sinclair, 1973 (.
ﻨﭼ ﻴ ﻦ
ﻐﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺗﺍﺮ ﻲ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ (formae
speciales) ﺯ ،
ﻳ ﻭ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮ ﻳ
ﺎﻫﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﺎ ﻱ ﻓ ﻴ ﺰ ﻳ ﮊﻮﻟﻮ ﻳ ﺭﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺍﺭ ﮏ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ )
Su et al., 2001 (
.
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﻣ ﻱ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ M. phaseolina
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺖﺨﻳﺭ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲ ﻓ ، ﻴ ﺰ ﻳ ﮊﻮﻟﻮ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﻭ
ﺑﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ ﺍﺰ ﻲﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ (Suriachandraselvan &
Seetharaman, 2000) .
Mihail & Taylor (1995)
ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ
ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺯﺍ
،ﻪﺳﺍﺮﺘﺳﺁ
،ﻪﺳﺎﻴﺑﺭﻮﻓﺍ
،ﻪﺳﺎﺑﺎﻓ ﺳﺍﻮﭘ ﻪ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ . ﺍﻳ ﻦ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ ﺍﺰ ﻲﻳ ﻻﺎﺑ (Manici et al., 1995;
Mayek-Perez et al., 2001; Mihail & Taylor, 1995;
Miklas et al., 1998; Su et al., 2001) ﻭ
ﻉﻮﻨﺗ
ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﻻﺎﺑ (Mayek-Perez et al., 2001; Mihail
& Taylor, 1995) ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱ ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ M. phaseolina ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺣﺍﺮﻃ ITS
ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ
ﻲ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ M. phaseolina
ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺎﻫ ﺳﺭ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻴ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ (Babu
et al., 2007) .
ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﮏ ﻲ Mayek-Perez et al.
(2001) ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻲﻳ ﻭ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﻦ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺰﮑﻣ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﻊﻤﺟ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﻲ
ﺴﻣﺮﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻳ ﺎ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ Su et al.
(2001) ﭘ
ﻴ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ
ﻪﮐ ﺼﺨﺗ ﻴ ﺺ ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ
ﻮﻓﻭﺮﻛﺎﻣ ﺎﻨﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﻪ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻓ ﻴ ﺰ ﻳ ﮊﻮﻟﻮ ﻳ
،ﮏ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ ﺍﺰ ﻲﻳ ﻭ
ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ
،
ﻱﺪﻬﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ
. ٣ ..
ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﺭﺍﺪ ﻱ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻌﻤﺟ ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
(Müller-Starck et al., 1992) ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ .
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ
ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻐﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺕﺍﺮ ﺍﺮﺷ ﻳ ﻂ ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻄ ﻲ ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﺭﺍﺪ ﺮﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺍﻳ ﻦ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻦ ﻡﺎﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ
ﻳ ﮏ ﺑ ﻴ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻳ ﻦ ﻻﺩ ﻳ ﻞ ﻡﺪﻋ
ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻴ ﺖ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮔ ﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ
ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺎﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺑﻴ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﻣﺯ ﻴ ﻪﻨ
ﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ ﺑ ﻴ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤ ﻔﻣ ﻴ ﺪ
ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺩﻮﺑ . ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻱ ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﻲ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻱ ﺮﺳ ﻳ ﻊ ﺮﺗ
ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻱ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻳ ﺰ ﺯ ﻳ ﺮ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻣﻮﻓﻭﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻨ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺯﺍ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻲ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﻑﺍﺭﺁ ﻝﺍ ﭘ
١ﻲ (Aghakhani & Dubey, 2009; Almeida et
al., 2003; Su et al., 2001) ﭘﺭ
ﻴ
٢ﺪ (Aboshosha et al.,
2007; Aghakhani & Dubey, 2009; Almeida et al., 2003; Almeida et al., 2008; Das et al., 2006; Jalali et al., 2009a; Jana et al., 2003; Meena et al., 2006; Omar et al., 2007; Pecina-Quintero et al., 2001; Rajkumar & Kuruvinashetti, 2007;Su et al., 2001; Zade et al., 2009)
، ﺍ ﻱ ﻑﺍ ﻝﺍ ﭘ
٣ﻲ (Brooker et
al., 2008; Mayek-Perez et al., 2001; Pecina- Quintero et al., 2001; Reyes-Franco et al., 2006;
Saleh et al., 2009; Vandemark et al., 2000)
،
ﻳ ﭘ ﺭﺁ ﻮ ﻲ
‐ ﻲﭘ ﻲﺳ
٤ﺭﺁ ) Jana et al., 2005b (
ﻭ ﭖﺭ -
ﻲﭘ ﻲﺳ
٥ﺭﺁ ) Purkayastha et al., 2008 (
ﻭ ﺁ ﻱ ﺱﺍ ﺱﺍ
٦ﺭﺁ
) Jana et al., 2005a; Purkayastha et al., 2008 (
ﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺷ
ﺮﮐ ﺩ . ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻧ ﻴ ﺰ Jalali et al.
(2009a) ﻉﻮﻨﺗ
ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻮﺳ ﻳ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎ ﻳ ﻦ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﭘﺭ ﻴ ﺪ
،
ﺁ ﻱ ﺱﺍ ﺱﺍ ﺭﺁ ) Jalali et al., 2009a (
ﭖﺭ ﻭ ﻲﭘ ﻲﺳ ﺭﺁ
) Jalali et al., 2009b (
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻁ ﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻲ
ﺑﻴ ﻦ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﻣ ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻲﻳ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﭘ ﻴ ﺍﺪ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ . ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ
ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻳ٧
ﺎ ﺭ ﻳ ﺰ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻫﺎﻣ
٨ﺎﻫ ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻱ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ) ٢ ﺎﺗ
1. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 2. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 3. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism 4. Universal Rice Primer- PCR
5. Repetitive Sequence-Based PCR 6. Inter Simple Sequence Repeats 7. Simple Sequence Repeats=SSRs 8. Microsatellites
٦ ﺖﻔﺟ ﺯﺎﺑ ( ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺯ ﻳ ﺩﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﻧﮊ
ﺕﺍﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﮐﻭﺮﭘ
ﻳ ﺕﻮ ﻭ ﻳ ﺭﺎﮐﻮ ﻳ ﻮ ﺗ ﻲ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺁ ﻱ ﺱﺍ ﺱﺍ ﺭﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻱ ﻭ
ﺜﮑﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ﺣﺎﻧ ﻴ ﻪ ﺑ ﻴ ﻦ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺍ ﻳ ﺩﺎﺠ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻠﮑﺷ ﻲ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻨﭼ ﻴ ﺷﻭﺭ ﻦ ﻲ ﻧ ﻴ ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎ ﻲ
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻡﻮﻧﮊ
ﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻲ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱ ﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺜﮑﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ
ﻴ ﻭ ﺮ
ﻟﻮﺗ ﻴ ﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺪ ﻱ ﻠﮑﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺮﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﮏ
ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺩ ﻱ ﻥﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺮﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻴ ﻼﺘﺳﻭﺮﮑ ﻳ ﺘ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺱﻮﮑﻌﻣ .
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺍﻳ ﭘﺭ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺴﺑ ﺪ ﻴ ﺮﺳ ﺭﺎ ﻳ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻊ
ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﺬﭘﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻞ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻱ
ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ .
ﺍﻳ ﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺠ ﻱ
ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱ ﺪﻨﭼ
ﻠﮑﺷ ﻲ ﭘﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻭ ﺬ ﻳ ﺮ ﻱ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎ ﻧﺎﮔﺭﺍ ﻴ ﻢﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻳ ﮏ ،
ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻳ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻔﻣ ﻴ ﺪ ﻭ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺳﻭ ﻴ ﻌ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ
ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ (Zietkiewicz et al., 1994) .
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻭﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻴ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻨ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻮﺳ ﻳﺎ ﻭ
ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﻫ ﺍ ﻭ ﻳ ﻻﺎ ﺕ ﻩﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻳ ﺎﮑ Jana et al.
(2005a)
ﺯﺍ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ
ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺖ ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﻥﺁ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻢﻫ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺍ
ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺎﻳﺯ
ﻱﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ
ﻭ
ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺖ ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﻱﺎﻫ M. phaseolina ﺯﺍ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ . ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﺳﻭ ﻴ ﻊ ﻭ
ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻲﻳ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻖ ﺎﺑ
ﻑﺪﻫ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﻭISSR ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻴ ﺖ ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺰ ﻲ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﺷ .
ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
ﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﺍﺪﺟ
ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﻭﺰﻗ ﻳ ،ﻦ
،ﻥﺎﮔﺮﮔ
،ﻥﺎﻨﻤﺳ
،ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ
،ﻥﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﺎﺑﺭﺫﺁ ﻳ ﻥﺎﺠ
ﻗﺮﺷ ﻲ
، ،ﻥﺎﺠﻧﺯ
،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ
ﻱ
،
،ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﮑﻬﮐ ﻴ ﻮﻠ ﻳ ﻭ ﻪ
ﻮﺑ ﻳ
،ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﺮ
،ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻳ
،ﺩﺰ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺰﻣﺮﻫ ﻃ
ﻲ
لﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ٨٦ ﺎﺗ ٨٧ ﮔ ﻴ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻼﻋ ﻳ ﻢ ﺕﻭﺮﻠﮑﺳﺍ
ﺭﺩ ﺣﺎﻧ ﻴ ﻪ ﻪﻗﻮﻃ ﻭ ﺭ ﻳ ﻪﺸ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ
، ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ
ﺎﺑ ﻫ ﻴ ﺮﻠﮐﻮﭙ ﻳ ﺖ ﺪﺳ ﻳ ﻢ ﻚﻳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ ﻲ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻭ
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ،
۱۳۸۸ ٤
ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺮﺘﭘ ﻱﻭﺭ
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻂ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﻳ ﺎ ﻩﺭﺎﺼﻋ ﺳ ﻴ ﺐ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ
ﺯﻭﺮﺘﺴﻛﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺁ
ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ١
٢٥٠ ﻲﭘ ﻲﭘ ﻡﺍ ﻞﻜﻴﻨﻔﻣﺍﺮﻠﻛ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺪﺷ . ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺮﺘﭘ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٣٠
ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﮎﻮﻧ ﺭ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﺷ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻱ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻳ ﮏ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻱ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺩ ﻥﻭﺮﺘﺳ ﻭﺭ ﻱ
ﮏﺘﺸﺗ ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺪﺷ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٣٠ ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﺎﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ
ﺕﻭﺮﻠﻜﺳﺍ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
ﺷﻮﭘ ﻴ ﻩﺪ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ
ﻣ ﻴ ﺗﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺏﻮ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ٥ / ١ ﺳ ﻲ ﺳ ﻲ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ
ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧ ﻳ ﺖ ٥٢ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺯﺍ ٢٤ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﺯﺍ ١٢
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺶ
ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻲﻳ ٥٢ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ) ﺯﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ١ ﺎﺗ ٣ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ
ﻪﮐ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻖ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ( ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ .(
1. Potato Dextrose Agar
ﺍ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳ ﻱﺩ
ﻥﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺜﮑﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﻡﻮ ﺮﻫ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻂ ﺖﺸﮐ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ ٥ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺷﺎﺣ ﻴ ﻪ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺪﺷﺭ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺷ ﻴ ﻪﺸ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻲ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ٥٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻟﻴ ﺮﺘ
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻂ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺎﻣ ﻳ ﻊ ﻩﺭﺎﺼﻋ ﺐﻴﺳ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ) ﻩﺭﺎﺼﻋ ٢٠٠ ﻡﺮﮔ
ﺳ ﻴ ﺐ ﻣﺯ ﻴ ﻨ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻳ ﮏ ﻟ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ( ﻭ ﺯﻭﺮﺘﺴﻛﺩ )
١٧ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻳ ﮏ ﻟ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ( (Potato Dextrose Broth) ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ
ﺪﺷ .
ﺷ ﻴ ﻪﺸ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ٣ ﺎﺗ ٥ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٢٥ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺷ ﻴ ﺮﮑ
ﺎﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ١٤٠ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻗﺩ ﻴ ﻪﻘ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺷ ﺍﺮ ﻳ ﻂ ﺭﺎﺗ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺴ ﻴ ﻡﻮ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﭗﻤﭘ ﻼﺧ ﻭ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ
ﻓﺎﺻ ﻲ ﺏﺁ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻣ ﻴ ﺗﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺏﻮ ٥ / ١ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻟﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻱ ﺭﺩ
ﺮﻓ ﻳ ﺭﺰ
˚C ٧٠
‐ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺩ ﻱ ﻥﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﺎﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ
Safaie et al.
(2005) ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﮐ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ
ﺩ ﻱ ﻥﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻤﮐ ﻲ ﻭ ﮐ ﻴ ﻔ ﻲ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ
ﺩ ﻱ ﻥﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻝﮊ ﺯﻭﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﻳ ﮏ ﻭ ﻧ ﻴ ﻢ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺯﺭﻮﻓﻭﺮﺘﮑﻟﺍ ﺪﺷ
.
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻱﺩ ﻥﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺑ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﺗﻮﻓﻮ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ٢٠
ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻗﺭ ﻴ ﻖ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺪﺷ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١
‐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
Macrophomina phaseolina
ﻭ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻣ
ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻞﺤﻣ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻣ
ﻴ ﻥﺎﺑﺰ ﻞﺤﻣ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ
١ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ٢٧
ﺪﺠﻨﮐ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ
٢ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ
ﺱﺭﺎﻓ
٢٨ ﮐ
ﻴ ﻮ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
٣ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ
ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻱ ٢٩
ﮐ ﻴ ﻮ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
٤ ﻮﺳ
ﻳﺎ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
٣٠ ﮐ
ﻴ ﻮ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
٥ ﻮﺳ
ﻳﺎ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
٣١ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ
ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
‐ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﮐ
٦ ﻮﺳ
ﻳﺎ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
٣٢
ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
٧ ﺯ
ﻳ ﻥﻮﺘ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ
‐ ﻍﺎﺑ ﮏﻠﻣ ٣٣
ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
٨ ﺯ
ﻳ ﻥﻮﺘ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ
‐ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻪﭙﺗ ٣٤ ﻭﺪﮐ
ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻱ
٩ ﺯ
ﻳ ﻥﻮﺘ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ
‐ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ٣٥
ﻭﺪﮐ ﻭﺰﻗ
ﻳ ﻦ
١٠ ﺒﻟﺎﻃ
ﻲ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ
٣٦ ﻭﺪﮐ
ﻭﺰﻗ ﻳ ﻦ
١١ ﺒﻟﺎﻃ
ﻲ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ
٣٧ ﺵﺎﻣ
ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ
١٢ ﺒﻟﺎﻃ
ﻲ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
‐ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﮐ ٣٨
ﺵﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ
١٣ ﺑﻮﻟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻱ ﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻲ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ
٣٩ ﺵﺎﻣ
ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ
١٤ ﺑﻮﻟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻱ ﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻲ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
٤٠ ﻣﺎﺑ
ﻴ ﻪ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ
١٥ ﺑﻮﻟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻱ ﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻲ ﻭﺰﻗ
ﻳ ﻦ ٤١
ﻣﺎﺑ ﻴ ﻪ ﻳ
ﺩﺰ
١٦ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ
ﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻲ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ
٤٢ ﺪﻨﻗﺭﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
١٧ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ
ﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻲ ﻢﻗ
٤٣ ﺍﺰﻠﮐ
ﻢﻗ
١٨ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ
ﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻲ ﻭﺰﻗ
ﻳ ﻦ ٤٤
ﻩﺭﻮﺗﺎﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ
ﻱ
١٩ ﺧ
ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
‐ ﺝﺮﮐ ٤٥
ﻥﺎﺠﻣﺩﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺰﻣﺮﻫ
٢٠ ﺧ
ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﻫ
٤٦ ﺷ ﻴ ﺗﺮ ﻴ ﮏﻐ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
‐ ﮐ ﺝﺮ
٢١ ﺧ
ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻢﻗ
٤٧ ﺕﺭﺫ
ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
‐ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﮐ
٢٢ ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ
ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ٤٨
ﺕﺭﺫ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
٢٣ ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ
ﻥﺎﻨﻤﺳ ٤٩
ﻪﻧﺍﻭﺪﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
‐ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﮐ
٢٤ ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ
ﻢﻗ ٥٠
ﻞﮔ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
٢٥ ﺪﺠﻨﮐ
ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
‐ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﮐ ٥١
ﻡﻮﮔﺭﻮﺳ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
٢٦ ﺪﺠﻨﮐ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ٥٢
ﻢﻐﻠﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
‐ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﮐ
ﻱﺪﻬﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ
. ٥ ..
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳ M. phaseolina ﺎﺑ
ﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱ
ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﭘ ﻲ ﺳ ﻲ ﺭﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻳ ٢٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ
ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﻭ ﭘ ﻲ ﺳ ﻲ ﺭﺁ (PCR Master Mix) ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
٥ / ١٣ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺏﺁ ﺩ ﻳ ﻧﻮ ﻴ
،ﻩﺰ ٢ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ) (10x
ﭘ ﻲ ﺳ ﻲ ﺭﺁ
، ٦ / ٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ٥٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻝﻮﻣ
MgCl2
، ٤ / ٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ١٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻝﻮﻣ dNTPs
ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ٥ / ٢ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻝﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻳ ﮏ ﺯﺍ dNTPs
، ٣ / ٠
ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺰﻧﺁ ﻳ ﻢ ﺩ ﻱ ﻥﺍ ﺍ ﻱ
ﻠﭘ ﻴ ﺯﺍﺮﻤ
،Taq ﻳ ﮏ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ١٠
ﭘ ﻴ ﻝﻮﻣﻮﮑ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻳ ﮏ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱ ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ :
MpKFI (5´-CCGCCAGAGGACTATCAAAC-3´) ﻭ
MpKRI (5´-CGTCCGA AGCGAG GTGTA TT -3´)
ﻭ ٢ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ٢٠ ﺎﺗ ٣٠ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻧﺎﻧ
ﺩ ﻱ ﻥﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﭘ ﻴ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﻱ Babu et al.
(2007) ﻪﺑ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ٢٥ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺖﺷﺮﺳﺍﻭ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٩٥
ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ٣٠ ﻧﺎﺛ ﻴ
،ﻪ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٥٦ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻳ ﮏ
ﻗﺩ ﻴ
،ﻪﻘ ﻂﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٧٢ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ٢ ﻗﺩ ﻴ ﻪﻘ ﻭ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ
ﻂﺴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٧٢ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ١٠ ﻗﺩ ﻴ ﻪﻘ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺎﺳﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻳ ﺮﻠﮑ ﻝﺪﻣ Epgradient ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ
ﻑﺭﻭﺪﻨﭘﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﺷ . ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ
ﭘ ﻲ ﺳ ﻲ ﺭﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺳ ﻴ ﮊﺎﻨ ﻥ ﻬﺗ ﻴ ﻪ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ
ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻱ Sclerotinia sclerotium
،
Trichoderma harzianum
، Cytospora schusleri ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻣ ﻔﻨ ﻲ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺶ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .
ﺯﺭﻮﻓﻭﺮﺘﮑﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﻲﭘ ﻲﺳ ﺭﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﮊﺎﺘﻟﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ٨٥ ﻪﺑ
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻳ ﮏ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻝﮊ ﻭﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﺯ ١ % ﺭﺩ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ TBE
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ISSR
ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﻲﭘ ﻲﺳ ﺭﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻳ ٢٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ
ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﻭ ﻲﭘ ﻲﺳ ﺭﺁ (PCR Master Mix) ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
٥ / ١٤ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺏﺁ ﺩ ﻳ ﻧﻮ ﻴ
،ﻩﺰ ٢ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﭘ ﻲﺳ ﺭﺁ
،
٦ / ٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ٥٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻝﻮﻣ MgCl2
، ٤ / ٠
ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ١٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻝﻮﻣ dNTPs ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ٥ / ٢
ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻝﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻳ ﮏ ﺯﺍ dNTPs
، ٥ / ٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ
ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺰﻧﺁ ﻳ ﻢ ﻱﺩ ﻥﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻠﭘ ﻴ ﺯﺍﺮﻤ
،Taq ﻳ ﮏ
ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ١٠ ﭘ ﻴ ﻝﻮﻣﻮﮑ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺮﮐﺫ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢ ﻭ ٢ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻱ ٢٠ ﺎﺗ
٣٠ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻱﺩ ﻥﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ Jana et al.
(2005a)
ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ٣٥ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺖﺷﺮﺳﺍﻭ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻪ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٩٥ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ٣ ﻗﺩ ﻴ
،ﻪﻘ ﺷﺮﺳﺍﻭ ﺖ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٩٥ ﻪﺑ
ﺕﺪﻣ ٣٠ ﻧﺎﺛ ﻴ
،ﻪ ﺼﺗﺍ ﻝﺎ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ ﺮﮐﺫ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ
٢ ) ﻬﺑ ﻴ ﻪﻨ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻃ ﻳ ﻖ ﺩﺍﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺖﻧﺎ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻲﻳ ( ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻳ ﮏ
ﻗﺩ ﻴ
،ﻪﻘ ﻂﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٧٢ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ٢ ﻗﺩ ﻴ ﻪﻘ ﻭ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ
ﻂﺴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ
˚C ٧٢ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ٧ ﻗﺩ ﻴ ﻪﻘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ
ﺎﺳﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻳ ﺮﻠﮑ (Termal cycler) ﻝﺪﻣ
Epgradient ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻑﺭﻭﺪﻨﭘﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺪﺷ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱ ﻣ ﻝﻮﺼﺤ
ﻲﭘ ﻲﺳ ﺭﺁ
، ﺯﺭﻮﻓﻭﺮﺘﮑﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻝﮊ ﺯﻭﺭﺎﮔﺁ ٥ / ١ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﺷ .
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﺭﺎﮐ ٥ / ١ ﻡﺮﮔ ﮔﺁ ﺎ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ١٠٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻟ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ
) TBE (1x ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺕﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﻞﺣ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺪ . ١٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺯﺍ
ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻨﮐﺍﻭ ﺶ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻭﺩ ﻣ ﻴ ﻟﻭﺮﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﮓﻧﺭ ٥ X
ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﻳ ﻦ ﻝﮊ ﺎﺑ ﮊﺎﺘﻟﻭ ٨٥ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ٥ / ٢ ﺯﺭﻮﻓﻭﺮﺘﮑﻟﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﺪﺷ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻤﺨﺗ ﻴ ﻦ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ
،ﺶﻨﮐﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺎﺑﺩﺮﻧ ﻣﻮﻧﮊ ﻲ ١ ﮐ ﻴ ﻮﻠ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﺷ .
ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳ ﻪ ﻭ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻫﺩ ﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺍ ﻳ ﺩﺎﺠ ﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻳ ﺲ
ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺑ ﻴ ﻦ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ
، ﺩﺪﻋ ﻳ ﮏ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﻫ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻭ
ﺮﻔﺻ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻞﺴﮐﺍ ﺖﺒﺛ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺪ . ﺗ ﺰﺠ ﻳ ﻪ ﻭ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺍ ﻱ (Cluster Analysis)
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻳ ﭘ ﻮ ﻲ ﺟ ﻲ ﺁ ﻡﺍ (UPGMA) ﻭ ١
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿ ﻳ ﺐ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺩﺭﺎﮐﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ٢
ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ NTSYS-PC
) ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ٢,٠ ( ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﺷ ﻭ ﻡﺍﺮﮔﻭﺭﺪﻧﺩ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ
ﻭ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺳﺮﺗ
ﻴ ﻢ ﺪﺷ . ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳ ﻠﺻﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪ ﻲ
ﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻳ
ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺲ ﺮﺿ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ
ﻳ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺐ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﺎﮐﺎﺟ .
ﺎﺘﻧ
ﻳ ﺞ
ﺍﻳ ﻦ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ) ﺧ ﻴ
،ﺭﺎ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﻭ
ﺷ ﻴ ﺗﺮ ﻴ ﮏﻐ (
، ﻥﺎﻨﻤﺳ ) ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﻭ
ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ (
، ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ
) ﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻲ
، ﺑﻮﻟ ﻴ
،ﺎ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ ﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻲ
،
،ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﺧ
ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻭ ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ (
،
ﻭﺰﻗ ﻳ ﻦ ) ﺧ ﻴ
،ﺭﺎ
،ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﺑﻮﻟ
ﻴ
،ﺎ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ ﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺪﮐ (
،
ﻥﺍﺪﻤﻫ ) ﺧ ﻴ
،ﺭﺎ
،ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ (
، ﻥﺎﺠﻧﺯ ) ﺧ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ (
، ﻢﻗ
)
،ﺍﺰﻠﮐ
،ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﺧ
ﻴ
،ﺭﺎ ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ ﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ ﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻲ (
، ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ
) ﺑﻮﻟ ﻴ
،ﺎ
،ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﺧ
ﻴ
،ﺭﺎ
،ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ
،ﻪﻧﺍﻭﺪﻨﻫ ﺒﻟﺎﻃ
ﻲ
،
،ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ
،ﺪﺠﻨﮐ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻭ ﻢﻐﻠﺷ (
، ﻳ ﺩﺰ ) ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﻭ
ﻣﺎﺑ ﻴ ﻪ (
،
1. Unweighted Pair Group Method With
Arithmetic Average 2. Jaccard's Coefficient
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ،
۱۳۸۸ ٦
ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮐ ) ﺪﺠﻨﮐ ﻭ ﺵﺎﻣ ( ﻥﺎﮔﺰﻣﺮﻫ ) ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﻭ
ﻥﺎﺠﻣﺩﺎﺑ (
،
ﺯﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳ )
،ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ
،ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ ﺯ ﻳ
،ﻥﻮﺘ ﺪﺠﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺑ ﻴ ﻪ (
،
ﺱﺭﺎﻓ )
،ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﺧ
ﻴ
،ﺭﺎ
،ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ ﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺪﮐ (
، ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻱ
)
،ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﺧ
ﻴ
،ﺭﺎ ﺑﻮﻟ ﻴ ﺎ ﻭ ﻭﺪﮐ (
، ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ) ﻮﺳ ﻳ
،ﺎ ﮐ ﻴ ﻮ ﻱ
،
ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ
، ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻞﮔ ،ﺕﺭﺫ ﻱ
ﻡﻮﮔﺭﻮﺳ ، ﻭ
ﻩﺰﺑﺮﺧ (
ﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱ ﺪﺷ . ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ٥٢
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ٢٤
ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺯﺍ
١٢ ﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺯ
. ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻲﻳ M. phaseolina ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻱ
ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺖﻔﺟ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱ MpKFI ﻭ
MpKRI ﻪﺑ
ﺭﻮﻃ
ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻳ
ﮏ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ٣٥٠ ﺖﻔﺟ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻱ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻲ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ M. phaseolina ﺜﮑﺗ
ﻴ ﺮ ﺩﺮﮐ . ﺍﻳ ﻦ
ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺳ ﻳ ﺮ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺸﻧ
) ﻞﮑﺷ ١ .(
ﻞﮑﺷ ١
‐ ﻲﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
Macrophomina phaseolina
ﺎﺑ
ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ )
MpKFI/MpKRI
.(
ﻒﻟﺍ :
ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻴﺜﮑﺗ ٣٥٠
ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﺟ ٥٢
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
M. phaseolina
ﺏ : ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺜﮑﺗ ﻲﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ )
،m1
،m2
(m3
ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻴﺜﮑﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻭ
ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
T=Trichoderma
harzianum
،
C=Cytospora schusleri
ﻭ
S= Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum
. :PC
ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ )
ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺎﻨﻴﻣﻮﻓﻭﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
ﻩﺪﺷ ( :NC
،ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ :M
ﻲﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ .1Kb
ﻱﺪﻬﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ
. ٧ ..
ﺪﺟ ﻝﻭ ٢
‐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫ
ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ
Jana et al., 2005 48 ISSR25'-ACTG ACTG ACTG ACTG-3' ١ Jana et al., 2005 50 ISSR55'-GACAC GACAC GACAC GACAC-3' ٢ Jana et al., 2005 5'-CACCACCACCACCAC-3'52 ISSR10 ٣ Islam et al., 2003 5'-GTCGTCGTCGTCGTCGTCGTC-357 PcMs ٤ Vasserur et al., 2005 5'-CCACCACCACCACCA-3'47 ISSR09 ٥ Stepansky et al., 1999 5'-ATGATGATGATGATGATG-3'47 P4 ٦ Stepansky et al., 1999 5'-ACACACACACACACACYC-3'48 P5 ٧ Stepansky et al., 1999 5'-GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAYG-3'48 P6 ٨ Arbaoui et al., 2008 5'-GACAGACAGACAGACATT-348 LB-B ٩
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻦ ﻴ
ﮑ ﻲ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ISSR
ﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻴ ﻥﺎ ٩
،ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ٦
ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ،ISSR
ISSR5
، ISSR10 ،
،PcMs ISSR09 ، ﺭﺍﺩ P4 ﻱ ،ﺡﻮﺿﻭ
ﺬﭘﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻳ ﺮ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻱ
ﻠﭘ ﻲ ﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻴ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﮏ ) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲ (
ﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺰ ﻱ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻱ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ .
ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ
ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﺍ
˚C ٤٧ ﺗ ﺎ
˚C ٥٧ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺩﻮﺑ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻞﮐ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱ
ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ISSR2
، ISSR5 ،
ISSR10
، ،PcMs ISSR09 ، ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ P4 ﻴ ﺐ ٤٨٢
، ٥٣٧ ،
٥٤٨ ، ٤٧٧ ، ٣٦١ ﻭ ٣٩٤ ﺩﻮﺑ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﮏﻴﻓﺭﻮﻣﻮﻧﻮﻣ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺐ ٢٠٨ ، ١٥٦ ، ١٠٤ ، ١٠٤ ، ١٥٦ ﻭ ١٠٤ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻠﭘ ﻲ ﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻴ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﮏ ﻴ
ﺐ ٢٧٤ ، ٣٨١ ، ٤٤٤ ، ٣٧٣ ، ٢٠٥ ﻭ
٢٩٠ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ . ﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻴ ﺍ ﺰ ﻳ ﻦ ٦ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ١٢٤
ﻫﺩ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺱﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻲ
ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ٢٠ ﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺱﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻱ
ﻪﮐ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺮﻫ ١٠٨
ﻥﺁ ﺱﻮﮐﻮﻟ )
ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ
٨٧
% ( ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ .
ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﻠﮑﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ISSR2 ﻭ ISSR5 ) ٢٢ ﺱﻮﮐﻮﻟ ( ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ ﻳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻦ
ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ISSR09 ﻭ
) P4 ٩ ﺱﻮﮐﻮﻟ ( ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺪ ) ﻞﻜﺷ
٢ (.
ﻞﮑﺷ ٢
‐ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻳ ﻩﺪﻨ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﻱ
Macrophomina phaseolina
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ،
۱۳۸۸ ٨
ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ
ISSR5
. :NC
ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻔﻨﻣ ﻲ
، :M
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﻲ 1Kb
ﻞﮑﺷ ٣
‐ ﺳﺮﺗ ﻡﺍﺮﮔﻭﺭﺪﻧﺩ ﻴ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢ
UPGMA
ﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻳ ﺩﺭﺎﮐﺎﺟ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺐ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ٥٢ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ
Macrophomina phaseolina
ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱ
ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ .
52
51 50
49 48
47 46 45
44
43 42
41 40 39 38
37
36 35
34
33 3231 30
29 28
27
26 25
24 23
22 21
20 19
18
17
16 15
14
13
12
11 10
9 8 7
6
5
4
3 2
1
ﻞﮑﺷ ٤
‐ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺕﻼﭘ ﻱ
ﺰﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻳ
ﻠﺻﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪ ﻲ
ﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﺩﺭﺎﮐﺎﺟ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﺲ
ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺰﺠﺗ
ﻳ ﻪ ﻭ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺍ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
ﺯﺍ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻔﻠﺗ ﻴ ﻖ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿ
ﻳ ﺐ ﺸﺗ ﻪﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺎﮐﺎﺟ ﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ UPGMA
، ﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ
٦٠ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ) ﻞﮑﺷ ٣ (.
