IJ-ET: INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOCY
Volume 1, Issue 1, May 2022 : 67-81
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROID-BASED TEACHING MATERIALS IN BIOLOGY SUBJECTS OF SMA MUHAMMADIYAH SIDENRENG
RAPPANG
Nurdianah1*, Muh. Rais2 , Abdul Hakim3
1*2Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Science Education, Makassar State University, Jl. AP Pettarani, Makassar, Indonesia
3Departrment of Educational Technology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Jl. A. P. Pettarani, Makassar, Indonesia
1*Email: [email protected]
Received, 16 May 2022; Accepted,18 May 2022; Published, 18 May 2022
Abstrak
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan produk bahan ajar berbasis android guna membantu guru mentransfer materi pada peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran sistem daring. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Mengetahui proses pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis android pada mata pelajaran biologi, 2) Mengetahui desain bahan ajar berbasis android, (3Mengetahui tingkat valid, praktis dan efektif bahan ajar berbasis android. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri 5 tahap, yaitu: analysis (analisis), design (perancangan), develop (pengembangan), implementation (implementasi), evaluation (evaluasi). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi kemudian dianalisis dengan deskriftif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar berbasis android yang dikembangkan setelah melakukan validasi dinyatakan valid, dimana validasi materi memperoleh nilai dengan kategori sangat baik dan valid, validasi media memperoleh nilai dengan kategori sangat baik dan valid, kepraktisan ditinjau dengan angket hasil respon siswa memperoleh nilai persentase dengan kategori sangat baik dan praktis dan angket hasil dari respon guru memperoleh memproleh nilai dengan kategori sangat baik dan praktis. Keefektifan ditinjau dari ketuntasan hasil belajar diperoleh skor rerata yang terakumulasi dalam kategori sangat baik dan efektif. Dengan pengembangan bahan ajra berbasis android ini guru diharapakan dapat mengembangkan bahan ajar agar memudahkan peserta didik dalam menyampaikan materi baik pada masa pademik (pembelajaran daring) maupun tatap muka (pembelajaran luring) Kata Kunci : Pengembangan, Modul TIK dan Android
Abstract
This study is a product development research of android-based teaching materials to assist teachers transfer the material to students in online system learning process. The purposes of this study are to discover 1) the process of developing android-based teaching materials in Biology subject, 2) the design of android-based teaching materials, and 3) the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of android-based teaching materials. The research method employed Research and Development (R&D) by using the ADDIE development model which consists of 5 stages, namely: analysis, design, develop (development), implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques employed observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation; then, it was analyzed in quantitative descriptive. The results show that the android-based teaching materials developed after conducting validation are declared as valid, where the validation of the material obtained the scores in very good and valid categories, media validation obtained scores in very good and valid categories, practicality was based on the questionnaire of students' response obtained the percentage score in very good and practical categories. The effectiveness based on the completeness of learning outcomes obtained an average score that accumulated in very good and effective categories. The development of android-based teaching materials, the teachers are expected to be able to develop teaching materials to make it easier for students to convey material both during the pandemic (online learning) and face-to-face (offline learning).
Keywords: development, teaching materials, android
INTRODUCTION
Nations and countries can develop because of the important role of education in them. This applies both in developed and developing countries as well as our beloved country Indonesia. For example, the result of current technological developments in the Android smartphone. Technology has become one of the learning resources used in the current era (Nurhikmah et al, 2018; 2019; 2021; 2022;
Sujarwo et al, 2020; Sukmawati et al, 2019).
Everyone has owned an Android smartphone and in all circles, starting from children to even the elderly, already have this phone. However, the use of Android cannot be separated from negative and positive impacts for its users, especially among students. Therefore, the thing that can be done so as not to be wrong in using Android is the supervision of the teacher when learning takes place. Android smartphones are still very underutilized in learning facilities. This is indicated by the lack of learning materials based on Android smartphones that can be widely accessed (Notoatmodjo, 2014).-based teaching materials smartphones more, more diverse and easily accessible.
Content standards and regulations of the national minister of education No. 41 of 2007 concerning the standard process of primary and secondary education units, "The content of the curriculum is required to be able to encourage students to be able to use ICT appropriately to seek broad and in-depth information about the topics studied". One component of teaching materials that can provide interest and motivation to learn in students is Android-based teaching materials.
Based on the results of observations made by researchers at SMA Muhammadiyah Rappang, class XI with a total of 15 students, all of whom already have their own cell phones. The majority of students use Android smartphones, but at SMA Muhammadiyah Rappang, there are no teaching materials that use Android smartphones as learning media.
Therefore, the development of android applications as learning media can provide a different experience in the learning process for students.-based teaching material android is applied in all subjects, including Biology.-based Biology teaching materials are Android very effective if applied in schools, in addition to their unique designs, they are also able to attract students' attention so that they are more focused and enjoy the learning process that takes place.
Education in our country has changed completely. All learning systems have been switched to online (Takdir, 2022; Sujarwo et al, 2020; Sukmawati et al, 2022). By utilizing existing technology.- based teaching materials, android students will more easily access subject matter according to the syllabus and lesson plans used by teachers at school, and they can access learning videos related to their subjects automatically.
Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting a study entitled "Development of Android in Biology subject for class XI SMA Muhammadiyah Rappang.
METHOD
The research method used includes the type of research and development or commonly known as Research and Development (R&D).
The model used in this research process is the ADDIE which has five steps, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of two validators: media validators and material validators, students and teachers of biology class XI SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang. The data collection techniques used in the development of android-based teaching materials are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests.
The validation stage is carried out in order to obtain the validity value of the two validators, namely the material and media validators. After the validation stage is carried out, then the individual and group trials are carried out, and the subject teacher response test. This is done in order to determine the practicality of the developed media
. of validators and respondents were analyzed using a descriptive percentage technique using the following formula:
Source: Nurhikmah (2015)
In order to know and determine the level of validity of the product being developed, an assessment qualification was used as follows:
Level of attainment No. Qualifications Description
1 81- 100% Very good Very decent/very valid
2 61- 80% Good Eligible/valid
3 41-60% Fairly good Fairly decent/fairly valid needs revision
4 21-40% Poor Not feasible/ invalid
5 <20% Very poor Very inappropriate/very invalid, necessary Revised
Source: Arikunto, 2010
Practical criteria or percentage range for further analysis of response assessment to android-based learning media are as follows:
No Percentage range (%) Category
1 81.00% - 100, 00% Very practical
2 61.00% - 80.00% Practical
3 41.00% - 60.00% Fairly practical
4 21.00 – 40.00% Less practical
5 00.00% - 20.00% Not practical
Source: Akbar (2017)
The level of effectiveness can be seen from the success of developing android to present material according to the curriculum and can improve student learning outcomes seen from the pre-test and post-test learning outcomes. The post-test results must increase from the pre-test results and the KKM value, whereas for biology subjects, the KKM score is 75.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the development of this study are in the form of android-based teaching materials using notepadd++ and android studio applications. This research and development procedure uses the ADDIE research and development model. This ADDIE model uses five stages starting from the analysis stage, the design stage, the development stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage.
Description of Level of Needs
Based Teaching Material Development Android Class XI Students at SMA Muhammadiyah Rappang. The initial step is taken according to the ADDIE stage analysis. In this stage, the researcher analyzes three things: needs analysis, material analysis, and student characteristics
analysis. A needs analysis was carried out during initial observations at school by identifying teaching materials in the form of subject matter and conducting interviews with school principals, teachers, and several students. In the learning process, the teacher still tends to be dominated so that the time available for learning is used more by the teacher to explain with lectures, resulting in students being more passive and feeling bored. Especially since the Covid-19 pandemic, the original offline learning system turned into online, making the learning process switch to online learning. From here, the teacher became confused in choosing the learning method, and eventually became the main problem, so that biology learning was difficult to achieve, so researchers assumed the need for media to support the learning process in this covid 19 season.
From the results of this observation, this is then used as a reference so that the authors develop learning media in the form of android as learning media that contains material such as text, images, videos. The resulting application can be used easily by teachers and students.
After identifying user needs, the next stage of material analysis is carried out. Material analysis is related to the content of this learning teaching material, namely material that is relevant to the specified basic competencies. To develop Biology learning media, basic competencies and objectives/indicators are needed in accordance with the syllabus.
-based teaching material Android must be determined in advance, namely in the form of videos and practice questions. The video contains materials according to the established basic competencies.
Student analysis was conducted to determine the characteristics of students in accordance with the design and development in learning. According to the results of the researcher's interview with the Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang High School, the teacher who brought the subject of biology gave an explanation of the student’s character, as follows
1. This person has the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and conclude from all available information.
2. Class XI students of SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang cannot focus or are not interested in taking biology subjects, especially in the current pandemic atmosphere, which uses online learning processes.
3. Some of the students' abilities in mathematics have not reached the value of 78, according to the KKM. This is because students do not understand and ignore the material, so these students have difficulty in achieving the expected learning objectives. The
4. media used still does not affect students, so sometimes students feel bored, and students' interest and motivation to learn is lacking.
5. Students are less motivated to follow learning because the media used by the teacher is less innovative.
According to the results of the analysis of the needs, material/content, and character of the students, it was concluded that students need teaching materials that can stimulate and arouse enthusiasm for learning and as an alternative source of learning that can be used both at school and at home.
- based teaching materials development design android at SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang.
At the design stage, the thing to do is to design prototypes/stages of android-based teaching materials so that the stages in the design are obtained, namely; the media selection stage, carried out in
order to identify media that match the characteristics of the material and adjust to concept analysis and task analysis, as well as the characteristics of the use of media in helping to achieve learning objectives.
The next stage is the stage of preparing materials and questions, which are in accordance with the syllabus and lesson plans. The subject matter developed into Android materials is biology material for class XI in the odd semester.
This initial design will produce a product in the form of an initial prototype of teaching materials developed at the development stage. The results of the media design at this stage are android-based teaching materials based on the condition of students who prefer material with a different appearance but contains all learning outcomes.
In addition to the prototype, researchers also designed designs in the form of flowcharts and storyboards—Flochart -based teaching materials android. Flowcharts need to be made because they are instructions for the production workflow to be made where each part has a certain relationship, making it easier for researchers to develop android in biology learning, especially in odd semester materials. Meanwhile, storyboarding is done after the flowchart because of the flowchart reference the storyboard. Storyboard created to prepare a product design plan.
- based teaching material products android in Biology learning
The third stage of the ADDIE development model is developed. This stage aims to see how far the feasibility of Android-based teaching materials has been designed. After a feasibility assessment, the android-based teaching materials were revised according to the validator's criticisms and suggestions.
validator consists of 2 lecturers, namely media and material expert lecturers - based teaching materials android in biology learning
1. Product validity test by material experts.
The development products submitted to the learning material experts are in the form of syllabus, lesson plans, and manuals for the contents of the material contained in the products that have been developed.
According to the results of the assessment of the learning material experts, obtaining a score of 63 so that the percentage level of achievement can be calculated as follows:
Because the weight of each choice is 1, the percentage =
Based on the material expert assessment results that the material made in the form of android, the material expert validates the learning that has been developed by giving a score for each aspect that is assessed with a score range of 1-5. The material expert assessment instrument includes aspects of the content and material. The assessment of the validator obtained a score of 63 with a percentage of 90%, which indicates if the learning material contained in the media is of excellent qualification so that the product can be used without revision and proceed to the next stage.
2. Product validity test by media expert.
Product development submitted to media experts in the form of syllabus, lesson plans, and products. The results of the media expert validator's assessment of the developed media obtained a score of 74, can be calculated the percentage level of achievement of learning media as follows:
Because the weight of each choice is 1, then the percentage =
After being converted to the conversion table, the percentage of achievement level is 74%, is in good qualification and feasible/valid, by making revisions in accordance with the suggestions from the validator before proceeding to the next stage.
Based on the results of the revision given by the validator obtaining a score of 91, the following results are obtained:
Because the weight of each choice is 1, then the percentage =
The score result from the assessment of the media expert validator gets a total result of 91, then the value is converted into a percentage and gets a result of 91%. From that value, it is known that the level of achievement of learning media validation results is 91%. This shows that the learning media in the form of android -based teaching material product android is very feasible/very valid, does not need to be revised, and deserves to be continued at the next stage.
- based teaching material products android in biology learning in class XI
After the validation stage is carried out, the next stage is a user trial which consists of 3 testing processes, namely individual trials, small group trials, and subject teacher responses. Students and teachers become respondents involved in testing learning media, namely Android in Biology subjects in class XI.
1. Individual trials The
The practicality of learning media by conducting individual trials by giving a questionnaire whose contents have been completed with several indicators on each aspect determined. This trial took as many as five respondents as class XI students of SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang to evaluate android-based teaching materials. All data obtained from the respondents were then analyzed using a descriptive percentage technique using the following formula:
Description:
x = Total
SMI = Ideal Maximum Score
The results of the analysis of participant responses at the individual test stage as a whole are the average percentage of android biology learning. The average percentage is as follows:
The average percentage through individual trials is 91.4% is in the efficient category, so Android is feasible and without revision so that they can be continued to the next stage.
2. Small group trial The
The next step is the small group trial stage. The feasibility and practicality of Android can be seen from small group trials which involve more respondents. The instrument used is the same as during the individual trial. The difference is that t15 respondents (respondents) are divided into three small groups, each group consisting of 5 students.
The results of the response analysis of participants at the small group test stage at SMA Muhammadiyah Rappang obtained the average percentage value of android in biology subjects, namely.
The average percentage through small group trials obtained 92% in the efficient category, so that teaching materials based on Android is feasible and without revision so that it can be continued to the next stage.
3. Test the response of subject teachers
After passing the small group trial stage, the android received responses from the biology subject teachers. The aspects assessed are the ease of conveying the learning objectives, the activeness of students in the learning process, the suitability and clarity of the material, the quality of the display. The following results are presented from the responses of biology subject teachers.
After being converted to a conversion table, the percentage level of android achievement reaches 92%. This shows that this media is very practical and feasible to be developed.
According to the results of the responses from students and teachers to the learning media in the form of android, it can be concluded that Android meets the practical criteria for use in the classroom learning process.
- based teaching material products android in biology learning
. The effectiveness of android can be seen from the evaluation of pre-test learning outcomes conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang for as many as 15 students. Students carried out the pre-test as respondents before learning biology material using android. This was done to measure the level of students' initial understanding of the material contained in android before students carried out the learning process. After students have studied the entire material in android, then students work on post-test questions to measure the level of student knowledge after studying the material as a whole.
The following presents the results of each of the 15 students' pre-test and post-test results at SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang.
Table 3. Results of Pre Test & Post Test
No. Respondents Pre-test scores Post-
1 80 90
2 70 85
3 60 90
4 65 85
5 75 80
6 80 90
7 85 85
8 75 85
9 65 90
10 70 85
11 70 85
12 75 90
13 80 90
14 70 90
15 85 85
Average 74 87
The results from the table above obtain the results of the analysis of learning outcomes in the pre- test 74, and the average score or score on the post-test is 87. This means that the android was developed to meet the criteria for effectiveness and are feasible. To be used in the learning process in the classroom because it is able to improve the learning outcomes of class XI students at SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang.
Android-based teaching materials in biology subjects were developed through research and development (R&D). The development model used is ADDIE, which includes five stages: analysis, design, deployment, implementation, and evaluation, which aims to produce android-based teaching materials and then evaluated to get valid, practical, and effective teaching materials so that they are suitable for use, especially in Biology in class XI at SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang.
The first stage in this development research is the analysis stage, in which the analysis stage is carried out using needs analysis, content analysis, and analysis of student characteristics.
Next, the planning stage for developing Android formulated based on the data obtained from the analysis stage, determining essential competencies in odd semester biology materials, determining the purpose of making learning media to fit the curriculum and syllabus in biology subjects, making flowcharts, namely the development flow that provides a final description of a view that is poured into a media script, then create a storyboard that refers to flowchart a previously designed
The researcher's development stage is carried out by paying attention to the plans that have been made previously.-based teaching materials is Android carried out according to flowchart and storyboard designed next, collect supporting materials such as syllabus, lesson plans, textbooks, supporting materials, pictures that will be used in presenting the material and learning videos, all of which will be poured into Android.
Furthermore, the learning products developed were tested for validity, practicality, and effectiveness.
1. based teaching materials android
validity test was carried out by material experts and media experts who had mastered their fields.
The data analysis of the validation results is based on the average results of the validation results of 2 expert lecturers. And get the conclusion that androids are valid and do not require a significant overhaul, and are suitable for use as an android in class XI Biology subjects at SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang
2. Practical analysis of Android
tests can be carried out after fulfilling the conditions in the test. Expert and declared eligible without making revisions. Students and teachers are also directly involved as respondents who are directly involved in testing android. Participation is needed to determine the level of practicality through (three) stages, namely individual testing, small group testing, and subject teacher responses.
The results obtained from individual practicality trials, small groups, and subject teacher response tests are in the practical stage, so it can be concluded that android is very practical and can be used in the learning process.
3. Teaching Materials Android
The results of the effectiveness trials conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang showed significant results with increasing learning outcomes. This is reinforced by the average score of the recapitulation of assessments at SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang pre-test is 74, and the average recapitulation of post-test assessments is 87. This proves that there is an increase in learning outcomes. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the use of android can improve student learning outcomes.
Research and development of android class XI SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang produces maximum results on the quality of learning media, including valid, practical, and effective.
This shows that learning using Android can be a solution in a better and quality learning process in the classroom learning process, especially when the learning process that is usually done at school is now being transferred to the home due to the Covid 19 outbreak.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research that has been described, it can be concluded that the process of developing teaching materials -based android starting from the needs analysis stage, the results from the needs analysis stage obtained by researchers in the field, indicate that it is very important for learning media to be developed to overcome problems that occur in the learning process, especially problems faced during the current pandemic, where the learning process in schools is shifted to learning online. The next stage is the material analysis stage, in this case with the selection of subjects that will
be developed in android, where the researchers choose biology subjects, especially the material contained in odd semesters. Next, identify the characteristics of students as users prepare material scripts or questions that will be included in Android that support the development of Android. An overview of the design of the development of Android-based teaching materials before they are created and developed, first determine the appropriate color for the background, then design the initial display, font size, video, and instruments with the needs and characteristics of students so that they are interesting to use for learning In addition, developers and eye teachers Biology lessons develop teaching materials with the name Biology Module. After determining the scope of material based on Core Competencies and Basic Competencies, they are then designing Flowcharts and Storyboards. Flowchart aims to determine the flow/workflow of teaching material products based on Android to provide convenience in designing the product, while Storyboards or commonly called sketches, are arranged sequentially to help arrange them in a directed manner. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness and validation of android in the developed biology learning are in the very valid category. This is obtained from the validation assessment of material experts and media experts. The results of the test responses and teacher responses to android in class XI Biology learning that was developed effectively seen from the average recapitulation of the assessment of learning outcomes showed an increase in all students' learning test scores that were already above the KKM score.
Based on the results of research, discussion and conclusions, the authors suggest that Students are expected to increase their interest in learning by using flexible media and can provide opportunities to be active in learning. Biology subject teachers are expected to be able to apply android in the material in odd semesters and in the material in even semesters that are appropriate in learning. For schools to better prepare facilities and infrastructure, the learning process is more effective by using Android. For further research, it is expected to be able to develop Android materials with a wider scope of material or subjects.
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