Johann Wilhelm Michaelsen and now in the collection of the Zoological Museum, Humboldt University, East Berlin. Submarginal sagittate markings on this surface of hindwing and in apex of forewing dark brown or black and rather indistinct. This species was described from one male and one female in the Boisduval collection, now in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History).
ETYMOLOGY.—The name microdice is a feminine noun in the nominative singular in agreement with the generic name. These specimens are in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Santiago, Chile. Holotype, allotype, 8 male and 10 female paratypes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Santiago, Chile.
Two female paratypes in the Alberto Breyer Collection of the National Museum of Natural Sciences, La Plata, Argentina. Holotype, allotype and 14 male and 6 female paratypes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Santiago, Chile.
Hypsochila penai Ureta
ETYMOLOGY.-The name sulphurodice is a feminine noun in the nominative singular in opposition to a generic name. The holotype is in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Santiago, Chile, and the paratype is in the collection of Luis E. It differs from the latter genera in the uncus and valva of the male genitalia and the signum , accessory bursa, and internal genital plates of the female genitalia.
From Piercolias it differs in the shape of the uncus of the male genital organ and in the shape of the internal genital plates of the female genital organ. Upper surface of forewing in male with a strong discal spot present at the end of the cell and with dark apical and subapical pattern not reduced in size (Figures 53-55);. Species of this genus (see map 2) live on mountain plateaus at altitudes from 2600 to 5000 meters and occupy vast regions of the Andes of Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.
Phulia nymphula (Blanchard)
An examination of the male and female genitalia, legs and vent, as well as other structures, failed to reveal any morphological characters that share P. nymphula nymphula and we have concluded that we cannot keep these two entities as species as has always been done by all workers up to this time. 49, 69, photographs of the lectotype of the synonym P. . altivolance; 50, 70, photographs of lectotype of synonym P. nymphaea).—Wings as illustrated showing considerable variation in fuscous markings on both surfaces. FEMALE (Figures 36, 48, photographs of a topo-type; 51, 71, photographs of the allolectotype of the synonym P. altivolans; 52, 72, photographs of specimens from Achocalla, La Paz, Bolivia). — Wings as shown in these figures with considerable variation in maculation as is true of the male sex.
It differs from the male in having darker markings on the upper surface of the wings. What we have written above about the male sex in the two so-called subspecies also applies to the female sex. The original figure is of the male sex, and especially the lower surface is quite drawn and colored.
As this is the only species of the genus Phulia occurring so far south in Chile, we have no uncertainty in our identification and this agrees with the opinion of all modern workers writing on the Chilean fauna. This was described on the basis of a series of four males and seven females from the Stiibel collection of the Zoological Museum, Humboldt University of Berlin and of one male collected by Mr -46) incorrect determination of Blanchard's species P. nymphula, placed his manuscript name Phulia paranympha in the synonyms of P. nymphula and redescribed the true P.
The lectotype and the remainder of the type series clearly represent the subspecies Phulia nymphula nymphula. The topotypes are present in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D. C.) and indeed these specimens may represent syntypes (although they are not so labeled). A study of the original description and topotypes shows that this name is a junior synonym of Phulia nymphula nymphula.
Hering (in letter) there is one male from Huaillatani and nine syntypes of males and seven females from Cocapata in the Staudinger Collection of the Zoological Museum of the Humboldt University in Berlin.
Phulia paranympha Staudinger
FEMALE (Figures 34, 46, photographs of topotype and probable syntype).—Wings with habitus as illustrated and as in the male larger and darker than in the named subspecies. ETYMOLOGY.—The name nympha is a feminine noun in the nominative singular corresponding to the genus name and is the Latin word for "nymph.". ETYMOLOGY.—The name paronympha is a feminine noun in the nominative singular corresponding to the genus name and is derived from the Greek prefix para meaning "near or parallel."
The herrings, 10 males and 7 females, remain in the Staudinger collection of the Zoological Museum of the Humboldt University in Berlin. The allotype and paratype female are in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois. ETYMOLOGY.-The name ernesta is a feminine noun in the nominative singular in opposition to a generic name and is based on the name of the younger author's wife.
The black bar found in the center of the cell on this surface in the hind wing is also very distinct and contrasting with ground color. Both were assigned the type number 15601 by Dyar and are in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. Robert (in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C); one male from Capillacocha (between Carhuamayo and Paucartambo), 4400 meters, 25 November 1951, Sr.
Infraphulia differs from the other genera discussed here except Phulia in the habitus of the wings and from all other genera in the claws. Species of this genus (see map 3) live in the highlands of the Andes, always above 3000 meters and up to 5000 meters above sea level. TYPE DATA.—The type locality is "Illimani (Bolivien) 4600 m." This species was described from a single female, the holotype, which is in the Stiibel collection of the Zoological Museum of the Humboldt University in East Berlin.
MALE GENITALIA (Figure 137, taken from holotype preparation). As illustrated with valva being slightly more concave on the dorsal margin in front of the apex than in the other species.
I. ilyodes
ETYMOLOGY. The name madeleinea is a feminine noun in the nominative singular, assigning to the generic name, and is based on the first name of the main author's wife. Holotype, allotype and eight male and eight female paratypes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Santiago, Chile. DISTRIBUTION (see map 3). Found only in the Cordillera of Antofagasta and Tarapaca provinces, Chile.
From Piercolias and Hypsochila it differs in having three instead of four radial veins in the forewing and in the structures of the male and female genitalia. ETYMOLOGY. The name nysias is a feminine noun in the nominative singular in apposition to the generic name. Underside of hindwing and top of forewing very dark gray, just like the male.
NATURAL HISTORY.—The natural habitat of this subspecies is arid areas in the highlands. Holotype, allotype, three males and three female paratypes in the National Museum of Natural History, Santiago, Chile. Holotype, allotype, and four male and one female paratypes in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
One male and one female paratype in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. ETYMOLOGY. – The name isabela is a feminine noun in the nominative singular in apposition with a generic name and is the personal name of the younger author's mother. Female on lower surface (Figs. 41, 44) with black or dark markings more prominent than in male.
Wings on undersurfaces with dark markings that are larger than in the male and different from the female of P.
PIERCOLIAS P. huanaco
VENATION (Fig. 180).—With characters as given in the description of the genus and not different from P. ETYMOLOGY.—The name coropunae is a noun in the genitive form, formed from the name of the type locality, Coropuna, Peru. This specimen is in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
On the phylogeny of the Pierinae, as illustrated by their wing markings and geographical distribution. A redefinition of the butterfly genera Tatochila, Phulia, Piercolias and Baltia, with descriptions of related genera and subgenera. Genus Tatochila.] Pages 53, 55-56 in volume 5, American Rhopalocera, of Adalbert Seitz, editor, The Marcolepidoptera of the World.
The genera Andina, Phulia.] Pages 97-98 in volume 5, The American Rhopalocera, by Adalbert Seitz, editor, The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Manuscripts intended for serial publication are subject to content review at the original Smithsonian museums or offices and are submitted to the Smithsonian Institution Press on Form SI-36 with approval of the appropriate museum authority. The front matter (preceding the text) must contain the following: title page with only title and author and no other information, summary page with author/title/series/etc., according to the established format, table of contents with indents that reflect the main and structure of the paper.
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