View of EMPOWERING ORPHANAGE CHILDREN WITH INTEGRITY THROUGH GREEN ENGLISH PROGRAM

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—Šƒƒ†“‹ŽƒŠ‹†ȏͳȐǡƒŽ‹‹ȏʹȐǡƒ‹Š—ˆ”‘ȏ͵Ȑ

…‘–”ƒ…–•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‡…‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽˆƒ…–••—…Šƒ•‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘ƒ†—…‘–”‘ŽŽƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”‡•–ˆ‹”‡•Ǥ

Š‡•‡”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆƒ–—”ƒŽ’Š‡‘‡ƒ–Šƒ–‘……—”‹–Š‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”̵•

™‘”Ž†ǤŠ‹•‹•‡š’Ž‹…‹–Ž›•–ƒ–‡†ˆ‘”ˆ—–—”‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•Ǥ

Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ƒ…‘™Ž‡†‰‡ –Šƒ– –Š‹• •–—†› ‹• ‘– ˆ”‡‡ ˆ”‘ Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ –Š—• …‘•–”—…–‹˜‡

…”‹–‹…‹•ƒ†•—‰‰‡•–‹‘•ƒ”‡Š‹‰ŠŽ›ƒ’’”‡…‹ƒ–‡†Ǥ‹–Š–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ‹–‹•Š‘’‡†–Šƒ–ˆ—–—”‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•

…ƒ—•‡–Š‹••–—†›ƒ•ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ˆ‘””‡•‡ƒ”…Š–Šƒ–‡’Ž‘›•–Š‡–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ•–”—…–—”ƒŽ‰‡‡–‹…•ƒ†ƒŽ•‘

ƒƒŽ›œ‡ –Š‡ •Š‘”– •–‘”› ƒ–Š‘Ž‘‰› ̵ƒ‰ ‡„‹Š ‹Œƒ ƒ”‹’ƒ†ƒ ‡”‹̵ ™‹–Š †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š ƒ†

’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ

REFERENCE

‡™‹ǡǤǤǡ‘Šƒ†‹ǤǤǡ—Š‹–ƒǤǤȋʹͲʹͲȌǤƒŽ‹•‹•–”—”—”ƒŽ‹•‡‡‡–‹†ƒ‹Žƒ‹ƒ”ƒ–‡”‘˜‡Ž

ƒ”›ƒƒ”›ƒ›ƒ††ƒ•ƒ”‹‡„ƒ‰ƒ‹ƒŠƒŒƒ”ƒ•–”ƒ†‹‡‘ŽƒŠ‡‡‰ƒŠ–ƒ•ǤBasastra:

Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan PengajarannyaǡͺȋͳȌǡͳ͹͵Ǧͳ͹ͻǤ

ƒ”—ǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤPengantar Sosiologi SastraǤ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǣ—•–ƒƒ‡ŽƒŒƒ”Ǥ

‘Ž†ƒǤǤȋͳͻ͹ͷȌǤTowads a Sociology of the NovelǤƒ„”‹†‰‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ

‡”Žƒ†›ǡǤȋʹͲͳͷȌǤ‡„‹Œƒƒ‡‡”‹–ƒŠƒ‡”ƒŠ†ƒŽƒ‡ƒ‰ƒƒ‡„ƒƒ”ƒƒŠƒ†‹‘–ƒƒŽƒ‰ƒ

ƒ›ƒǤJournal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan‡‡”‹–ƒŠƒǡͶȋʹȌǡͳǦͳͳǤ

ƒ†‡Žǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ ‡•‹•–ƒ…‡ ƒ† ‘™‡”ǣ Š‡ ‡”…‡‹˜‡ ˆˆ‡…– Šƒ– ‘’—–‡”‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ ƒ ‘…‹ƒŽ

Agency’s Power Relationships. Computer in Human ServicesǡʹͻǦͶͲǤ

—‹”‘ŠǡǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‡‡–‹…–”—…–—”ƒŽ‹• ”‘‹–̵•ƒ•‹…‘…‡’–ǤLinguaǡʹǡͺ͸ǦͻʹǤ

—•–‘‹ǤǤǡ—‹”ǤǤȋʹͲͳͺȌǤƒŒ‹ƒ–”—–—”ƒŽ‹•‡‡‡–‹†ƒŽƒ‘˜‡ŽŽ‹ƒƒƒ”›ƒ‡”‡‹›‡ǤJurnal LiterasiǡʹȋͳȌǡ͹ͳǦͺͲǤ

—”ˆ‹–”‹ƒ‹ǡǤȋʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ‡ƒŽ‹–ƒ••‘•‹ƒŽ†ƒŽƒ‘˜‡Ž—Žƒ‰ƒ”›ƒ‡‹ŽƒǤŠ—†‘”‹ǣƒŒ‹ƒ–”—–—”ƒŽ‹•‡

‰‡‡–‹ǤJurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastraǡͳ͹ǡͻͺǦͳͲ͹Ǥ

ƒƒ†ŠƒǡǤǤǤǡ—•ƒ›ƒ–‹Ǥǡ Šƒ–ƒƒŠǡǤǡ‘ˆ›ƒǡǤǡƒ—ŽƒƒǡǤǡœ‹œƒŠǡǤǤǡ‹•™ƒ–‘Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǤ

‹†ƒƒ‡…‡‰ƒŠƒ‡„ƒƒ”ƒ—–ƒ†ƒƒŠƒ†‹‘–ƒƒƒ”‹†ƒǤJurnal AzimutǡʹȋʹȌǡͳ͵͵Ǧ

‘•‹ƒ–‹ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͻȌǤ •‹•–‡•‹ ƒ—•‹ƒ †ƒŽƒ ‡’”‡•‹ ‡”ƒ†ƒ„ƒ ‘†‡”ǤͳͶͲǤ Jaqfi: Jurnal Aqidah dan Filsafat IslamǡͶȋʹȌǡͳǦ͵ͺǤ

‘œƒǡ Ǥǡ ƒ•›ƒ†Ǥ Ǥǡ –‹ƒŠǤ ȋǤ†ǤȌǤ ƒ–ƒ ‡ƒ—•‹ƒƒ †ƒŽƒ ‘˜‡Ž ›ƒ–Ǧ›ƒ– ‹–ƒ ʹ ƒ”›ƒ

ƒ„‹„—””ƒŠƒ‡ŽǦŠ‹”ƒœ›ǤDeiksis: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra IndonesiaǡͻǦʹͻǤ

ƒ™‡”ƒŠǡǤǡ—ŽŒ‘‘ǤǤǡŒ‹–”‘’”ƒ‘–‘Ǥ’ǤȋʹͲͳ͸ȌǤƒ”–‹•‹•’ƒ•‹ƒ•›ƒ”ƒƒ–†ƒŽƒ‡…‡‰ƒŠƒ‡„ƒƒ”ƒ

ƒŠƒƒ„—–†‹ƒ„—’ƒ–‡‡’ƒ™ƒŠǡ”‘˜‹•‹ƒŽ‹ƒ–ƒƒ”ƒ–ǤJurnal PenyuluhanǡͳʹȋͳȌǡ ͺͻǦͳͲʹ

…Š‘…ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͷȌǤCivil Resistance: Comparative Perspectives on Nonviolent StruggleǤ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ

‹‡•‘–ƒ”‡••Ǥ

…‘––ǡƒ‡•ǤȋͳͻͻͲȌǤDomination and the Arts of ResistanceǤƒŽ‡‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ

‡’–‹ƒ‹‰”—ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͺȌǤ ƒ’ƒ ‡„ƒƒ”ƒ —–ƒ †‹ †‘‡•‹ƒ ƒŠ— ʹͲͳͷ †ƒŽƒ ‡Š‹†—’ƒ

ƒ•›ƒ”ƒƒ–ǤJurnal Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah MadaǤ

—•‹Ž‘™ƒ–‹ǡǤǤǡ†ƒ”–‹ǤǤȋʹͲͳͻȌǤ‡•‹•–‡•‹‡”‡’—ƒ†ƒŽƒ—’—Žƒ‡”‹–ƒƒ†ƒƒ”›ƒ‘››ƒ

—Ž‹ƒȋ‡‘”‹‡•‹•–‡•‹ƒ‡•Ǥ…‘––ȌǤBapalaǤ

—”ƒƒǡǤȋʹͲʹʹȌǤYang Lebih Bijak Daripada PeriǤ‹˜ƒ”‡••

ƒ•ƒǡǤǤȋʹͲͳʹȌǤTeori sastra dan penerapannyaǤ—–”ƒƒ”™ƒ–‹Ǥ

Yopi Thahara[1], Sufil Lailiyah[2], Nina Sa’idah Fitriyah[3], Nine Febrie Novitasari[4], Ahmad Yusuf ‹”†ƒ—•ȏͷȐ

EMPOWERING ORPHANAGE CHILDREN WITH INTEGRITY THROUGH GREEN ENGLISH PROGRAM Yopi Thahara[1], Sufil Lailiyah[2], Nina Sa’idah Fitriyah[3], Nine Febrie Novitasari[4], Ahmad

Yusuf Firdaus[5]

ȏͳȐ›‘’‹–ŠƒŠƒ”ƒͻͲ̷‰ƒ‹ŽǤ…‘

ȏͳȐȏʹȐȏ͵ȐȏͶȐȏͷȐ‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ•„†—”ƒ…ŠƒƒŽ‡Š

‹–—„‘†‘ǡ†‘‡•‹ƒ

AbstractǣŠ‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡’”‡•‡–•–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡…‘—‹–›•‡”˜‹…‡’”‘‰”ƒ™‹–Š’ƒ”–‡”

—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ǡ‘ƒƒǡ‹–—„‘†‘Ǥ ”‘–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹–™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–Šƒ–

ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‡”̵•ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡Šƒ†Ž‘™•‡ŽˆǦ‡•–‡‡Ǥˆƒ…–ǡƒ•–Š‡ƒ–‹‘̵•ˆ—–—”‡ǡ–Š‡›

—•–‰”‘™ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‹–‘Š—ƒ•™‹–Š‹–‡‰”‹–›–‘…‘’‡–‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽŽ›ǤŠ‡›‡‡†•‘…‹ƒŽ

•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ǡ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•ǡ ƒ† ‰‘‘† ‰Ž‹•Š Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •‹ŽŽ• –‘ „‡ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ

…‘—‹–›Ǥƒ•‡†‘–Š‡†‹•…—••‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ’ƒ”–‡”ǡ‹–™ƒ•ˆ‘—†‘—––Šƒ––Š‡

priority problems faced are (a) Tunas Melati Orphanage’s foster children have inferior

ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰• –‘™ƒ”†• –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡• ƒ† ȋ„Ȍ ‰Ž‹•Š Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •‹ŽŽ• ’‘••‡••‡† „› —ƒ• ‡Žƒ–‹

”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽŽƒ…‹‰–‘„‡—•‡†‹•‘…‹ƒŽ‹œ‹‰Ǥƒ•‡†‘–Š‡†‡•…”‹’–‹‘

‘ˆ’”‹‘”‹–›’”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†•‘Ž—–‹‘•–‘–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰’”‘„Ž‡•ǡ–Š‡‡–Š‘†‹’Ž‡‡–‡†™ƒ•

•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰ –Š‡ ‹–‡‰”‹–› …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǡ ™Š‹…Š ™ƒ• ‹•‡”–‡† ‹ ‰Ž‹•Š Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ǡ ƒ† ™ƒ•

‹’Ž‡‡–‡† ‹–‘ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–› ”‡•—Ž–• •Š‘™ –Šƒ– –Š‡ —ƒ• ‡Žƒ–‹

”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡Šƒ˜‡•Š‘™‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•‡˜‡

–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ ›‡– –‘ „‡ ƒš‹‹œ‡†ǡ Ž‹‡™‹•‡ǡ ‹ ‰Ž‹•Š Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •‹ŽŽ• ™Š‹…Š ‘Ž›

”‡ƒ…Š‡†‡˜‡ŽͳǤŠ‹•‹•„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Šƒ•‘Ž›„‡‡’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ

ˆ—”–Š‡”ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•‡‡†–‘„‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›–‘•‡‡–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ Keywordsǣ…‘—‹–›•‡”˜‹…‡ǡ‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•ǡ•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ǡ‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡

INTRODUCTION

Š‡ͳͻͶͷ‘•–‹–—–‹‘”–‹…Ž‡͵ͳƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šͳ•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–‰‡––‹‰ƒ‰‘‘†‡†—…ƒ–‹‘‹•–Š‡”‹‰Š–‘ˆ

‡˜‡”›†‘‡•‹ƒ…‹–‹œ‡Ǥ–‹ŽŽǡ‘–ƒŽŽ•…Š‘‘ŽǦƒ‰‡…Š‹Ž†”‡Šƒ˜‡–Š‡‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘‰‡–ƒ’”‘’‡”‡†—…ƒ–‹‘

ȋƒŒ—‰Ƭ—”Ž‹ƒƒǡʹͲʹͳȌǤ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡†…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒ”‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‘ˆ‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•Ǥ

Š‡•‡…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡ƒ†™‹ŽŽƒ…–‹˜‡Ž›’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡‹ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ȋƒ”ƒǡ ʹͲʹͲȌǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•Šƒ˜‡–Š‡–ƒ•‘ˆ”‡’Žƒ…‹‰–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ’ƒ”‡–•‹’”‘˜‹†‹‰ˆ‘”ƒŽƒ†

”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ƒ†’”‘˜‹†‹‰’”‘–‡…–‹‘ƒ†•‡…—”‹–›ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ȋƒ—”ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǡ

’”‘˜‹†‹‰ƒ‰‘‘†Ž‹˜‡Ž‹Š‘‘†•‘–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡…ƒ„‡‹†‡’‡†‡–ƒ†‡’‘™‡”‡†Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ

„‡…ƒ—•‡ •‘‡ ‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡• Šƒ˜‡ Ž‹‹–‡† „—†‰‡–•ǡ ‘– ƒŽŽ …ƒ ’”‘˜‹†‡ •‡ŽˆǦ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• –‘

‡’‘™‡”–Š‡‹”ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡Ǥ

Š‹Ž†‡’‘™‡”‡–…ƒ„‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—––Š”‘—‰Š•‡˜‡”ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡••—…Šƒ••‘…‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ•‹ŽŽ•

–”ƒ‹‹‰ǡ …ƒ’‹–ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡…‘‘‹… ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ ‘” ‘Ǧˆ‘”ƒŽ ‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† ‹• ƒ‹‡† ƒ– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ†

…‘—‹–‹‡•ȋ”‹ƒ•–—–‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳ͸ȌǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‡’‘™‡”‡–ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡‹–‡•‹˜‡Ž›…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ˆ‘”

‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡•–ƒ”–‹‰ˆ”‘‡’‘™‡”‡–‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”•Š‹’ȋƒ—”ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲʹͳȌǡȋƒ†ƒ‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͲȌǡȋ‹Œƒ›ƒƬƒ”‹ǡʹͲʹʹȌǡŠƒ”†•‹ŽŽ•ȋ‡™‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͲȌǡȋ‹’ƒ›—‰Ƭ—”„ƒǡ ʹͲʹʹȌǡƒ†•‘ˆ–•‹ŽŽ•ȋƒ”ƒǡʹͲʹͲȌǡȋ†”ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǤ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ‡”ƒǡ

ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •‹ŽŽ• ȋ‰Ž‹•ŠȌ „‡…‘‡ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ …ƒ’‹–ƒŽ –Šƒ– —•– „‡ ’‘••‡••‡† –‘ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡

…‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡‡••Ǥ

“

Yopi Thahara[1], Sufil Lailiyah[2], Nina Sa’idah Fitriyah[3], Nine Febrie Novitasari[4], Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus[5]

Š‡’ƒ”–‡”‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ǡ‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†ƒ–‘ƒƒ‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ǡƒ’‘‰ƒ—„Ǧ

†‹•–”‹…–ǡ ‹–—„‘†‘ ‡‰‡…›Ǥ Š‹• ‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ ™ƒ• ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† —†‡” –Š‡ ƒ—•’‹…‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—‹–›

‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†‡Žˆƒ”‡••‡„Ž›‘ˆ–Š‡—Šƒƒ†‹›ƒŠƒŒ‹”ƒ…Šǡ™‹–Šʹͳˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ȋ•‹š–‡‡„‘›•

ƒ†ˆ‹˜‡‰‹”Ž•ȌǤŠ‡†ƒ‹Ž›ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒ”‡‰‘‹‰–‘•…Š‘‘Ž

‘”™‘”‹‰‹–Š‡‘”‹‰ƒ†ƒ––‡†‹‰”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡••—…Šƒ•”‡…‹–‹‰–Š‡‘”ƒ‘”Ž‹•–‡‹‰–‘

”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•Ž‡…–—”‡•ƒˆ–‡”’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ƒ‰”‹„’”ƒ›‡”•ǤŠ‡›Šƒ˜‡‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•‘–Š‡‹”†ƒ›•‘ˆˆǤ•—ƒŽŽ›ǡ

–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡…Šƒ–™‹–Šˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‹–Š‡ƒˆ–‡”‘‘‹–Š‡„ƒ…›ƒ”†‘”’Žƒ›…‡ŽŽ’Š‘‡•

–‘”‡Ž‹‡˜‡„‘”‡†‘Ǥ

”‘–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‡„›–Š‡–‡ƒǡ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•‘„–ƒ‹‡†–Šƒ–ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”

…Š‹Ž†”‡‘ˆ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ƒŽ•‘‡š’‡”‹‡…‡†’”‘„Ž‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‹ˆ‡”‹‘”‹–›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡

‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡–”‹‡•ƒ•—…Šƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘„‡ƒ•—„•–‹–—–‡ˆ‘”’ƒ”‡–•ˆ‘”–Š‡…Š‹Ž†”‡„›ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ˆƒ‹Ž›

’ƒ”‡–‹‰Ǥ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•–”‹‡•–‘ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽƒŽŽ–Š‡’”‹ƒ”›‡‡†•‘ˆ‹–•ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ•—…Š

ƒ•ƒ†‡…‡–’Žƒ…‡–‘Ž‹˜‡ǡŠ‡ƒŽ–Š›ˆ‘‘†ǡ‰‘‘†…Ž‘–Š‡•ǡ’‘…‡–‘‡›–‘‰‘–‘•…Š‘‘Žǡƒ†–Š‡…—Ž–‹˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ

”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•‡†—…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ‡™•‡ŽˆǦ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡’”‘˜‹†‡†–‘ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡†—‡

–‘–Š‡‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡̵•Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰‡’‘™‡”‡–ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡‹”•‘…‹ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘ƒ•

Š—ƒ•Ǥ•Š—ƒ•ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡ƒ•‘…‹ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘–Šƒ–‹…Ž—†‡•–Š‡‡‡†ˆ‘”ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ǡŽ‘˜‹‰ƒ†„‡‹‰

Ž‘˜‡†ǡ”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘ƒ†ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’ǡƒ†ƒŽŽ‘–Š‡”ˆ‘”•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ȋ‡ƒǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ

Š‹•‹• ‘– ™Š‘ŽŽ› ‘„–ƒ‹‡† „› ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•ǡ•‘ –Š‡› ˆ‡‡Ž‹ˆ‡”‹‘” ™Š‡ …‘’ƒ”‹‰

–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ‘‘†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•ƒ”‡‡‡†‡†–‘„‡ƒ’‡”•‘‘ˆ‹–‡‰”‹–›Ǥ

‘‘†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•—•–„‡…‘‡…–‡†–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ‘™ƒ’‡”•‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡•ǡ„‘–Š

‘”ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‹™”‹–‹‰ǡ”‡ˆŽ‡…–•–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆ–Šƒ–’‡”•‘Ǥ•‹‰–Š‡…‘””‡…–Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘

–Š‡…‘–‡š–‘ˆŠ‹•‡˜‹”‘‡–•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‡’‡”•‘Šƒ•‰‘‘†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•ȋ—”‹ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǤƒ

‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‹œ‡†•‘…‹‡–›ǡ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‹ŽŽ•‹‰Ž‹•Š„‡…‘‡‡…‡••ƒ”›„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‹•Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹•—•‡†ƒ•

ƒ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ‹•–”—…–‹‘ ‹ ƒ› ˆ‹‡Ž†•Ǥ ‘ Šƒ˜‡ ‘”‡ •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ƒ† Š‹‰Š

…‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡‡••ǡƒ•–‡”‹‰‰Ž‹•Š‹•‡…‡••ƒ”›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡƒ•–Š‡‡š–‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘™Š‘

ƒ•’‹”‡–‘’”‘‰”‡••ǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•ƒ”‡‡–‹–Ž‡†–‘”‡…‡‹˜‡‡†—…ƒ–‹‘–‘ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ–Š‡‹”‡–ƒŽ

ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ‰”‘™–Š‡‡†•—–‹Ž–Š‡›ƒ”‡”‡ƒ†›–‘Ž‹˜‡‹•‘…‹‡–›ȋ‹•‰‹›ƒ–‹ƬŠ‘Š‹„—ŽǡʹͲͳͻȌǤŠ‡•‘‡

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡–”›–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡‹‰Ž‹•Šǡ–Š‡›–‡†–‘„‡•Š›ƒ†…Š‘‘•‡‘––‘ƒ•™‡”„‡…ƒ—•‡

–Š‡›–Š‹–Š‡›…ƒ‘–•’‡ƒ‰Ž‹•ŠǤŠ‡›‘Ž›‰‡–‰Ž‹•Š•‹ŽŽ•ƒ–•…Š‘‘Ž™‹–ŠŽ‹‹–‡†Š‘—”•ƒ†–‡†

–‘„‡–‡š–„‘‘Ǧ‘”‹‡–‡†ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ’”‘˜‹†‹‰‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ˆˆ‘”–•

–Šƒ–…ƒ„‡ƒ†‡–‘’”‘˜‹†‡–Š‡™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’•‡•‹„Ž›ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽŽ›Ǥ

’‡”•‘̵•Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•…ƒ„‡•‡‡ˆ”‘–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•

‘ˆƒ’‡”•‘‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Š‡†‘‡•Ǥ‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›‹•ƒ’‡”•‘̵•ƒ…–‹‘–‘”‡ƒ…–“—‹…Ž›ƒ†

ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž›–‘‘„Œ‡…–•‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡•—””‘—†‹‰‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›‡‡†•–‘

„‡ ˆ—”–Š‡” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† –‘ ”‡†—…‡ ‡‰‘…‡–”‹• ƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ƒ •‡•‡ ‘ˆ ‡’ƒ–Š› ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡”• ƒ”‘—†

ȋ—”Šƒ›ƒ–‹ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲʹͲȌǤ ‘…‹ƒŽ •‡•‹–‹˜‹–› ‹• ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ –‘ „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ”‡•’‘† –‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ

…‘†‹–‹‘•ƒ”‘—†Ǥ‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›…ƒ„‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•ǣ”‡ƒŽ‹œ‹‰–Šƒ–™‡…ƒ‘–

Ž‹˜‡ƒŽ‘‡ǡ‰‡––‹‰ƒŽ‘‰ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡™‹–Š‘–Š‡”•ǡ’ƒ›‹‰ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒ†‹’”‘˜‹‰Š‘™™‡•’‡ƒǡ

‡‰ƒ‰‹‰‹•‘…‹ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰‡’ƒ–Š›ǡ„‡Šƒ˜‹‰’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ†•‡‡‹‰ƒ†ƒ…–Ǥ

‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ •‹ŽŽ• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• –‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡Ž› ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡”•

˜‡”„ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‘˜‡”„ƒŽŽ›ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒ†…‘†‹–‹‘•–Šƒ–‡š‹•–ƒ––Šƒ––‹‡ȋ‹–”ƒ•ƒ”‹‡–

ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǤ‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•…ƒ„‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•ǣ„‡‹‰ƒ”‘Ž‡‘†‡Žǡ’Žƒ›‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•

‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡Š‘‡ǡ•Šƒ”‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡˆƒ‹Ž›‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ”‡ƒ†‹‰•–‘”›„‘‘•ǡ•‹‰‹‰ǡ•‡‡‹‰

‡™‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•ǡƒ†–‡ƒ…Š‹‰‡’ƒ–Š›Ǥ‘•—’’‘”––Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ‹–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡ–Š‡›ƒŽ•‘‰‡–’”‘˜‹•‹‘ˆ‘”…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‹ŽŽ•‹‰Ž‹•Š™Š‹…Š‹•

ˆ‘…—•‡†‘•’‡ƒ‹‰•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ’‡”•‘̵••’‡ƒ‹‰•‹ŽŽ•…ƒ„‡‡ƒ•—”‡†ˆ”‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽƒ•’‡…–•ǡƒ‡Ž›

‰”ƒƒ” ƒ† ˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›ǡ †‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡ ’”‘—…‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹˜‡ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘

ȋƒ„”‹†‰‡ǡʹͲͳͳȌǤ

‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‡’‘™‡”‡–• –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ‰Ž‹•Š Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •‹ŽŽ• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ‹ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ

‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡‡”ƒŽ‰Ž‹•ŠŽ‡••‘•ȋ—ƒ•–‹‹Ƭ–ƒ‹ǡʹͲͳͻȌǡ’”‘˜‹†‡•–‘”›–‡ŽŽ‹‰

•‹ŽŽ• ȋ‘•›‹†‹ Ƭ —”‹•‘ǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ •‡ŽˆǦ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ ™‹–Š „ƒ•‹… ‰Ž‹•Š Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘

ȋ ƒ–‹ƒŠ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǡƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹œ‡‰”‡‡–‹‰ƒ†ˆƒ”‡™‡ŽŽ•‹ŽŽ•‹‰Ž‹•Šȋ†”‹›ƒ‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹʹȌǤ

‹‹Žƒ”ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘–Š‡”‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•–‘‡’‘™‡”ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡„—–™‹–Š

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‰Ž‹•Š •‹ŽŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ‘” ‡’‘™‡”‡– ‡–Š‘†•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘

“

Yopi Thahara[1], Sufil Lailiyah[2], Nina Sa’idah Fitriyah[3], Nine Febrie Novitasari[4], Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus[5]

Š‡’ƒ”–‡”‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ǡ‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†ƒ–‘ƒƒ‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ǡƒ’‘‰ƒ—„Ǧ

†‹•–”‹…–ǡ ‹–—„‘†‘ ‡‰‡…›Ǥ Š‹• ‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ ™ƒ• ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† —†‡” –Š‡ ƒ—•’‹…‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—‹–›

‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†‡Žˆƒ”‡••‡„Ž›‘ˆ–Š‡—Šƒƒ†‹›ƒŠƒŒ‹”ƒ…Šǡ™‹–Šʹͳˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ȋ•‹š–‡‡„‘›•

ƒ†ˆ‹˜‡‰‹”Ž•ȌǤŠ‡†ƒ‹Ž›ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒ”‡‰‘‹‰–‘•…Š‘‘Ž

‘”™‘”‹‰‹–Š‡‘”‹‰ƒ†ƒ––‡†‹‰”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡••—…Šƒ•”‡…‹–‹‰–Š‡‘”ƒ‘”Ž‹•–‡‹‰–‘

”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•Ž‡…–—”‡•ƒˆ–‡”’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ƒ‰”‹„’”ƒ›‡”•ǤŠ‡›Šƒ˜‡‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•‘–Š‡‹”†ƒ›•‘ˆˆǤ•—ƒŽŽ›ǡ

–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡…Šƒ–™‹–Šˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‹–Š‡ƒˆ–‡”‘‘‹–Š‡„ƒ…›ƒ”†‘”’Žƒ›…‡ŽŽ’Š‘‡•

–‘”‡Ž‹‡˜‡„‘”‡†‘Ǥ

”‘–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‡„›–Š‡–‡ƒǡ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•‘„–ƒ‹‡†–Šƒ–ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”

…Š‹Ž†”‡‘ˆ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ƒŽ•‘‡š’‡”‹‡…‡†’”‘„Ž‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‹ˆ‡”‹‘”‹–›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡

‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡–”‹‡•ƒ•—…Šƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘„‡ƒ•—„•–‹–—–‡ˆ‘”’ƒ”‡–•ˆ‘”–Š‡…Š‹Ž†”‡„›ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ˆƒ‹Ž›

’ƒ”‡–‹‰Ǥ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•–”‹‡•–‘ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽƒŽŽ–Š‡’”‹ƒ”›‡‡†•‘ˆ‹–•ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ•—…Š

ƒ•ƒ†‡…‡–’Žƒ…‡–‘Ž‹˜‡ǡŠ‡ƒŽ–Š›ˆ‘‘†ǡ‰‘‘†…Ž‘–Š‡•ǡ’‘…‡–‘‡›–‘‰‘–‘•…Š‘‘Žǡƒ†–Š‡…—Ž–‹˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ

”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•‡†—…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ‡™•‡ŽˆǦ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡’”‘˜‹†‡†–‘ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡†—‡

–‘–Š‡‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡̵•Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰‡’‘™‡”‡–ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡‹”•‘…‹ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘ƒ•

Š—ƒ•Ǥ•Š—ƒ•ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡ƒ•‘…‹ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘–Šƒ–‹…Ž—†‡•–Š‡‡‡†ˆ‘”ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ǡŽ‘˜‹‰ƒ†„‡‹‰

Ž‘˜‡†ǡ”‡…‘‰‹–‹‘ƒ†ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’ǡƒ†ƒŽŽ‘–Š‡”ˆ‘”•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ȋ‡ƒǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ

Š‹•‹• ‘– ™Š‘ŽŽ› ‘„–ƒ‹‡† „› ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•ǡ•‘ –Š‡› ˆ‡‡Ž‹ˆ‡”‹‘” ™Š‡ …‘’ƒ”‹‰

–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ‘‘†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•ƒ”‡‡‡†‡†–‘„‡ƒ’‡”•‘‘ˆ‹–‡‰”‹–›Ǥ

‘‘†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•—•–„‡…‘‡…–‡†–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ‘™ƒ’‡”•‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡•ǡ„‘–Š

‘”ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‹™”‹–‹‰ǡ”‡ˆŽ‡…–•–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆ–Šƒ–’‡”•‘Ǥ•‹‰–Š‡…‘””‡…–Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘

–Š‡…‘–‡š–‘ˆŠ‹•‡˜‹”‘‡–•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‡’‡”•‘Šƒ•‰‘‘†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•ȋ—”‹ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǤƒ

‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‹œ‡†•‘…‹‡–›ǡ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‹ŽŽ•‹‰Ž‹•Š„‡…‘‡‡…‡••ƒ”›„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‹•Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹•—•‡†ƒ•

ƒ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ‹•–”—…–‹‘ ‹ ƒ› ˆ‹‡Ž†•Ǥ ‘ Šƒ˜‡ ‘”‡ •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ƒ† Š‹‰Š

…‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡‡••ǡƒ•–‡”‹‰‰Ž‹•Š‹•‡…‡••ƒ”›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡƒ•–Š‡‡š–‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘™Š‘

ƒ•’‹”‡–‘’”‘‰”‡••ǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•ƒ”‡‡–‹–Ž‡†–‘”‡…‡‹˜‡‡†—…ƒ–‹‘–‘ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ–Š‡‹”‡–ƒŽ

ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ‰”‘™–Š‡‡†•—–‹Ž–Š‡›ƒ”‡”‡ƒ†›–‘Ž‹˜‡‹•‘…‹‡–›ȋ‹•‰‹›ƒ–‹ƬŠ‘Š‹„—ŽǡʹͲͳͻȌǤŠ‡•‘‡

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡–”›–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡‹‰Ž‹•Šǡ–Š‡›–‡†–‘„‡•Š›ƒ†…Š‘‘•‡‘––‘ƒ•™‡”„‡…ƒ—•‡

–Š‡›–Š‹–Š‡›…ƒ‘–•’‡ƒ‰Ž‹•ŠǤŠ‡›‘Ž›‰‡–‰Ž‹•Š•‹ŽŽ•ƒ–•…Š‘‘Ž™‹–ŠŽ‹‹–‡†Š‘—”•ƒ†–‡†

–‘„‡–‡š–„‘‘Ǧ‘”‹‡–‡†ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ’”‘˜‹†‹‰‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ˆˆ‘”–•

–Šƒ–…ƒ„‡ƒ†‡–‘’”‘˜‹†‡–Š‡™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’•‡•‹„Ž›ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽŽ›Ǥ

’‡”•‘̵•Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•…ƒ„‡•‡‡ˆ”‘–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•

‘ˆƒ’‡”•‘‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Š‡†‘‡•Ǥ‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›‹•ƒ’‡”•‘̵•ƒ…–‹‘–‘”‡ƒ…–“—‹…Ž›ƒ†

ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž›–‘‘„Œ‡…–•‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡•—””‘—†‹‰‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›‡‡†•–‘

„‡ ˆ—”–Š‡” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† –‘ ”‡†—…‡ ‡‰‘…‡–”‹• ƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ƒ •‡•‡ ‘ˆ ‡’ƒ–Š› ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡”• ƒ”‘—†

ȋ—”Šƒ›ƒ–‹ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲʹͲȌǤ ‘…‹ƒŽ •‡•‹–‹˜‹–› ‹• ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ –‘ „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ”‡•’‘† –‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ

…‘†‹–‹‘•ƒ”‘—†Ǥ‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›…ƒ„‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•ǣ”‡ƒŽ‹œ‹‰–Šƒ–™‡…ƒ‘–

Ž‹˜‡ƒŽ‘‡ǡ‰‡––‹‰ƒŽ‘‰ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡™‹–Š‘–Š‡”•ǡ’ƒ›‹‰ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒ†‹’”‘˜‹‰Š‘™™‡•’‡ƒǡ

‡‰ƒ‰‹‰‹•‘…‹ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰‡’ƒ–Š›ǡ„‡Šƒ˜‹‰’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ†•‡‡‹‰ƒ†ƒ…–Ǥ

‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ •‹ŽŽ• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• –‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡Ž› ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡”•

˜‡”„ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‘˜‡”„ƒŽŽ›ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒ†…‘†‹–‹‘•–Šƒ–‡š‹•–ƒ––Šƒ––‹‡ȋ‹–”ƒ•ƒ”‹‡–

ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǤ‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•…ƒ„‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•ǣ„‡‹‰ƒ”‘Ž‡‘†‡Žǡ’Žƒ›‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•

‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡Š‘‡ǡ•Šƒ”‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡˆƒ‹Ž›‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ”‡ƒ†‹‰•–‘”›„‘‘•ǡ•‹‰‹‰ǡ•‡‡‹‰

‡™‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•ǡƒ†–‡ƒ…Š‹‰‡’ƒ–Š›Ǥ‘•—’’‘”––Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ‹–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡ–Š‡›ƒŽ•‘‰‡–’”‘˜‹•‹‘ˆ‘”…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‹ŽŽ•‹‰Ž‹•Š™Š‹…Š‹•

ˆ‘…—•‡†‘•’‡ƒ‹‰•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ’‡”•‘̵••’‡ƒ‹‰•‹ŽŽ•…ƒ„‡‡ƒ•—”‡†ˆ”‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽƒ•’‡…–•ǡƒ‡Ž›

‰”ƒƒ” ƒ† ˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›ǡ †‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡ ’”‘—…‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹˜‡ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘

ȋƒ„”‹†‰‡ǡʹͲͳͳȌǤ

‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‡’‘™‡”‡–• –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ‰Ž‹•Š Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •‹ŽŽ• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ‹ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ

‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡‡”ƒŽ‰Ž‹•ŠŽ‡••‘•ȋ—ƒ•–‹‹Ƭ–ƒ‹ǡʹͲͳͻȌǡ’”‘˜‹†‡•–‘”›–‡ŽŽ‹‰

•‹ŽŽ• ȋ‘•›‹†‹ Ƭ —”‹•‘ǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ •‡ŽˆǦ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ ™‹–Š „ƒ•‹… ‰Ž‹•Š Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘

ȋ ƒ–‹ƒŠ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǡƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹œ‡‰”‡‡–‹‰ƒ†ˆƒ”‡™‡ŽŽ•‹ŽŽ•‹‰Ž‹•Šȋ†”‹›ƒ‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹʹȌǤ

‹‹Žƒ”ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘–Š‡”‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡•–‘‡’‘™‡”ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡„—–™‹–Š

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‰Ž‹•Š •‹ŽŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ‘” ‡’‘™‡”‡– ‡–Š‘†•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘

Yopi Thahara[1], Sufil Lailiyah[2], Nina Sa’idah Fitriyah[3], Nine Febrie Novitasari[4], Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus[5]

‡’‘™‡”‡–ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ˆ‘”‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡…‘•‹†‡”‹‰Š‘™‰Ž‹•Š‹’”‘˜‡‡–ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•

…ƒ„‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–™‹–Šƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•–Šƒ–‹•–‹ŽŽ‘’–‹‹•–‹……Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”•Ǥ—Ž–‹˜ƒ–‹‰ƒ•‡•‡‘ˆ‘’–‹‹•ˆ‘”

‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–„‡…ƒ—•‡•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•”‡’‘”––Šƒ–ƒ›‘”’Šƒ•ˆ‡‡Ž‹ˆ‡”‹‘”ǡ

•Š›ǡƒˆ”ƒ‹†ǡƒ††‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”‘‘–Š‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡†—‡–‘–Š‡‹”•–ƒ–—•ȋ—•–ƒˆƒƬƒ†‹›ƒ–‹ǡʹͲͳͻȌ•‘–Š‡›ˆ‡‡Ž

‹ˆ‡”‹‘”ȋ‘˜‹‡ƒ›ƒ–‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǤ

—‡–‘—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡̵•Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‘Ž›ƒˆ‡™‡’‘™‡”‡–ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡’”‘˜‹†‡†ˆ‘”

‹–• ˆ‘•–‡” …Š‹Ž†”‡Ǥ Š‡ ‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡̵• ˆ‘•–‡” …Š‹Ž†”‡ ‡‡† ‘”‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ –Š‡‹” •‹ŽŽ•

„‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡›ƒŽ•‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘‰”‘™ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒ†

Šƒ˜‡ƒ’”‘‹•‹‰ˆ—–—”‡ǤŠ‡›ƒŽ•‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘‰”‘™‹–‘Š—ƒ„‡‹‰•™Š‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡•‡ŽˆǦ‹–‡‰”‹–›

–‘•‡‡–Š‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‹–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ–Š‡›…ƒ‘–†‡˜‡Ž‘’™‡ŽŽ‹–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘Ǥ

ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡‹”•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘‘–•—’’‘”–‡†„›…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•‹ŽŽ•ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‹‰Ž‹•Šǡ‡˜‡

–Š‘—‰Š‰Ž‹•Š‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ–‘ƒ•–‡”‹ˆ–Š‡›™ƒ––‘„‡’ƒ”–‘ˆƒ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ•‘…‹‡–›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡

ƒ‰”‡‡‡–™‹–Š–Š‡’ƒ”–‡”•ǡ–Š‡’”‹‘”‹–›’”‘„Ž‡•ˆƒ…‡†ƒ”‡ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣȋƒȌ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡Šƒ˜‡‹ˆ‡”‹‘”ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡƒ†ȋ„Ȍ‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•’‘••‡••‡†„›

—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡•–‹ŽŽ‡‡†‘’–‹‹œ‹‰–‘„‡—•‡†‹•‘…‹ƒŽ‹œ‹‰Ǥ

–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡ–Š‡–‡ƒƒ••‹•–‡†–Š‡—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡–‘•‡‡–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•

ˆ”‘–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘–‘•‡‡–Š‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡˜ƒŽ—‡•–Šƒ–‡š‹•–‹–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‹•’”‘‰”ƒ

‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡•‰Ž‹•Š•‹ŽŽ•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡••‘–Šƒ––Š‡—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡…ƒ

—•‡–Š‡•‡•‹ŽŽ•™Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹œ‹‰‹–Š‡…‘—‹–›ǤŠ‡ˆ‘…—•‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‹•–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ

‹–‡‰”‹–›…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ǧ„—‹Ž†‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†‹–‘‰Ž‹•ŠŽ‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ǡ–Š‡

ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•–‘„‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ƒ”‡†‡•‹‰‡†•‘–Šƒ–‹Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‰Ž‹•Šǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡™‹ŽŽ•‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›

Ž‡ƒ”ƒ„‘—––Š‡…‘…‡’–‘ˆ•‡Žˆƒ•ƒŠ—ƒ„‡‹‰™‹–Š‹–‡‰”‹–›™Š‘Šƒ•’‘•‹–‹˜‡˜ƒŽ—‡•ƒ„‘—–Š‹•‡ŽˆǤ

METHOD

Š‡–›’‡‘ˆƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š—•‡†‹–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‹•ƒ‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤ‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‹•

ƒƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‹„‘–Š–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒƒ†–Š‡•‡”˜‹…‡̵•‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡Ž‡‡–•–Šƒ–…ƒ

†›ƒ‹œ‡–Š‡…‘—‹–›–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ƒ•’‹”‡†’”‘‰”‡••ȋƒ”ƒ‹–ƒǡʹͲͳͳȌǤƒ•‡†‘–Š‡†‡•…”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ

–Š‡’”‹‘”‹–›’”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’”‘„Ž‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•ǡ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–Š‹••‡”˜‹…‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‹••–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰–Š‡

‹–‡‰”‹–›…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•’ƒ…ƒ‰‡†ƒ†‹•‡”–‡†‹‰Ž‹•ŠŽ‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ†‹’Ž‡‡–‡†‹–‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ

ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ˆ‘”ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›‡‹‰Š–‘–Š•ƒ––Š‡’ƒ”–‡”’sŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ—–‹Ž–Š‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡™ƒ•™”‹––‡ǡ–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Žƒ•–‡†‘Ž›–Š”‡‡‘–Š•Ǥ

–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡ’ƒ”–‡”•ƒ…–‹˜‡Ž›’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡‹ƒŽŽƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•™Š‘ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘–Š‡–ƒ”‰‡–

‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ƒ”‡ʹͳ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǤŠ‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡†‹˜‹†‡†‹–‘–™‘–›’‡•

‘ˆƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‡––ƒ”‰‡–•ǣȋͳȌ–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰Š—ƒ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”™‹–Š‹–‡‰”‹–›ˆ‘”—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǤŠ‹•–ƒ”‰‡–™ƒ•‹’Ž‡‡–‡†–Š”‘—‰Šƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•–Šƒ––”ƒ‹‡†ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡̵••‡•‹–‹˜‹–›

ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•ǤȋʹȌ–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•ˆ‘”—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡Ǥ

Š‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ‹‡†ƒ–‡“—‹’’‹‰—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡™‹–Š‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•

•‘–Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ˜‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ–‘„‡‘”‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘…‘’‡–‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽŽ›ǤŠ‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹…Ž—†‡†ˆ—

Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•™Š‡”‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒ••–—†‡–•ˆ‡Ž–…‘ˆ‹†‡–ƒ†‡‡”‰‹œ‡†ǤŠ‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ˆ‘…—•‡†

‘ •–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰ ˆ‘•–‡” …Š‹Ž†”‡̵• …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ •‹ŽŽ• ‹ •‹’Ž‡ ‹–‡”’‡”•‘ƒŽ ƒ† –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘ƒŽ

…‘–‡š–•Ǥ

”‘–Š‡†‡•…”‹’–‹‘ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•–‘…—Ž–‹˜ƒ–‡–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‘ˆ‹–‡‰”‹–›‰‹˜‡–‘—ƒ•

‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡™‡”‡‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†‹–‘‰Ž‹•ŠŽ‡ƒ”‹‰Ǥ‘•‹–‹˜‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”•ƒ†˜ƒŽ—‡•

Š—ƒ• ’‘••‡•• ™‹–Š ‹–‡‰”‹–›ǡ •—…Š ƒ• Š‘’‡ǡ Šƒ”‘›ǡ Š‡ƒŽ–Šǡ Š‘’‡ǡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡ ƒ† …‘ˆ‘”–

•›„‘Ž‹œ‡ ‘’–‹‹•Ǥ Š‡•‡ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”• ƒ”‡ —†‡” –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘Ž‘” •›„‘Ž‹œ‡† „› ‰”‡‡Ǥ

Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‹• •‘…‹ƒŽ •‡”˜‹…‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‹–› …‘…‡”‡† ‡’‘™‡”‹‰ ‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ …Š‹Ž†”‡ ™‹–Š

‹–‡‰”‹–›–Š”‘—‰Š‰”‡‡‰Ž‹•Š’”‘‰”ƒǤ

To measure the predetermined achievement targets, the Tunas Melati Orphanage foster children participated in activities to improve their social relationships and English language skills. The results of these activities will be analyzed by referring to the theory of social sensitivity according to (Nurhayati et al., 2020), social skills according to (Citrasari et al., 2021), and speaking skills according to (Cambridge, 2011). The instruments used to collect data were observation sheets, checklists, and questionnaires.

“

Yopi Thahara[1], Sufil Lailiyah[2], Nina Sa’idah Fitriyah[3], Nine Febrie Novitasari[4], Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus[5]

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Š‡•‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•™‡”‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ˆ‘”ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›•‡˜‡‘–Š•ƒ–—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ǡ

‘ƒƒ‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ǡƒ’‘‰ƒ‹–—„‘†‘‹•–”‹…–ǤŠ‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘–‡ƒ…ƒ””‹‡†‘—––Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡƒ‡Ž›

Ž‡…–—”‡”•‹‰Ž‹•Šƒ†‘…‹ƒŽ…‹‡…‡•Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘–‡ƒˆ”‘Ž‡…–—”‡”•ǡ–Š‹•

ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ƒŽ•‘‹˜‘Ž˜‡†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•–—†‡–•ƒ†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ”‡•‘—”…‡’‡”•‘•™‹–Š˜ƒ”‹‘—•‡š’‡”–‹•‡ƒ……‘”†‹‰

–‘–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›̵•‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ǤŠ‡–ƒ”‰‡–‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‹•ʹͳˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‘ˆ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡Ǥ

Findings

Š‹• ƒ…–‹˜‹–› ‹• ’Žƒ‡† –‘ „‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ˆ‘” ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› •‡˜‡ ‘–Š•Ǥ –‹ŽŽǡ —–‹Ž –Š‹• ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ ‹•

™”‹––‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Šƒ•‘Ž›„‡‡”—‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›–Š”‡‡‘–Š•ǡ•‘–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ”‡•—Ž–•…ƒ‘–

„‡ †”ƒ™Ǥ ”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›ǡ ‹– Šƒ• „‡‡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† –Šƒ– –Š‹• •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹• †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ –™‘ –›’‡•ǣ

ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰Š—ƒ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”™‹–Š‹–‡‰”‹–›ƒ†ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰

‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–ˆ‘•–‡”‹‰…Š‹Ž†”‡‘ˆ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡Ǥƒ…Šƒ…–‹˜‹–›…‘–ƒ‹‡†

ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†‹˜‘Ž˜‡†•’‡ƒ‡”•™Š‘…‘—Ž†•—’’‘”–ƒ…Š‹‡˜‹‰–Š‡•‡–™‘‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‡

–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ

ƒǤ ‡–‘”•Š‹’ǣŠ‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›™ƒ•Š‡Ž†ˆ‘”–™‘‡‡–‹‰•ǤŠ‡Š—ƒ”‡•‘—”…‡•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹„‡…‘‹‰

‡–‘”•ˆ‘”–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ƒ”‡ƒƒ‰ˆ‹ƒŽ‹•–•ƒ†„—‰‹–—„‘†‘ˆ‹ƒŽ‹•–•ǤŠ‡•‡–™‘‡–‘”•ƒ”‡

Šƒ˜‡ƒ„ƒ…‰”‘—†•‹‹Žƒ”–‘–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡™Š‘†‘‘–Šƒ˜‡…‘’Ž‡–‡’ƒ”‡–•ƒ†…‘‡ˆ”‘

ƒˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ›†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡†ˆƒ‹Ž›„ƒ…‰”‘—†Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ„‘–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ƒƒ‰‡†–‘‡š…‡ŽǤ

Š‡‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡–™‘‡–‘”•‹•ƒŽ•‘–‘’”‘˜‹†‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•ƒ†•Šƒ”‡•–‘”‹‡•ƒ„‘—––Š‡

‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ•–”—‰‰Ž‡ƒ†•Š‘™–Šƒ–‘–Šƒ˜‹‰…‘’Ž‡–‡’ƒ”‡–•†‘‡•‘–‡ƒ–Š‡›ƒ”‡™‘”–ŠŽ‡••

ƒ† ™‘”–ŠŽ‡•• ƒ• Š—ƒ„‡‹‰•Ǥ •–‡ƒ†ǡ „› …‘–‹—‹‰ –‘ –”› ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”ǡ –Š‡› …ƒƒ‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡

ƒ†‹”‡ƒ†Ž‘˜‡–Š‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‡–•Ǥ

–Š‹•‡–‘”•Š‹’’”‘‰”ƒǡ„‘–Š‡–‘”•‡š’Žƒ‹‡†–Šƒ––Š‡‹”ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‡–•™‡”‡ƒŽ•‘†—‡–‘–Š‡‹”

‰Ž‹•Š•‹ŽŽ•ǤŠ‡‡–‘”•Š‹’”‘‰”ƒ™ƒ•Š‡Ž†–™‹…‡–Š”‘—‰Š…ƒ•—ƒŽ–ƒŽ•ƒ††‹•…—••‹‘•ǤŠ‡

ˆ‘•–‡” …Š‹Ž†”‡ •‡‡‡† ‡–Š—•‹ƒ•–‹… Ž‹•–‡‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ •–‘”‹‡• ‘ˆ ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡• •Šƒ”‡† „› –Š‡ –™‘

‡–‘”•ǤŠ‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒŽ•‘•‡‡‡†Šƒ’’›–‘•Šƒ”‡–Š‡‹”ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•Ǥ–Š‹••‡••‹‘ǡ‡˜‡•‘‡

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡•‡‡‡†“—‹–‡‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ™Š‡–‡ŽŽ‹‰–Š‡‹”ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•ƒ•‘”’Šƒ•™Š‘ˆ‡Ž–‹•‡…—”‡

„‡…ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„•‡…‡ ‘ˆ …Ž‘•‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘ …‘—Ž† •—’’‘”– –Š‡ ‹ †‡…‹†‹‰ •‘‡–Š‹‰Ǥ Š‹•

’”‘‰”ƒ‘’‡‡†–Š‡‹†•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡•‘–Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ†ƒ…Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡‹”ƒ••‡••‡–‘ˆ

–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ†„‡‰ƒ–‘ˆ‡‡Ž‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†ƒ†…‘ˆ‹†‡–Ǥ

„Ǥ ‘”•Š‘’•ǣŠ‡™‘”•Š‘’•ˆ‘”ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡…‘•‹•–‘ˆ–Š”‡‡–›’‡•ǣƒ‘——„‡”™‘”•Š‘’ǡƒ

…‘‘‹‰™‘”•Š‘’ǡƒ†ƒˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›ƒ†…ƒ”‡‡”‰—‹†ƒ…‡™‘”•Š‘’Ǥ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–™‘”•Š‘’ǡ

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡Ž‡ƒ”–‘…”‡ƒ–‡•‹’Ž‡…‘–‡––‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’•‹ŽŽ•–‘„‡…‘‡ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ›‹†‡’‡†‡–

‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡ǤŠ‡”‡•‘—”…‡’‡”•‘ˆ‘”–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›™ƒ•”‹‡™‹—–”‘ǡƒ‹–—„‘†‘”‡•‹†‡–ƒ†ƒ

‘——„‡”‘™ƒ•ƒ‡–Ǥ–Š‹•™‘”•Š‘’ǡ–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒŽ•‘„‡‰ƒ–‘…”‡ƒ–‡–Š‡‹”‘™

‘——„‡…Šƒ‡Ž–‘„‡ˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ™‹–Š…‘–‡–”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž›ǡ‡‹–Š‡”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽŽ›‘”‹‰”‘—’•™‹–Š–Š‡‹”

ˆ”‹‡†•ǤŠ‡…‘–‡–˜ƒ”‹‡•†‡’‡†‹‰‘–Š‡‹”‹–‡”‡•–•ǡ•—…Šƒ•…‘–‡–ƒ„‘—–†ƒ‹Ž›ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ–

–Š‡‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ǡ†ƒ‹Ž›—”ƒ‹…ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ…Šƒ––‹‰™‹–Š”‘‘ƒ–‡•ǡƒ†’Žƒ›‹‰ˆ—–•ƒŽ‡˜‡”›™‡‡‡†Ǥ

’ƒ”–ˆ”‘Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ„‘—–„‡‹‰ƒ„‡‰‹‡”‘——„‡”ǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒŽ•‘Ž‡ƒ”‰Ž‹•Š–‡”•‹

–Š‡™‘”Ž†‘ˆ…‘–‡–…”‡ƒ–‘”•ǤŠ‹•ƒ‹•–‘‡”‹…Š–Š‡‹”‰Ž‹•Š˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›Ǥ‘–Š‡”–Š‹‰†‘‡–‘

‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡‹”‰Ž‹•Š•‹ŽŽ•‹•–‘…”‡ƒ–‡…‘–‡–‹‰Ž‹•ŠǤ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡…ƒ…”‡ƒ–‡

…‘–‡– —•‹‰ ‰Ž‹•Š –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‡ ˜‹†‡‘Ǥ Š‡› ƒ› —•‡ …‘†‡Ǧ•™‹–…Š‹‰ ‘” …‘†‡Ǧ‹š‹‰ ‘ˆ

†‘‡•‹ƒ ‘” ‰Ž‹•Š ƒ†—”‡•‡ ‹ ƒ‹‰ –Š‡‹” ˜‹†‡‘•Ǥ Š‡‹” ƒ–—”ƒŽ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ™‹ŽŽ ƒ†† –‘ –Š‡‹”

˜‹†‡‘•̵—‹“—‡‹’”‡••‹‘ƒ†ƒ––”ƒ…–‹˜‡‡••Ǥ

Š‡•‡…‘†™‘”•Š‘’ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ˆ‘”—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡™ƒ•ƒ…‘‘‹‰™‘”•Š‘’Ǥ

Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›„”‘—‰Š–‹ƒ”‡•‘—”…‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡†–ƒ‹ƒ‰Šˆ‹”ƒǡƒ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”‹–Š‡…—Ž‹ƒ”›

ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ–Š‹•–™‘Ǧ†ƒ›™‘”•Š‘’ǡ–Š‡…Š‹Ž†”‡Ž‡ƒ”‡†Š‘™–‘ƒ‡•‹’Ž‡‡—•–Šƒ–…ƒ„‡•‘Ž†

‘Ž‹‡ǡ–Š—•–”ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡–‘„‡ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ›‹†‡’‡†‡–ǤŠ‡‡—–ƒ—‰Š––‘„‡ƒ†‡„›–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”

…Š‹Ž†”‡‹•ƒ…‘’Ž‡–‡Ž‹™‡–”‹…‡‡—ƒ†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ†”‹••—…Šƒ•es buahƒ†…‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›es campur.

“

Yopi Thahara[1], Sufil Lailiyah[2], Nina Sa’idah Fitriyah[3], Nine Febrie Novitasari[4], Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus[5]

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Š‡•‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•™‡”‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ˆ‘”ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›•‡˜‡‘–Š•ƒ–—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ǡ

‘ƒƒ‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ǡƒ’‘‰ƒ‹–—„‘†‘‹•–”‹…–ǤŠ‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘–‡ƒ…ƒ””‹‡†‘—––Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡƒ‡Ž›

Ž‡…–—”‡”•‹‰Ž‹•Šƒ†‘…‹ƒŽ…‹‡…‡•Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘–‡ƒˆ”‘Ž‡…–—”‡”•ǡ–Š‹•

ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ƒŽ•‘‹˜‘Ž˜‡†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•–—†‡–•ƒ†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ”‡•‘—”…‡’‡”•‘•™‹–Š˜ƒ”‹‘—•‡š’‡”–‹•‡ƒ……‘”†‹‰

–‘–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›̵•‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ǤŠ‡–ƒ”‰‡–‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‹•ʹͳˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‘ˆ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡Ǥ

Findings

Š‹• ƒ…–‹˜‹–› ‹• ’Žƒ‡† –‘ „‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ˆ‘” ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› •‡˜‡ ‘–Š•Ǥ –‹ŽŽǡ —–‹Ž –Š‹• ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ ‹•

™”‹––‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Šƒ•‘Ž›„‡‡”—‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›–Š”‡‡‘–Š•ǡ•‘–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ”‡•—Ž–•…ƒ‘–

„‡ †”ƒ™Ǥ ”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›ǡ ‹– Šƒ• „‡‡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† –Šƒ– –Š‹• •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹• †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ –™‘ –›’‡•ǣ

ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰Š—ƒ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”™‹–Š‹–‡‰”‹–›ƒ†ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰

‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–ˆ‘•–‡”‹‰…Š‹Ž†”‡‘ˆ—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡Ǥƒ…Šƒ…–‹˜‹–›…‘–ƒ‹‡†

ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†‹˜‘Ž˜‡†•’‡ƒ‡”•™Š‘…‘—Ž†•—’’‘”–ƒ…Š‹‡˜‹‰–Š‡•‡–™‘‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‡

–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ

ƒǤ ‡–‘”•Š‹’ǣŠ‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›™ƒ•Š‡Ž†ˆ‘”–™‘‡‡–‹‰•ǤŠ‡Š—ƒ”‡•‘—”…‡•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹„‡…‘‹‰

‡–‘”•ˆ‘”–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ƒ”‡ƒƒ‰ˆ‹ƒŽ‹•–•ƒ†„—‰‹–—„‘†‘ˆ‹ƒŽ‹•–•ǤŠ‡•‡–™‘‡–‘”•ƒ”‡

Šƒ˜‡ƒ„ƒ…‰”‘—†•‹‹Žƒ”–‘–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡™Š‘†‘‘–Šƒ˜‡…‘’Ž‡–‡’ƒ”‡–•ƒ†…‘‡ˆ”‘

ƒˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ›†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡†ˆƒ‹Ž›„ƒ…‰”‘—†Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ„‘–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ƒƒ‰‡†–‘‡š…‡ŽǤ

Š‡‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡–™‘‡–‘”•‹•ƒŽ•‘–‘’”‘˜‹†‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•ƒ†•Šƒ”‡•–‘”‹‡•ƒ„‘—––Š‡

‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ•–”—‰‰Ž‡ƒ†•Š‘™–Šƒ–‘–Šƒ˜‹‰…‘’Ž‡–‡’ƒ”‡–•†‘‡•‘–‡ƒ–Š‡›ƒ”‡™‘”–ŠŽ‡••

ƒ† ™‘”–ŠŽ‡•• ƒ• Š—ƒ„‡‹‰•Ǥ •–‡ƒ†ǡ „› …‘–‹—‹‰ –‘ –”› ƒ† Ž‡ƒ”ǡ –Š‡› …ƒƒ‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡

ƒ†‹”‡ƒ†Ž‘˜‡–Š‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‡–•Ǥ

–Š‹•‡–‘”•Š‹’’”‘‰”ƒǡ„‘–Š‡–‘”•‡š’Žƒ‹‡†–Šƒ––Š‡‹”ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‡–•™‡”‡ƒŽ•‘†—‡–‘–Š‡‹”

‰Ž‹•Š•‹ŽŽ•ǤŠ‡‡–‘”•Š‹’”‘‰”ƒ™ƒ•Š‡Ž†–™‹…‡–Š”‘—‰Š…ƒ•—ƒŽ–ƒŽ•ƒ††‹•…—••‹‘•ǤŠ‡

ˆ‘•–‡” …Š‹Ž†”‡ •‡‡‡† ‡–Š—•‹ƒ•–‹… Ž‹•–‡‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ •–‘”‹‡• ‘ˆ ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡• •Šƒ”‡† „› –Š‡ –™‘

‡–‘”•ǤŠ‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒŽ•‘•‡‡‡†Šƒ’’›–‘•Šƒ”‡–Š‡‹”ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•Ǥ–Š‹••‡••‹‘ǡ‡˜‡•‘‡

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡•‡‡‡†“—‹–‡‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ™Š‡–‡ŽŽ‹‰–Š‡‹”ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•ƒ•‘”’Šƒ•™Š‘ˆ‡Ž–‹•‡…—”‡

„‡…ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„•‡…‡ ‘ˆ …Ž‘•‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘ …‘—Ž† •—’’‘”– –Š‡ ‹ †‡…‹†‹‰ •‘‡–Š‹‰Ǥ Š‹•

’”‘‰”ƒ‘’‡‡†–Š‡‹†•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡•‘–Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ†ƒ…Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡‹”ƒ••‡••‡–‘ˆ

–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ†„‡‰ƒ–‘ˆ‡‡Ž‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†ƒ†…‘ˆ‹†‡–Ǥ

„Ǥ ‘”•Š‘’•ǣŠ‡™‘”•Š‘’•ˆ‘”ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡…‘•‹•–‘ˆ–Š”‡‡–›’‡•ǣƒ‘——„‡”™‘”•Š‘’ǡƒ

…‘‘‹‰™‘”•Š‘’ǡƒ†ƒˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›ƒ†…ƒ”‡‡”‰—‹†ƒ…‡™‘”•Š‘’Ǥ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–™‘”•Š‘’ǡ

ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡Ž‡ƒ”–‘…”‡ƒ–‡•‹’Ž‡…‘–‡––‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’•‹ŽŽ•–‘„‡…‘‡ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ›‹†‡’‡†‡–

‹–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡ǤŠ‡”‡•‘—”…‡’‡”•‘ˆ‘”–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›™ƒ•”‹‡™‹—–”‘ǡƒ‹–—„‘†‘”‡•‹†‡–ƒ†ƒ

‘——„‡”‘™ƒ•ƒ‡–Ǥ–Š‹•™‘”•Š‘’ǡ–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒŽ•‘„‡‰ƒ–‘…”‡ƒ–‡–Š‡‹”‘™

‘——„‡…Šƒ‡Ž–‘„‡ˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ™‹–Š…‘–‡–”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž›ǡ‡‹–Š‡”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽŽ›‘”‹‰”‘—’•™‹–Š–Š‡‹”

ˆ”‹‡†•ǤŠ‡…‘–‡–˜ƒ”‹‡•†‡’‡†‹‰‘–Š‡‹”‹–‡”‡•–•ǡ•—…Šƒ•…‘–‡–ƒ„‘—–†ƒ‹Ž›ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ–

–Š‡‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ǡ†ƒ‹Ž›—”ƒ‹…ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ…Šƒ––‹‰™‹–Š”‘‘ƒ–‡•ǡƒ†’Žƒ›‹‰ˆ—–•ƒŽ‡˜‡”›™‡‡‡†Ǥ

’ƒ”–ˆ”‘Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ„‘—–„‡‹‰ƒ„‡‰‹‡”‘——„‡”ǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒŽ•‘Ž‡ƒ”‰Ž‹•Š–‡”•‹

–Š‡™‘”Ž†‘ˆ…‘–‡–…”‡ƒ–‘”•ǤŠ‹•ƒ‹•–‘‡”‹…Š–Š‡‹”‰Ž‹•Š˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›Ǥ‘–Š‡”–Š‹‰†‘‡–‘

‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡‹”‰Ž‹•Š•‹ŽŽ•‹•–‘…”‡ƒ–‡…‘–‡–‹‰Ž‹•ŠǤ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡…ƒ…”‡ƒ–‡

…‘–‡– —•‹‰ ‰Ž‹•Š –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‡ ˜‹†‡‘Ǥ Š‡› ƒ› —•‡ …‘†‡Ǧ•™‹–…Š‹‰ ‘” …‘†‡Ǧ‹š‹‰ ‘ˆ

†‘‡•‹ƒ ‘” ‰Ž‹•Š ƒ†—”‡•‡ ‹ ƒ‹‰ –Š‡‹” ˜‹†‡‘•Ǥ Š‡‹” ƒ–—”ƒŽ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ™‹ŽŽ ƒ†† –‘ –Š‡‹”

˜‹†‡‘•̵—‹“—‡‹’”‡••‹‘ƒ†ƒ––”ƒ…–‹˜‡‡••Ǥ

Š‡•‡…‘†™‘”•Š‘’ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ˆ‘”—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹‘”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡™ƒ•ƒ…‘‘‹‰™‘”•Š‘’Ǥ

Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›„”‘—‰Š–‹ƒ”‡•‘—”…‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡†–ƒ‹ƒ‰Šˆ‹”ƒǡƒ‡–”‡’”‡‡—”‹–Š‡…—Ž‹ƒ”›

ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ–Š‹•–™‘Ǧ†ƒ›™‘”•Š‘’ǡ–Š‡…Š‹Ž†”‡Ž‡ƒ”‡†Š‘™–‘ƒ‡•‹’Ž‡‡—•–Šƒ–…ƒ„‡•‘Ž†

‘Ž‹‡ǡ–Š—•–”ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡–‘„‡ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ›‹†‡’‡†‡–ǤŠ‡‡—–ƒ—‰Š––‘„‡ƒ†‡„›–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”

…Š‹Ž†”‡‹•ƒ…‘’Ž‡–‡Ž‹™‡–”‹…‡‡—ƒ†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ†”‹••—…Šƒ•es buahƒ†…‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›es campur.

Yopi Thahara[1], Sufil Lailiyah[2], Nina Sa’idah Fitriyah[3], Nine Febrie Novitasari[4], Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus[5]

‘‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡̵•‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•ǡ–Š‡›ƒŽ•‘”‡…‡‹˜‡ƒ••‹•–ƒ…‡–‘…”‡ƒ–‡ˆ‘‘†

ƒ†„‡˜‡”ƒ‰‡”‡…‹’‡…‘–‡–‹„‹Ž‹‰—ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘•ȋ†‘‡•‹ƒǦ‰Ž‹•ŠȌǡ‡—ƒ‡•ƒ†„—•‹‡••

ƒ‡•–Šƒ–—•‡‰Ž‹•Šǡƒ†‰Ž‹•Š’”‘‘–‹‘‡ˆˆ‘”–•ƒ–™‡‡Ž›ƒ” ”‡‡ƒ›‡˜‡–•Ǥ–Š‹•‡˜‡–ǡ

–Š‡›—•–—•‡‰Ž‹•Š–‘’”‘‘–‡–Š‡‹”‡—–‘ƒ” ”‡‡ƒ›˜‹•‹–‘”•ǤŠ‹•ƒ‹•–‘‰‹˜‡ˆ‘•–‡”

…Š‹Ž†”‡–Š‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡ǡŠƒ˜‡‰‘‘†•‡ŽˆǦ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ǡ‹’”‘˜‡‡–”‡’”‡‡—”‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•ǡ

ƒ†‰ƒ‹‡™‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•ǤŠ‡‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ––Š‹‰‹•’”‘˜‹†‹‰˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘

ˆ‘‘† ƒ† „‡˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ‹‰”‡†‹‡–• –Šƒ– –Š‡› Ž‡ƒ”‡† –Š”‘—‰Š‰ƒ‡• …‘†—…–‡† ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ™‘”•Š‘’

ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ

Š‡–Š‹”†™‘”•Š‘’ˆ‘”—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡̵•ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡™ƒ•ƒˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›ƒ†…ƒ”‡‡”

‰—‹†ƒ…‡ ™‘”•Š‘’Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•‘—”…‡ ’‡”•‘ ’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ –Š‹• ƒ…–‹˜‹–› ™ƒ• ƒ ƒŽ——• ‘ˆ –Š‡

‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–‡ƒ̵•…ƒ’—•™Š‘™ƒ•ƒ•—……‡••ˆ—Ž‡–”‡’”‡‡—”ƒ•ƒ”‡‰‰‹ƒ‰•‡ŽŽ‡”Ǥ–Š‹•

™‘”•Š‘’ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡„”‹‡ˆ‹‰•‘’‡”•‘ƒŽˆ‹ƒ…‡ǡˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡ

•ƒ˜‹‰•ƒ†‹˜‡•–‡–ǡ…”‡†‹–ƒ†Ž‘ƒƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡƒ†”‹•ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǤŠ‡›™‡”‡‹–”‘†—…‡†

–‘ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–‹•‹’‘”–ƒ––‘‹•–‹ŽŽ‹–‡ƒ”Ž›ǤŠ‡‹•–‹ŽŽ‡†ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†

‡š’‡”‹‡…‡™‹ŽŽ„‡‹–‡”ƒŽ‹œ‡†‹ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡–‘ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ƒ†Šƒ„‹–•‘ˆƒƒ‰‹‰

–Š‡‹” ˆ‹ƒ…‡• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ—–—”‡ ƒ• ƒ ‰‘‘† …—Ž–—”‡Ǥ ‡…ƒ—•‡ ˆ‘•–‡” …Š‹Ž†”‡ Šƒ˜‡ ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž› „‡‡

‡“—‹’’‡†™‹–Š–Š‡•‹ŽŽ•–‘„‡…‘‡„‡‰‹‡”‘——„‡”•ƒ†‘’‡ƒ…—Ž‹ƒ”›„—•‹‡••ǡ–Š‡›ƒ”‡

‡š’‡…–‡†–‘„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒƒ‰‡–Š‡‹…‘‡‡ƒ”‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‹”‡–”‡’”‡‡—”‹ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•™‹•‡Ž›Ǥ

ƒ††‹–‹‘ –‘ ‰‡––‹‰ ƒ „”‹‡ˆ‹‰ ‘ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ Ž‹–‡”ƒ…›ǡ ˆ‘•–‡” …Š‹Ž†”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‰‡– ƒ „”‹‡ˆ‹‰ ‘ …ƒ”‡‡”

‰—‹†ƒ…‡Ǥ‡”‡–Š‡›Ž‡ƒ”–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ†–Š‡‹”‡˜‹”‘‡–‹ƒ‹‰†‡…‹•‹‘•ǡ

’Žƒ‹‰ǡƒ†…Š‘‘•‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•–Šƒ–…ƒŠ‡Ž’–‘™ƒ”†•ƒ…ƒ”‡‡”ƒ†ƒ™ƒ›‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡–Šƒ–’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ

•‡•‡‘ˆ•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–‹•„›–Š‡‹”…ƒ’ƒ…‹–›Ǥ–Š‹•…ƒ”‡‡”‰—‹†ƒ…‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡

Ž‡ƒ”–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡™‡ŽŽǡ—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡ‡š’”‡••‹†‡ƒ•ƒ†‘’‹‹‘•ǡƒ†‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡‹”

•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ

‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ ‰Ž‹•Šǡ ˆ‘•–‡” …Š‹Ž†”‡ Ž‡ƒ” –‘ ˆ‹† Œ‘„ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ƒ„”‘ƒ†ǡ ™”‹–‡ Œ‘„ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘

Ž‡––‡”•ǡ‹–”‘†—…‡–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡƒ†…‘†—…–Œ‘„‹–‡”˜‹‡™•‹‰Ž‹•ŠǤŠ‹•ƒ‹•–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ˆ‘•–‡”

…Š‹Ž†”‡™‹–Š„”‘ƒ†‡”‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•–‘‰‡–Œ‘„•ǡ‘–‘Ž›ƒ––Š‡Ž‘…ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž„—–ƒŽ•‘ƒ––Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ

ƒ†‡˜‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž•ǤŠ‡•‹ŽŽ•–ƒ—‰Š–ƒ”‡‡š’‡…–‡†–‘Š‡Ž’ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡‘’‡†‘‘”•ƒ†

’ƒ–Š•–‘ƒ„‡––‡”ˆ—–—”‡Ǥ

c. Volunteer Visit:This activity invites volunteers to accompany the children of Tunas Melati Orphanage to learn English through fun activities. These activities include reading storybooks and then discussing them together. The implementation team provided English storybooks and bilingual books for the children to learn to read in English. After understanding the story, they are asked to retell the content of the story. In addition, they also learn English vocabulary through flash card games, and apples-to-apples. The use of board games made them happy and excited to learn English. Apart from the fact that it is a new thing, learning in the company of students not far from their age makes them not ashamed to ask questions if they find difficulties. Learning storytelling for foster children is an activity that is initially quite scary because they have to tell stories in English.

But when it was explained that the most important thing is the message conveyed well, foster children began to dare little by little, trying to perform the story.

d. Outing: The last activity conducted up to the time of this article is outings. This activity is carried out to give foster children the experience of communicating with others, especially foreign tourists.

In this activity, the foster children also practiced describing the places they visited in English to improve their English language skills. In this activity, although not yet optimal, some foster children dared to do short dialogs such as greeting, giving greetings, saying goodbye, saying thank you, and some transactional conversations such as asking and giving short information. But unfortunately, they are not yet confident, so the conversations are not so long.

In addition, outing activities was also be held in places where foster children learn about sharing affection with others, namely PAUD / TK. This activity aims to instill feelings of gratitude and self- esteem in foster children. The kindergartens visited were PAUD Seruni and TK DWP 1 Situbondo.

Here the foster children work with the kindergarten children accompanying them to play and learn basic English, namely number, animal, and color material. In addition to training foster children to communicate with others, in this activity, they also learn about instilling feelings of gratitude and self-esteem and that they can be helpful to others.

“

Yopi Thahara[1], Sufil Lailiyah[2], Nina Sa’idah Fitriyah[3], Nine Febrie Novitasari[4], Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus[5]

Discussion

Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•‹’Ž‡‡–‡†ƒ†’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡†‹„›—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ƒ‹–‘

…Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‹”’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘–Š‡‹”•‡ŽˆǦ™‘”–ŠǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š•Ž‘™ƒ†‰”ƒ†—ƒŽǡ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡•‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•

•Š‘™–Šƒ–ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡Šƒ˜‡ƒ„‡––‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡‹–‡”•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ

•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ ”‘ –Š‡ ‡–‘”•Š‹’ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ ‰‘––‡ ƒ ”‡ƒŽ ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ –™‘ ‡–‘”• –Šƒ–

Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‘–ƒ„ƒ””‹‡”–‘•Š‘™‹‰–Š‡‹”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ†„‡‡ˆ‹–‹‰‘–Š‡”•Ǥ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘••Š‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘

‘–„‡ƒ‹Š‹„‹–‹‰ˆƒ…–‘”ˆ‘”Š—ƒ•–‘•Šƒ”‡™‹–Š‘–Š‡”•„‡…ƒ—•‡•Šƒ”‹‰‹•‘–ƒŽ™ƒ›•‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ

ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ „—– …ƒ ƒŽ•‘ „‡ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡ ‡‡”‰›ǡ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘” •–‘”‹‡•Ǥ

‡–‘”•Š‹’ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‹‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‰ƒ†…Šƒ‰‹‰–Š‡‹†•‡–‘ˆˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǤŠ‹•‹•

„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡–™‘‡–‘”•̵ƒ‰‡‹•…Ž‘•‡–‘–Š‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡̵•ƒ‰‡ǤŠ‹•‹•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰™Šƒ–‹•‡–‹‘‡†

„›ȋƒˆ‹–”‹ǡʹͲͳͳȌ–Šƒ–‡–‘”•Š‹’ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡—•—ƒŽŽ›•—……‡••ˆ—Ž„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡‡–‘”‘–‘Ž›ƒ…–•ƒ•

ƒƒ†˜‹•‘”„—–ƒŽ•‘ƒ•ƒ…‘ƒ…Šǡ…‘—•‡Ž‘”ǡ…‘’ƒ‹‘ǡ–‡ƒ…Š‡”ǡƒ†”‘Ž‡‘†‡ŽǤ

‘”•Š‘’ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ƒ”‡ ™Š‡”‡ ƒ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ ’‡‘’Ž‡ Ž‡ƒ”ǡ ƒ…“—‹”‡ ‡™ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ǡ ’‡”ˆ‘”

…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›‹’”‘„Ž‡Ǧ•‘Ž˜‹‰ǡ‘”‹‘˜ƒ–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”’”‘„Ž‡ȋ]”‰”‡‡Ƭ‡˜‹•‡ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ

‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘–Š‹•†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ǡ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ™‘”•Š‘’ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•™‡”‡’”‘˜‹†‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡

™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‹–Šƒ––Š‡›Ž‡ƒ”ƒ„‘—–‡™–Š‹‰•™Š‹Ž‡–”›‹‰–‘„‡…”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡‹Ž‡ƒ”‹‰–Š‡

‡™ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ–Š‡›‰‡–ǡƒ‡Ž›ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽƒ„‘—–…‘–‡–…”‡ƒ–‘”•ǡ‘——„‡ǡ…—Ž‹ƒ”›ǡƒ†ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›

ƒ†…ƒ”‡‡”‰—‹†ƒ…‡Ǥ ”‘–Š‡‘—–•‡–ǡ‹–™ƒ•‡š’Žƒ‹‡†–Šƒ––Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ƒ‹•–‘‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›‡ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡

–‘ƒ…“—‹”‡‰‘‘†•‘…‹ƒŽƒ†‰Ž‹•Š•‹ŽŽ•ǤŠ‡™‘”•Š‘’‹•–Š‡”‹‰Š–’Žƒ…‡ˆ‘”–Š‡–‘Ž‡ƒ”„‡…ƒ—•‡ǡ‹

ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘‰‡––‹‰–Š‡‘”›ǡˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡—•–ƒŽ•‘†‹”‡…–Ž›’”ƒ…–‹…‡™Šƒ–Šƒ•„‡‡–ƒ—‰Š–Ǥˆ…‘—”•‡ǡ

–Š‹•™‹ŽŽƒ‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰’”‘…‡••‘”‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ

Š‡‘—–‹‰•–Š‡—ƒ•‡Žƒ–‹”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡†‹ƒŽ•‘•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž›‹’ƒ…–

–Š‡‹”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘–‘ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‰–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰’”‘…‡••‘ˆˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ‘—–‹‰•ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘

”‡…”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ǤŠ‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‰‹–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡ–Š‡›Ž‘‘Šƒ’’›•‘–Šƒ––Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰

’”‘…‡••„‡…‘‡•‘”‡‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—ŽǤƒ……‘”†ƒ…‡™‹–Š™Šƒ–‹••ƒ‹†ȋƒŠƒ™ƒ–‹Ƭƒœƒ”—ŽŽƒ‹ŽǡʹͲʹͲȌǡ

‘—–‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Šƒ˜‡–Š‡„‡‡ˆ‹–•‘ˆ”‡†—…‹‰„‘”‡†‘ǡ–”ƒ‹‹‰…Š‹Ž†”‡–‘ˆ‘•–‡”ƒ•‡•‡‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽƒ†

…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰ …”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›ǡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰ ‘”ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† †‹•…‹’Ž‹‡ǡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰ Ž‘˜‡ ˆ‘” ‘†ǡ ƒ†

‹’”‘˜‹‰Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•‹•–‘”›–‡ŽŽ‹‰ǤŠ‡•‡„‡‡ˆ‹–•‰”‡ƒ–Ž›•—’’‘”––Š‡†‡•‹”‡†ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‡––ƒ”‰‡–•

ˆ‘”ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ„‘–Š‹•‘…‹ƒŽƒ†‰Ž‹•Šƒ•’‡…–•Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ‘—–‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ•‘„‡‡’”‘˜‡

–‘‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡‘—–…‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰’”‘…‡••ȋ—”†‹›ƒ–‘‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͳȌǤ

‘‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡„‹‘’•›…Š‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‘ˆˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡„‡‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–Šƒ˜‡

„‡‡’”‘˜‡–‘‹…”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ•‡š’Žƒ‹‡†„›ȋ—”Šƒ›ƒ–‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹͲȌǡ

ƒ ’‡”•‘̵••‘…‹ƒŽ •‡•‹–‹˜‹–› ‹••‡‡ ˆ”‘ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š ‘– •‘ Š‹‰Šǡ –Š‡—ƒ• ‡Žƒ–‹

”’Šƒƒ‰‡ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡Šƒ˜‡•Š‘™ƒŽŽ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒ•Š—ƒ•ǤŠ‡•‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•

‹†‹…ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‡š‹•–‡…‡ ‘ˆ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”• ƒ† ˜ƒŽ—‡• –ƒ”‰‡–‡† –‘ „‡ ’‘••‡••‡† „› Š—ƒ• ™‹–Š

‹–‡‰”‹–›Ǥ

ˆˆ‘”–•–‘‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‘ˆˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡̵•‰Ž‹•ŠŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‹ŽŽ•‹‡˜‡”›ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ƒ”‡

…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–‹ƒˆ—™ƒ›ǡ•—…Šƒ•‘†‡Ž‹‰ǡ‰”‘—’™‘”ǡ…‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ǡ‰ƒ‡•ǡ•–‘”›–‡ŽŽ‹‰ǡƒ†

”‘Ž‡’Žƒ›ǤŠ‡•‡‡–Š‘†•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡’”‘˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‹‹’”‘˜‹‰‰Ž‹•Šǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›•’‡ƒ‹‰•‹ŽŽ•ȋŽ

”‹ˆǡʹͲͳͻǢ‡™‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳ͸Ǣ‘˜‹–ƒ•ƒ”‹ǡʹͲͳͻǢ‡Žƒ•“—‡œǡʹͲͳͷȌǤŠ‡—•‡‘ˆ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‡†‹ƒ

•—…Šƒ•„‘ƒ”†‰ƒ‡•ǡ„‹Ž‹‰—ƒŽ•–‘”›„‘‘•ǡƒ†‘˜‹‡•ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘•—’’‘”–‹‰ˆƒ…–‘”•ˆ‘”–Š‡•—……‡••‘ˆ–Š‡

Ž‡ƒ”‹‰’”‘…‡••ǤŠ‡•‡‡†‹ƒ…ƒ’”‘˜‹†‡‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹–‡”‡•–‹Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ˆ‘”ˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡ǤŠ‡

’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆƒ—†‹‘ƒ†˜‹•—ƒŽ…ƒƒ––”ƒ…––Š‡ƒ––‡–‹‘‘ˆˆ‘•–‡”…Š‹Ž†”‡•‘–Šƒ––Š‡›…ƒŽ‡ƒ”™‹–Š

‡–Š—•‹ƒ•Ǥ ‡˜‡”ƒŽ •–—†‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ ’”‘˜‡ –Šƒ– —•‹‰ ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ‡†‹ƒ Šƒ• •—……‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›

‹’”‘˜‡†•–—†‡–•̵•’‡ƒ‹‰•‹ŽŽ•ȋŠƒ‹”ƒ‹ǡʹͲʹͳǢ‹•”ƒƬ——•ǡʹͲʹͲǢƒ•›‹†ǡʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ ”‘–Š‹•ǡ

—•‹‰‹–‡”ƒ…–‹˜‡ƒ†‡‰ƒ‰‹‰‡†‹ƒ…ƒ‹’”‘˜‡•–—†‡–Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‘—–…‘‡•‹‹’”‘˜‹‰•’‡ƒ‹‰

•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ

Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›•Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡“—‹–‡‘–‹…‡ƒ„Ž‡”‡•—Ž–•ˆ”‘–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Ǥ ”‘–Š‡

•‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ•’‡…–ǡ ˆ‘•–‡” …Š‹Ž†”‡ Šƒ˜‡ •–ƒ”–‡† …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‰ …‘ˆ‹†‡–Ž› ™‹–Š ‘—–•‹†‡”• ƒ† •–”ƒ‰‡”•Ǥ

Ž–Š‘—‰Š‹–‹•‘Ž›ƒ•Š‘”–…‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡›…ƒ†‘‹–™‹–Š’‡‘’Ž‡–Š‡›‡‡–ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‹‡ǤŠ‡›ƒŽ•‘

—†‡”•–ƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡›†‘‘–‡‡†–‘ˆ‡‡Ž‹ˆ‡”‹‘”–‘‘–Š‡”•™Š‘ƒ”‡ȋ’‡”Šƒ’•Ȍ‘”‡ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡–Šƒ–Š‡Ǥ