REVIEW OF LITERATURE
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Studying Variability, heritability, correlation, path analysis and AMMI analysis
4.1.2 Correlation analysis
Renukadevi and Subbalakshmi (2006) studied correlation and path coefficient for eleven traits including seed yield in fifty genotypes of chickpea. Harvest index, plant height, number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, number of primary branches, 100 seed weight was positively and significantly correlated withseed yield.
Talebi et al. (2007) studied thirty six genotypes during 2005-2006 seasons for their yield performance. From the study, significant and positive relationships were observed between the number of secondary branches and plant height, between 100 seed weight and plant height, between day to maturity and number of primary and secondary branches, between day to heading and day to maturity between seed yield and number of pod per plant and number of seeds per pod, between seed yield and biomass and harvest index were determined significantly. Significant but negative
relationships were revealed between seeds per pod and number of secondary branches and between number of pod per plant and 100 seed weight.
Vaghela et al. (2009) studied character association and path analysis for seed yield in chickpea. The study inferred the higher magnitudes of genotypic correlation coefficients as compared to their corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients for most of the traits. Positive and significant correlation was recorded between seed yield per plant and number of seeds per pod, biological yield, harvest index, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels.
Gaikwad and Monpara (2012) studied correlation among yield and its component traits in chickpea and observed that seeds per plant, biological yield per plant, and 100 seed weight were positively and significantly correlated with seed yield per plant in all the populations. A highly significant positive association was found among seeds per plant, pods per plant and biological yield per plant. However, negative association within index were implied pairs of important traits like pods per plant and harvest index, biological yield and harvest index. Therefore, combining these traits into one genotype are likely to have problems. There was a high contribution of direct effects on seed per plant followed by 100-seed weight. Seeds per plant showed high indirect contribution through pods per plant, plant height, primary branches per plant and biological yield per plant, therefore, while deciding selection criteria of genotypes in chickpea breeding, these parameters should be given more consideration.
Correlation among various quantitative traits in chickpea was studied by Naveed et al. (2012). A positive and significant correlation at genotypic level was obtained for number of secondary branches per plant, biomass per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and pod number per plant, but the same was obtained positive and highly significant at phenotypic level
Avinash et al. (2013) studied correlation in twenty two genotypes of chickpea.
Days to flowering, number of branches per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight showed positive and significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Days to flowering, number of pods per plant, and 100 seed weight were the
main traits that contributed to genetic diversity in chickpea as analysed by percentage contribution of individual characters.
Study of correlation and path coefficient analysis with a set of 105 chickpea accession was done by Jivani et al. (2013). Significant correlation between seed yield per plant and number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index were observed in both genotype and phenotype levels. Hundred seed weight, number of pods per plant, and plant height exhibited significant and positive association with biological yield per plant.
Kuldeep et al. (2014) carried out correlation study for seed yield and its components in advance breeding lines of chickpea. The results showed positive significant correlation between seed yield per plant and plant height, number of pods per plant, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, hundred seed weight and number of effective pods per plant indicated the importance of these traits contributing to yield.
Forty eight genotypes of chickpea were used by Desai et al. (2015) to study character association for yield and its component traits. The analysis between various traits revealed higher magnitude of genotypic correlation as compared to their corresponding phenotypic correlations. This revealed the inheritance of relationship among the characters. Number of effective branches per plant, number of pods per plant and harvest index at genotypic as well as phenotypic levels exhibited a positive and significant association with seed yield per plant.
Mukesh et al. (2016) conducted correlation study in chickpea genotypes. The results indicated positive and significant phenotypic correlation of seed yield per plant with number of branches, number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, 100- seed weight and harvest index.
Salgotra et al. (2016) studied seventeen diverse genotype of desi chickpea variety and reported positive and significant correlation was observed for seed yield per plant with plant height and number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight. Seed yield per plant showed a negative correlation with days to 50%
flowering and number of secondary branches. Plant height followed by days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100- seed weight exhibited highest direct and positive effect on seed yield.
Srivastava et al. (2016a) conducted correlation study for quantitative traits in a mapping population developed for seed traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The result obtained indicated a significant positive and high correlation in the recombinant inbred lines for 100-seed weight and number of seeds per pod with yield.
Srivastava et al. (2016b) studied variability in the RIL population of the cross SBD 377 and BGD 112 and indicated that the developed RILs could be used for mapping seed yield traits. Seed yield per plant being a dependent trait cannot be selected per se and selection therefore needs to be exercised through 100 seed weight and total number of seeds. Lines having greater seed number than the best parent with more seed weight could be obtained when diverse crosses are made. This indicated that the negative correlation between seed weight and seed number can be broken without causing any yield penalty up to a level where the source does not become limiting. However, this requires extensive wide crossing and careful evaluation of the segregants.
Tiwari et al. (2016) conducted correlation study in thirty eight chickpea genotypes. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the traits. Hundred seed weight, harvest index, number of effective pods per plant, total number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, number of primary branches and plant height were the most important characters that indicated positive association with seed yield per plant.