What is Ecotourism ?

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Designed by Roni Khoiron

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“Ecotourism is defined as “responsible travel to natural areas

that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education”

“Ecotourism is ecologically sustainable tourism with a

primary focus on experiencing natural areas that fosters environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation and conservation”

The International Ecotourism Society, 2015

Ecotourism Association of Australia, 2011

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Ecotourism refers to forms of tourism which have the following characteristics:

o All nature-based forms of tourism in which the main motivation of the tourists is the observation and appreciation of nature and traditional cultures in natural areas.

o It contains educational and interpretation features.

o It is generally, but not exclusively organised by specialised tour operators for small groups.

o It minimises negative impacts upon the natural and socio-cultural environment.

o It supports the maintenance of natural areas which are used as ecotourism attractions.

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o Ecotourism was first conceptualized in the early 1980s as a type of travel for people who wanted to learn about different and exotic environments without causing the environmental harm or damage associated with other forms of tourism.

o Ecotourism became an official term in 1982 when it was recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary.

o Ecotourism was born as one of alternative tourism to protest against the existence of mass tourism.

Early Ecotourism

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Sustainable Tourism Responsible Tourism Nature Tourism

Agrotourism Rural Tourism Cultural Tourism

Community-Based Tourism Pro-Poor Tourism

Ecotourism

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o Easy Accessibility

o Challenging and Educative Activities o High Awareness to protect the

environment

o Wishing to be perceived as different as eco-friendly

o Generating incomes opportunities for the locals

o Helping to protect sensitive environment

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WHY

DOES ECOTOURISM

MATTER?

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• Focuse on unadulterated, pristine and natural environments

• Build cultural and environmental awareness

• Encourage positive experience both visitors and locals

• Minimize the negative effects of tourism activities

• Boost employment and financial opportunities for local

• Provide financial benefits for conservation

• Support human rights, economic empowerment, and democratic movements in a destination

• Develop positive partnership for all stakeholders

WHY ECOTOURISM MATTER?

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CONSERVATION EDUCATION

ECONOMY

PARTICIPATION ENTERTAIN

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Design and operate low-impact ecotour activities and facilities

Strengthened local institutions to manage and govern protected area sustainably

Utilize biodiversity and cultural resources in sustainable ways

Provide financial benefits for conservation

Using eco-friendly technology such as biogas, solar electricity, recycled material and other energy saving resources

Pay attention to environment’s carrying capacity in destinations

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Generate inspiration and lead to new attitude, knowledge And behaviour

Transfer knowledge and skills through interpretation

Build sensitivy, respect and appreciation both cultural and natural environment

Build environment ethics among host destination communities

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Create job opportunities and diversify livelihoods of people in and near protected areas

Generate local incomes through enterpreneurhip

Provide financial benefit for the investors

Drive regional development at the local and national level

Provide direct economic insentives for conservation through donations, retributions, contributions and extra spendings

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Acknowledge the rights and spiritual beliefs of the Indigenous People inhabiting the land

Involve local people to plan, manage and develop tourism activities

Encouraging local people to play an active role in tourism activities

Work in partnership with the community to build empowerment

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Provide safety, convinience and satisfaction for travellers

Provide accurate and up to date information

Provide positive experiences for tourists through contact with local culture

Provide a memorable interpretive experience

to increase awareness and sensitivity to the natural and cultural environment in destination

Ensure tourism activities are sustainable

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Environment

Educative Nature & Culture Based

Ecological

Sustainable Locally

Beneficial Generate Satisfaction

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PACKED LIGHT SAVE WATER SAVE ENERGY

REDUCE-REUSE-RECYCLE BUY LOCAL

USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

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PLUS MINUS ECOTOURISM

PLUS MINUS

Incentives for conservation of natural areas Indirect damage of vegetation Education about environment ethics Decay of habitats

Advocacy for conservation with development Disturbance of wildlife

Generates income for local people Pollutions; air, water, soil, noise pollution

Job opportunities for local people Massive commercialization of natural resources

Promotion of local economy Leakage of income

Sustainable infrastructures building Increase unhealthy economic

Balance economic development Competition and economic gap among locals Promotion and conservation of various local cultures Various social problems

Education for the importance cultures Undesirable commercialization of cultural and religious assets

Diversification of cultural activities Crowd an desirable behavior of visitors Cultural exchange

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PROS AND CONS OF ECOTOURISM For Environment

Potential Positives of Ecotourism Potential Negatives of Ecotourism

Connects tourists to nature (they are more likely to adopt sustainable habits)

Increase in pollution, carbon emissions, and contamination

Incentivizes governments to support conservation Changes in soil

Supports the research of environment and ecotourism Ecosystem fragmentation

Supports biodiversity and species awareness Introduction of invasive species

Reduces poaching and illegal animal trade Overfishing and harvesting to supply food for tourists Reduces land exploitation from deforestation and fossil

fuels

Change in species behavior

Locals more tolerant of disturbances from wildlife Increased tourist/wildlife conflict

Increased mortality of species from roadkill, etc.

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PROS AND CONS OF ECOTOURISM For Economy

Potential Positives of Ecotourism Potential Negatives of Ecotourism

Economic incentive to conserve and protect nature Seasonal job loss during low season

Jobs and income for residents Tourism leakage to international companies

Diversifies economy Locals in low wage jobs; no room for growth

Financial support of conservation through tourism fees Over dependency on tourism

Encourages local manufactures and crafts Inflation and exclusion of local land owners Enable locals to learn new skills and trade Unequal distribution of benefits

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PROS AND CONS OF ECOTOURISM For Social

Potential Positives of Ecotourism Potential Negatives of Ecotourism

Improved standard of living for locals Commodification of local culture and traditions Intercultural understanding Decline in traditional crafts and trade

Inclusion of Indigenous voices Destabilization of communities

Appreciation for cultural heritage and traditions Exploitation of women and children Encourage conservation of culture, crafts, and arts Displacement of local communities Puts conservation in the hands of local people and

governments

Loss of subsistence access

Locals and Indigenous Peoples losing land-right access Stress from over-tourism

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Identify some redflags of

ecotourism activities relate to

natural environment, culture,

economy and education!

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