INTRODUCTION
Ducks are considered as the second most preferred poultry species in Bangladesh after chicken used for egg and meat purpose. Duck population in Bangladesh has been reported to be 45.12 million (Ministry of Finance, 2012)mostly indigenous type. The contribution of duck meat and eggs are about 30% of the total poultry meat and eggs produced in the country (Islam et al., 2003)
The distribution pattern and demographic dynamics of duck population in Bangladesh revealed that land ecology has a strong influence on duck production systems (Khanum et al., 2005). Indigenous ducks like Pati, Nageswari, Sylhet mete, Cinahanh constitute about 97- 98% of the total duck population, whereas the rest constitute exotic breed like Indian Runner, Khaki Campbell, Jending and Pekin (Singh, 1978). Indigenous ducks play a vital role for income generation, nutritional fulfilment and employment generation in the low-lying areas of Bangladesh (Islam et al., 2003). Ducks of the country have been under-utilized and less emphasis was given to improve native ducks through pedigree selection and breeding (Ukil and Islam, 1991); (Salam and Uddin, 1987)
Deshi black and Deshi white duck are egg type breed in Central Duck Breeding Farm, Narayanganj. CDBF initiated native duck breeding program since 1991.From Mymensingh district some indigenous ducks were collected. Since, then several experiment have been conducted to improve the production performances of native duck under intensive management on the basis of their fertility, hatchability, adaptability, survivability, susceptibility, mortality etc. In first case, keeping same father (Black) from F1 to F6
generation using different mothers found a new breed (progeny) called ‘Deshi Black’ which is pure black in color. Another breed “Deshi white’ found keeping same father (which was white in color) from F1 to F6 generation.
The average annual egg production of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks ranged between 200-230 numbers (CDBF, 2016).The average annual egg production of Nageswari ducks ranged between 120-150 numbers (Islam et al., 2002); (Sharma et al., 2003). So, the average annual egg production of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks are higher than the Nageswari duck (Indigenous duck).On the contrary, indigenous ducks of Bangladesh produce only 60-80
eggs per year which signifies the genetic potentials of Deshi black and Deshi white duck(Rahman et al., 2009). Globally the ducks contribute 11 percent and geese 9 percent of the commercial poultry sector (Besbes, 2009). Though the contribution of the indigenous duck and geese is significant in the socio-economic development of the people especially of the coastal region of Bangladesh, research and pragmatic efforts for the preservation and amelioration of this species is at the elementary stage.
Characterization of a breed/species is the first and foremost priority to know the population structure, effective conservation plan and utilization of genetic resources. Characterization and inventory of poultry genetic resources are need in countries where clearly defined poultry breeds are yet to be identified; hence properly designed scientific studies in indigenous duck and geese breeds need to be prioritized (Tixier-Biochard, 2008). Bangladesh are becoming seriously vulnerable due to increasing rate of genetic loss resulting from numerous diseases such as aspergillosis, chlamydiosisand coccidiosis. Besides, a lot of indigenous breeds are, however, on the margin of extinction because of their gradual dilution, as driven by market demands and incompatible apply of new breeding technology (Köhler-Rollefson et al., 2009).
Inadequate awareness of the adaptive characteristics of indigenous livestock breeds due to insufficient scientific documentation is one of the key reasons for such dilution (Hassen et al., 2007); There are many indigenous livestock breeds that still need to be scientific documented and characterized to make possible their conservation (Bhatia and Arora, 2005). To conserve these local breeds and ensure sustainable use of their genetic diversity, it is important to evaluate their phenotypic characteristics and performance in their home tracts and under traditional management conditions (Zarate, 1996)The genetic potentials and demographic distribution of Deshi black and Deshi white duck breed is even unknown to livestock personnel. Limited work has been done about this two types of breed. Furthermore, there is lack of scientific documentation on their phenotypic features, productive, reproductive performances and disease aspects of this genetic resource in Bangladesh.
Therefore, the present study was conducted for pursuing the following objectives
To know the morphological features, productive and reproductive performances of Deshi black and Deshi white duck.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Study area
The report was based on survey work and there was no laboratory analysis in this study. The study was conducted at the CDBF located in Narayanganj district in Bangladesh.
2.2 Study population
A total of 50 Deshi black and Deshi white ducks were selected randomly in this study.
2.3 Period of study
The necessary data were collected from the CDBF, Narayanganj during the period of July 2017 to October 2017
2.4 Data collection
A structured questionnaire was prepared, pre-tested and used for data collection. In order to collect the relevant information, face to face interviewing and on spot recording were performed on duck population and genetic status, feeding regime, production potential, reproductive performance, phenotypic characteristics such as shank color, skin color, bill color, web color, egg color, disease control and management practices. Quantitative data like egg weight, live weight at different ages and different morphometric measurements like shank length, bill length, neck length, head length, feather length and body length were measured on spot by using digital balance and measuring tape. The phenotypic characteristics were observed, identified and documented properly. Growth performance data of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks up to 12 weeks of age under intensive management system were collected from the record book maintained by the CDBF.
2.5 Management procedure
Sex ratio of (7:1) was maintained to obtain hatching eggs. During the period of duckling, growing and laying of Deshi black and Deshi white provided 0.5 sqft, 1.5 sqft and 2 sqft floor space per bird. Each shed contained adequate amount of feeder and drinker for proper feeding and drinking. Feeds were provided in pelleted form. Sixteen hours photoperiod was maintained during laying period. The nutrient composition of the feeds during starter, grower and breeder period were shown in the Table 2.1.1.
Table 2.1.1 Nutrient composition of feeds Nutrient Duck starter (1
weeks to 12 weeks)
Duck grower ( 13 weeks to 21 weeks)
Duck breeder (22 weeks to 72 weeks)
ME ( kcal/kg) 2906 2840 2800
CP% 19.08 17.98 18.5
Ca% 1.00 1.2 3.9
P% 0.58 0.58 0.56
CF% 4.60 4.56 4.50
Methionine% 0.44 0.40 0.46
Lysine% 1.3 0.86 0.98
Vitamin and mineral
%
Adlibitum Adlibitum Adlibitum
Ash% 4.5 4.42 4.00
Feeds were provided twice daily in the morning and afternoon during starter, grower and breeder period. On an average, 155 gm feed was provided to each duck during laying period.
Ducks were properly vaccinated against duck plague, duck cholera, salmonellosis and EDS.
Strict bio-security measures and hygienic control were taken for obtaining better healthy ducks. Vaccination schedule of duck was shown in Table 2.1.2.
Table 2.1.2 Vaccination schedule of duck
Age Disease Vaccine Route dose
21 days Duck plague Duck plague vaccine S/C.1st dose at 8 weeks of age;
First booster after 15 days. Then, 6 months interval.
60 days or more
Duck cholera Duck cholera vaccine 1ml in muscle. 1st dose at 21- 25days of age. 1st booster after 15 days. Then, 5 months interval.
2.6 Statistical analysis
All collected information was tabulated in master table. Before analyses, tabulated data were carefully checked and reviewed to detect any unusual or extreme values recorded and summarized in the sheet. Statistical analyses were performed by using Minitab software (Minitab version 17). All recorded data were subjected to analysis using GLM procedure when two factors were type and sex. The confidence level was 95.0%.
RESULTS
3.1 Phenotypic characteristics
The features of different phenotypic traits are presented in Table 3.1.And figure 3.1.A-3.1.C.
In case of Deshi black duck the shank color, neck feather color, wing feather color and tail
feather color in both male and female were completely black. Head feather color in female duck was black but greenish black color in male. Beak color of Deshi black duck in both male and female were greenish black and black, respectively. On the other hand, the skin color, head feather color, neck feather color, wing feather color, tail feather color of Deshi white duck in both male and female were completely white. Beak color and shank color in male and female duck were deep yellow and bright yellow, respectively. The egg color of Deshi black and Deshi white duck were greenish white and white in color, respectively.
Table 3.1. Color and shape of different body parts of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks
Parameters Deshi black Deshi white
Male Female Male Female
Beak color Greenish black Black Deep yellow Bright yellow
Shank color Black Black Deep yellow Bright yellow
Skin color Blackish white Blackish white White White Head feather
color Greenish Black Black White White
Neck feather
color Black Black White White
Wing feather
color Black Black White White
Tail feather color Black Black White White
Beak shape Long, broad and flattened Long, broad and flattened
Egg color Greenish white White
Egg shape Oval Oval
Figure 3.1.A.Beak and head feather color of female and male of Deshi black duck
Figure 3.1.B.Beak and head feather color of female and male of Deshi white duck
Figure 3.1.C.Shank color of male and female of Deshi white duck
3.2 Morphometric characteristics
Least-squares means with standard errors ( LSMean ± SE ) of body length , feather length, head length, neck length, beak length and shank length of mature Deshi black and Deshi white duck are presented in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2. LSMean
±
SE of morphometric characteristics of Deshi black and Deshi white duck according to sex, type and type*sexFactors BDL (cm) FL (cm) HL (cm) BL (cm) NL (cm) SL (cm) Sex
Male
* 59.56±0.4
**
21.85±0.2
**
2.25±0.1
* 5.86±0.1
* 19.21±0.4
* 9.93±0.29
Female
8 61.87±0.4
8
9 26.71±0.2
9
2 3.01±0.0
6
2 6.23±0.0
6
7 21.08±0.2
6
10.81±0.1 6
Type Deshi black Deshi white
* 59.48±0.7
0 61.95±0.7
0
**
22.64±0.4 2 25.92±0.4
2
**
2.85±0.1 0 2.41±0.1
0
NS 5.97±0.0
9 6.12±0.0
9
NS 20.39±0.3
8 19.91±0.3
8
NS 10.33±0.2
3 10.40±0.2
3
Type*Sex Female*DB
Male*DB Female*D
W Male*DW
NS 61.54±0.6
7 62.21±0.6
7 57.43±1.2
4 61.70±1.2
4
**
23.18±0.4 1 30.23±0.4
1 22.10±0.7
5 21.60±0.7
5
NS 3.30±0.0
9 2.73±0.0
9 2.40±0.6
7 2.10±0.1
7
NS 6.25±0.0
9 6.22±0.0
9 5.7±0.17 6.03±0.1
7
NS 20.95±0.3
6 21.21±0.3
6 19.83±0.6
7 18.60±0.6
7
NS 10.47±0.2
3 11.15±0.2
3 10.20±0.4
2 9.67±0.42 NS, not significant ; BDL, body length; FL, feather length; HL, head length; BL, beak length;
NL, neck length; SL, shank length.
**, p<0.01, p<0.05.
Females were significantly higher (p<0.01) compared with their male counterparts in all body measurements parameters. No significant difference was found between two types of ducks except body length, head length and feather length. In case of Deshi black female and male duck all morphometric measurements were higher than Deshi white female and male duck but no significant differences were found except feather length (p<0.01 ).
3.3 Productive and reproductive performances
The LSMean ±SE of age at sexual maturity, female weight at 1st lay, egg weight at 1st lay and total number of eggs per year are shown in Table 3.3.1. The LSMean of age at sexual maturity were 136.60 ±0.53 and 139.10±0.53 days, respectively for Deshi black and Deshi white ducks and the difference was significant (p<0.01). Female weight at 1st lay were 1439.55±6.98 and 1422.00±6.98 gm, respectively for Deshi black and Deshi white ducks (p>0.05). Egg weight of 1st lay was 48.90±0.19 and 47.12±0.19 gm, respectively for Deshi
black and Deshi white and the difference was significant (p<0.01).Egg production per year of Deshi black and Deshi white were 214±2.65 and 211.40±2.65 (p>0.05).
Table 3.3.1. LSMean ± SE of productive and reproductive performances of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks
Parameters Deshi black Mean ± SE
Deshi white
Mean ± SE Level of significance Age at sexual
maturity (days) 136.60±0.75 139.10±0.53 **
Female weight
at 1st lay (gm) 1439.55±6.98 1422.00±6.98 NS
Egg weight at 1st
lay (gm) 48.90±0.19 47.12±0.19 **
Total number of
eggs per year 214.70±2.65 211.40±2.65 NS
NS, not significant;
**, p<0.01.
Fertility and hatchability rate of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks are shown in Table 3.3.2.
Table 3.3.2. LSMean±SE ofFertility and Hatchabilityof Deshi black and Deshi white ducks Parameters Deshi black
Mean ± SE
Deshi white
Mean ± SE Level of significance
Fertility% 67.62±0.83 63.18±0.83 **
Hatchability% 63.63±0.56 59.42±0.56 **
**, p<0.01.
Fertility rate of Deshi black duck (66.69%) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of Deshi white duck (66.78%). Hatchability rate were 63.63 and 59.42%, respectively for Deshi black and Deshi white duck and the difference was significant (p<0.0).
Egg weight and duckling weight of Deshi black and Deshi white are shown in Table 3.3.3.
Table 3.3.3. LSMean±SE of egg weight and duckling weight of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks according to type
Parameters Deshi black Mean ± SE
Deshi white
Mean ± SE Level of significance Egg weight
(gm) 66.69±0.49 66.78±0.49 NS
Duckling
weight (gm) 43.49±0.35 42.56±0.35 NS
NS, not significant.
Egg weight was found in Deshi black and Deshi white duck were 66.69 and 66.78 gm, respectively (p>0.05). Duckling weight were 43.49±0.42 and 42.53±0.42 gm, respectively for Deshi black and Deshi white duck (p>0.05).
3.4 Growth performance
LSMean±SE of body weights of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks at day old, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week of age are shown in Table 3.4.And figure 3.4.A.
Table 3.4.LSMean±SE of body weight of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks at different ages according to sex, type and type*sex
Factors Body weight at
Day old (gm) 4th week(gm) 8th week(gm) 12thweek(gm) Sex
Male Female
NS 42.65±0.35 43.40±0.35
NS 318.00±9.13 319.04±9.13
**
835.85±8.94 794.20±8.94
NS 1345.80±2.67 1347.90±2.67 Type
Deshi black Deshi white
NS 43.49±0.35 42.56±0.35
NS 327.29±9.13 309.75±9.13
NS 816.25±8.94 813.80±8.94
**
1384.90±2.67 1308.80±2.67 Type*sex
Female*DB Male*DB
* 44.46±0.49 42.52±0.49
NS 332.50±12.9 322.10±12.9
NS 802.00±12.6 830.50±12.6
NS 1387.10±3.78 1382.70±3.78
Female*DW Male*DW
42.34±0.49 42.78±0.49
305.60±12.9 313.90±12.9
786.40±12.6 841.20±12.6
1308.70±3.78 1308.90±3.78 NS, not significant.
** p< 0.01, p<0.05
Males were significantly (p<0.01) heavier than females in 8th week of age. No significant difference was found for body weights between two types of duck except 12th week of age (p<0.01).
Figure 3.4.A.Mature male and female of Deshi black and Deshi white duck
3.5 Phenotypic correlation
The phenotypic correlation among body length, feather length, head length, beak length, neck length and shank length of Deshi black and Deshi white duck are provided in Table 3.5.
Table 3.5.Phenotypic correlation among body length, feather length, head length, bill length, neck length, shank length of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks
Parameters BDL FL NL HL BL SL
BDL FL NL HL BL SL
0.52 0.67 0.53 0.87 0.76
0.57 0.1 0.42 0.75
0.68 0.71 0.85
0.72
0.53 0.75
The highest correlation was found between body length and beak length. The lowest correlation was found between feather length and beak length. All of the correlations were positive and low to high in magnitude.
DISCUSSION
4.1 Phenotypic characteristics
In the present study, head feather color in female duck was black but greenish black color in male. Beak color of Deshi black duck in both male and female were greenish black and black, respectively. In case of Nageswari duck, head color in female duck was black but white spotted head was found in soma males (Morduzzaman et al., 2015). On the other hand, the skin color, head feather color, neck feather color, wing feather color, tail feather color of Deshi white duck in both male and female were completely white. Beak color and shank color in male and female duck were deep yellow and bright yellow, respectively. The egg color of Deshi black and Deshi white duck were greenish white and white in colorrespectively and reported that egg color of Nageswari duck was bluish in color.
4.2 Morphometric characteristics
The body length of adult male and female of Deshi black and Deshi white duck were 62.21±0.67 and 61.70±1.24 cm; 61.54±0.67 and 57.43±1.24 cm, respectively. The body length of Deshi black was higher than Deshi white duck. According to the body length of Sanyasi and Keeri variety of ducks in India were 32.73±0.14 and 31.26±0.29 cm, lower than Deshi black and Deshi white duck(Veeramani et al., 2014). This might be due to the difference between breeds. The body length of Nageswari duck was 26.27±0.57 and 23.79±0.39 cm, lower than the Deshi black and Deshi white duck. Head length measured as 2.73±0.09 and 2.10±0.17 cm; 3.30±0.09 and 2.40±0.17 cm in males and females of Deshi black and Deshi white ducks. Between this two types of breed, the head length of Deshi black was higher than the Deshi white. Beak length averaged at 6.22±0.09 and 6.03±0.17cm;
6.25±0.09 and 5.7±0.17 cm, respectively in male and female Deshi black and Deshi white.The length of head of Nageswari breed was higher than the Deshi black and Deshi white duck. The Beak length of Nageswari breed was 5.87±0.09 and 5.54±0.07 cm, lower than the Deshi black and Deshi white duck(Morduzzaman et al., 2015).The neck length of Sanyasi and Keeri variety of ducks of India were 21.10±0.12 and 18.70±0.24 cm respectively, which was more or less similar with the Deshi black and Deshi white duck(Veeramani et al., 2014). In another study, the neck length of Nageswari duck 23.46±0.58 and 21.59±0.49 cm, which was more or less similar to the present study(Morduzzaman et al., 2015). Shank length of Deshi black duck was 11.15±0.23 cm in males and 10.47±0.23 cm in females. Shank length of Deshi white duck was 9.67±0.42 cm in
males and 10.20±0.42 cm in females that found shank length of male and female Nageswari duck at 20 weeks of age to be 6.49 and 6.16 cm, respectively(Sharma et al., 2003). In addition, the shank length at 20 weeks of age in male and female Nageswari duck to be 6.67±0.71 and 6.12±0.68 cm, respectively. All these observations was lower than the Deshi black and Deshi white duck.(Zaman et al., 2007)
4.3 Productive and reproductive performances
The age at sexual maturity of Deshi black duck was higher than the Deshi white duck. It was reported that mean of age at sexual maturity were 158 days and 151.75 daysrespectively for BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 ducks which was higher than the Deshi black and Deshi white duck.
(Islam et al., 2014), The findings of the present study were better compared to the observation who reported that base stock of Rupali and Nageswari duck came to sexual maturity at 166 and 164 days respectively(Khatun, 2010). Female weights at first lay were 1439.55 and 1422.00 gm respectively for Deshi black and Deshi white. Female weights at first lay were 1444.29 and 1456.22 g, respectively for BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 duck, which were more or less similar with the Deshi black and Deshi white duck. Egg weight per 1st lay were 48.90 and 47.12 gm respectively for Deshi black and Deshi white. Similar observation was recorded (Islam et al., 2014)for BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 duck. They found egg weight at first lay of Rupali (43 g) and Nageswari (45 g) duck, which was lower than the Deshi black and Deshi white duck (Khatun, 2010)
In the present study, higher egg production per year was found in Deshi black duck (214.70±2.65) than the Deshi white duck (211.40±2.65). The average egg production of Nageswari duck varied from 140-160. In another study, reported that average annual egg production was 200-220 in Nageswari duck under intensive management system. All these observations were lower than the Deshi black and Deshi white duck. Balanced nutrition, better management and selection over the years might be the attributing factors for higher egg production. In Chara and Chemballi ducks of Kerala, the egg number up to 72 weeks of age (8 laying cycles of 28 days each) as being 116.09 and 124.95 eggs, respectively with peak production in 5th laying cycle which was lower than the present study. Genotypic difference might contribute for this variation.(Mahanta et al., 1998)
The fertility rate of Deshi black and Deshi white were 67.62±0.83 and 63.18±0.83%. The fertility rate of Deshi black was higher than the Deshi white. It wasreported that the fertility
of local duck was78.75%, which was higher than that of the present study(Hamid et al., 1988).The fertility rate of BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 duck was 65.98% and 59.59%, which was lower than the Deshi black and Deshi white(Islam et al., 2014). This result may be attributed to seasons, male female ratio, egg collection and disinfection, egg storage, age of ducks etc.
The hatchability rate of Deshi black and Deshi white duck were 63.63±0.56 and 59.42±0.56
%. The hatchability rate of Deshi black was higher than the Deshi white. Higher hatchability of BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 genotypes of ducks as 81 and 86% which was higher than those of the present findings. These results on hatchability of fertile eggs of ducks may be influenced by season, genotypes of ducks, age of breeding flock of ducks, storage condition etc.(Khatun, 2010)
The average egg weight of Deshi black and Deshi white duck was 66.69±0.49 and 66.78±0.49 gm. The average egg weight was estimated as 67.32±0.82 gm in Nageswari duck which was higher than Deshi white and Deshi black duck. (Mahanta, 2009)reported the average egg weight of Chara and Chemballi duck was 71.6 g, which was also higher than the present study. The Day old body weight of Deshi black and Deshi white duck were 43.46±0.41 and 42.53±0.42 g. (Khatun, 2010)reported that mean day old body weight of BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 ducks were 34.69 and 34.54 gm, respectively which were lower than the Deshi black and Deshi white duck. The duckling weight of Nageswari duck was 33.98±2.28 gm which was also lower than present study(Morduzzaman et al., 2015). In poultry, the weight of the newly hatched depends primarily on the weight of the egg from which it is hatched, a trait greatly determined by the genotype of the female; females that lay larger eggs may possess superior genetic profiles for size, growth or aggressiveness in competing for feed. Thus, their offspring would receive a similar superior genetic endowment for these traits (Skoglund et al., 1952)
4.4 Growth performance
The mean live weight of Deshi black and Deshi white duck at day old, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week of age were 43.49 and 42.53 gm; 327.29 and 309.75 gm; 816.25 and 813.80 gm;
1384.90 and 1308.80 gm, respectively. According to (Morduzzaman et al., 2015)the mean live weight of Nageswari duck at 4th week, 8th week and 12th week of age were 627.68, 1251.90 and 1522.10 gm which was higher than the Deshi black and Deshi white duck. In another investigation reported live weight of Khaki Campbell, Jinding and Deshi duck at 8 and 12 weeks of age in coastal region of Bangladesh as 492.25, 514.25 and 573.50 g and
643.00, 706.00 and 703.00 gm respectively, which was lower than this study. (Mahanta et al., 2001)recorded average body weight of Charachemballi ducks at 8 and 12 weeks under range condition in Assam as 715.02±5.16 and 1054.63±10.27 g respectively, which was also lower than the Deshi black and Deshi white breed. They reported that mean body weights of BLRI- 1 and BLRI-2 ducks at day old, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week of age were 34.69 and 34.54 g; 378.95 and 359.22; 846.71 and 844.43 gm; 1399.91 and 1313.05 gm respectively, which was more or less similar with the Deshi black and Deshi white. (Islam et al., 2014)
4.5 Phenotypic correlation
The positive and significant correlation between body weight with body length, wing span, shank length and head length suggests that selection for any of these body parameters will cause direct improvement in body weight (Bhowmik et al., 2014)Many of the phenotypic correlations between body measurements were positive and high, (Mancha, 2004). If the positive phenotypic correlations translate into positive genetic correlations thus, selection for one will improve the other as a correlated response (Mohiuddin, 1993)
CONCLUSION
The morphometric, productive and reproductive characteristics of Deshi black and Deshi white duck were unique from any other available common duck breeds/varities in Bangladesh. The findings of the study suggested that the hatchability of Deshi black duck was higher than that of Deshi white duck. Deshi white duck started to lay egg almost one week later compared to Deshi black duck. The productive and reproductive performance of Deshi black duck was higher than the Deshi white duck. Consequently, as a genetic resource, it is imperative for the researchers, entrepreneurs and farmers should come forward for the conservation of this poultry species.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praises are due to the Almighty Allah, the Supreme authority of this universe, who enabled the author to pursue the study work and the successful completion of the report on
“Morphometric measurements, productive and reproductive performance in Deshi black and Deshi white duck”.
With great pleasure, the author would like to express her deepest sense of gratitude, sincere appreciation, profound regards and immense indebtedness to her honorable teacher and report supervisor Dr. Babu Kanti Nath, Assistant professor, Department Dairy and Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, for his scholastic guidance, supervision, sympathetic supervision, valuable suggestions and comments throughout the entire period of the study work and in preparation of this report.
The author expresses thanks to Anwarul Haque, Assistant director and Ranjita Chakraborty, Poultry Development Officer of CDBF, Narayanganj for their kind assistance and providing support during this study work.
Last but no way to the least, the author wishes to express ever gratefulness and immensely indebt endless to her respected parents for their heartiest blessings, affectionate feelings, encouragement and all sorts of sacrifices for the author’s higher education and successful completion of this study work.
The Author
DECEMBER, 2017
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Biography
Me Mohammad Mohiuddin Akram, the author of this case report would like to introduce as Intern. Dr. of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) have passed four years academic career in faculty of veterinary medicine and attended several clinical training programs on Veterinary Medicine in Bangladesh and India. As a student of Veterinary science, with a passion for animal welfare, a high interest in the natural sciences, a desire to be involved in education, and a dedication to life-long learning. My goal is to be a competent and contributing member of the veterinary profession. This case report is the first step to fulfill my dream. I strongly assure that I have done all the works that can be furnished here in this report and I hold entire responsibility of the information given here which are collected from different books, journals and websites.
