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General procedure for the synthesis of triazolyl donor/acceptor amino acids by [3+2] cycloaddition reaction

Scheme 2.7. Synthetic scheme for donor-acceptor triazolyl unnatural amino acids

2.13. Experimental Section

2.13.2. Synthesis and Characterization

2.13.2.1. General procedure for the synthesis of triazolyl donor/acceptor amino acids by [3+2] cycloaddition reaction

The azido derivative of N,-C terminal protected L-serine 2.69 (1.0 equiv) was taken in a 5:1 dry THF and water mixture solvent and degassed it for 5 min with nitrogen gas. Then, teminal alkyne (1.1 equiv) was added with continuing stirring and degassing for the next 5 min. Then 6 mol % sodium ascorbate and 1 mol% powderd CuSO4 were added. The reaction mixture was degassed and allowed to proceed 18-20 h about 65 to 70 oC. After total consumption of the starting azide, the reaction mixture evaporated completely and work up done by EtOAc and NH4Cl solution. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4. The synthesized trizolyl amino acids were separated by column chromatography (si-gel, PE:EA = 1:1) and characterized.

The average yields were 50% to 85%.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-(4- (dimethylamino)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) ethylcarbamate (TNDMBAlaDo) : Using general procedure, starting from 0.055 g (0.2 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.039 g (0.22 mmol) of 4-ethynyl-N,N- dimehtylbenzenamine A, 0.068 g (0.162

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mmol) of the tilte compound 2.70 was isolated as a redish white gummy material, Yield 82%; IR (KBr) 3350, 2920, 1697, 1660, 1520, 1166, 1059, 800, 629 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz) δ 1.36 (9H, s); 2.91 (6H, s); 3.16 (3H, s); 3.69 (3H, s); 4.62-4.69 (2H, m); 5.02-5.07 (1H, m); 5.65 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.69 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz); 7.62 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz); 7.63 (1H, s); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz); δ 29.4, 32.4, 40.5, 50.9, 51.2, 61.8, 80.4, 112.5, 118.8, 119.2, 126.7, 148.2, 150.4, 155.1, 169.1, HRMS calcd for C20H31N6O4 ([M + H]+) 419.2401, found 419.2409.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-(pyridin-2- yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethylcarbamate (TPyAlaDo) : Using general procedure,

starting from 0.046 g (0.169 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 19 µl (0.185mmol) of 2-Ethynylpyridine B, 0.048 g (0.127 mmol) of the title compound 2.71 was isolated as a white solid material, Yield 75%; IR (KBr) 3261,3135, 2973, 1717, 1659, 1525, 1166, 1048, 789 cm-1. 1H NMR ( CDCl3; 400 MHz ) δ 1.34 (9H, s); 3.21 (3H, s); 3.74 (3H, s); 4.67 - 4.76 (2H, m); 5.02-5.06 (1H, m); 5.64 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz); 7.15 (1H, t, J = 12.4 Hz); 7.7 (1H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz); 8.13 (1H, s); 8.50 (1H, d, J = 4.4 Hz); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz) δ 28.3, 32.6, 51.3, 51.5, 61.9, 80.5, 120.4, 122.9, 123.2, 137.0, 148.3, 149.4, 150.2, 155.2, 168.8; HRMS calcd forC17H25N6O4 ([M + H]+) 377.1932, found 377.1932.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-(3,5- dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) ethylcarbamate (TDMBAlaDo) : Using general procedure, starting from 0.051 g (0.188 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.033 g (0.206 mmol) of 1-Ethynyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzene C, 0.065 g (0.149 mmol) of the title compound 2.72 was isolated as a grey gummy material, Yield 80 %; IR (KBr) 3448, 3342, 2937, 1685, 1594, 1153, 1066, 823 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz); δ 1.34 (9H, s); 3.15 (3H, s); 3.68 (3H, s); 3.75 (6H, s); 4.61- 4.65 (2H, m); 5.0 - 5.04 (1H, m);

5.58 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz); 6.36 (1H, t, J = 2.4 Hz); 6.91 (2H, d, J = 2.4 Hz); 7.69 (1H, s); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz) δ 28.3, 32.5, 51.2, 55.8, 61.9, 80.6, 100.6, 103.8, 121.1, 128.5, 132.4, 147.7, 155.2, 161.2, 168.9; HRMS calcd for C20H30N5O6 ([M + H]+) 436.2191, found 436.2194.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-(2- methoxynaphthalen-6-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) ethylcarbamate (TMNapAlaDo) : Using general procedure, starting from 0.047 g (0.173 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.034 g (0.19 mmol) of 2-Ethynyl-6- methoxynapthalene D, 0.059 g (0.129 mmol) of the title compound 2.73 was isolated as a grey gummy material, Yield 75%; IR (KBr) 3341, 2970, 1660, 1524, 1164, 1029, 855, 653 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz) δ 1.38 (9H,

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s); 3.21 (3H, s); 3.74 (3H, s); 3.89 (3H, s); 4.7 - 4.77 (2H, m); 5.07-5.13 (1H, m); 5.56 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz); 7.12 (2H, t, J = 4.8 Hz); 7.74 (2H, dd, J = 3.6 Hz, 8.4 Hz); 7.82 (1H, s); 7.85 (1H, s); 8.21 (1H, s); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz) δ 28.7, 33.0, 51.6, 55.8, 62.3, 81.0, 106.3, 119.7, 120.9, 124.8, 124.9, 126.2, 127.8, 129.0, 129.4, 130.2, 134.8, 148.4, 155.5, 158.4, 169.3; HRMS calcd for C23H29N5O5 ([M + H]+) 456.2241, found 456.2242.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4- (phenanthren-9-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) ethylcarbamate (TPhenAlaDo): Using

general procedure, starting from 0.048 g (0.176 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.039 g (0.194mmol) of 9- ethynyl phenanthrene E, 0.070 g (0.148 mmol) of the title compound 2.74 was isolated as a light brown gummy material. Yield 84%; IR (KBr) 3347, 2976, 1667, 1552, 1166, 1054, 855, 726 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz), δ 1.38 (9H, s); 3.21 (3H, s);

3.74 (3H, s); 4.76-4.84 (2H, m); 5.14-5.19 (1H, m); 5.77 (1H, d, J = 7.2); 7.53-7.58 (2H, m); 7.6-7.65 (1H, m); 7.85 (1H, s); 7.85 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz); 7.94 (1H, s); 8.32 (1H, d, J = 8 Hz); 8.64 (1H, d, J = 8 Hz); 8.7 (1H, d, J=8 Hz); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz); δ 28.3, 32.5, 51.2, 51.3, 61.9, 80.5, 122.0, 123.0, 124.0, 126.2, 126.9, 128.4, 128.9, 130.0, 130.2, 130.7, 131.3, 146.7, 155.2, 169.0; HRMS calcd for C26H30N5O4

([M + H]+) 476.2292, found 476.2294.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl(3-(4-((6-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)-1,3- dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1-

(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate (T4-DMAPENIAlaDo): Using general procedure, starting from 0.058 g (0.212 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.088 g (0.233 mmol) of 4. 4-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenylethynyl)-N-(2-propynyl)-

1,8-naphthalimide F, 0.102 g (0.156 mmol) of the title compound 2.75 was isolated as a solid red material. Yield 74

%; IR (KBr) 3343, 2974, 2932, 2188, 1699, 1658, 1583, 1524, 1364, 1236, 1168, 1049, 815, 785 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz), δ 1.30 (9H, s); 2.97 (6H, s); 3.12 (3H, s); 3.63 (3H, s);

4.58 (2H, d, J = 2.4 Hz); 4.96 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz); 5.39 (2H, q, J = 4.8 Hz, J = 14.4 Hz); 5.55 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz); 6.61 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz); 7.43 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz); 7.66 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz);

7.71 (1H, t, J = 8 Hz); 7.95 (1H, s); 8.38 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz); 8.49 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz);

8.59 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz) 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz); δ 28.1, 32.2, 34.9, 36.3, 39.8, 50.6, 51.1, 61.5, 79.9, 85.1, 102.1, 108.1, 111.5, 120.2, 122.2, 124.5, 126.7, 127.7, 128.3, 128.8, 129.3, 130.3, 130.9, 131.3, 132.5, 133.1, 143.4, 150.6, 154.9, 162.5, 163.4, 168.9. HRMS calcd for C35H38N7O6 ([M + H]+) 652.2878, found 652.2849.

Synthesis of (S) tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-(pyrene -9- yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) ethylcarbamate (TPyAlaDo): Using general procedure, starting from 48 mg (0.18 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 44mg (0.19 mmol) of

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2-ethynyl pyrene G, 65 mg (0.13mmol) of the title compound 2.76 was isolated as a light brown gummy material. Yield 72.4%; IR (KBr) 3421, 2976, 2930 , 2103, 1712, 1663, 1164, 849, 757 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz), δ 1.395 (9H, s); 3.244 (3H, s); 3.769 (3H, s); 4.835-4.847 (2H, d, J = 4.8 Hz); 5.185-5.203 (1H, m); 5.728- 5.747 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz); 7.947-8.003 (2H, m); 8.025-8.056 (2H, m); 8.070 (1H, s); 8.124-8.124 (3H, m);8.609-8.632 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz) 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz); δ 22.9, 28.5, 29.9, 32.6, 51.4, 62.0, 77.1, 77.4, 77.7, 124.3, 124.8, 125.0, 125.2, 125.3, 125.5, 126.2, 127.4, 127.5, 127.9, 128.2, 128.7, 131.0, 131.4, 131.5, 147.5, 155.4, 169.2 ; HRMS calcd. for C26H30N5O4 ([M + H]+) 500.2376, found 500.2323.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl(1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-(4-((4-(pyren-1- yl)butanamido) methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate (TBAPyAlaDo) : Using general procedure, starting from 0.040 g (0.146 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.054 g (0.176 mmol) of N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-4-(pyren-1-yl) butanamide H, 0.069 g (0.121 mmol) of the title compound 2.77 was isolated as a grey solid material. Yield 82 %; IR (KBr) 3326, 2924, 2854, 1745, 1691, 1649, 1531, 1462, 1247, 1061, 843 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz), δ 1.4 (9H, s); 2.24-2.18 (2H, m);

2.30 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz); 3.36 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz); 3.74 (3H, s);

4.47 (2H, d, J = 4.8 Hz); 4.69-4.65 (2H, m); 4.73 (1H, s); 5.32 (1H, bs); 6.17 (1H, bs); 7.47 (1H, s); 7.82 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz);

8.01-7.96 (3H, m); 8.09 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz); 8.15 (2H, d, J = 8 Hz); 8.26 (1H, d, J = 9.6 Hz); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz); δ 27.4, 28.4, 32.9, 34.9, 35.9, 51.2, 53.2, 53.8, 80.9, 123.5, 125.0, 125.1, 126.1, 126.9, 127.5, 127.7, 128.9, 130.1, 131.1, 131.6, 135.9, 155.3, 169.6, 173.1. HRMS calcd for C32H36N5O5 ([M + H]+) 570.2711, found 570.2714.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-(4-(perylen-3- yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate (TPerAlaDo): Using general procedure, starting from 0.060 g (0.219 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.072 g (0.263 mmol) of 1- ethynyl perylene I, 0.062 g (0.112 mmol) of the title compound 2.78 was isolated as a yellowish red solid material. Yield 52

%; IR (KBr) 3296, 2925, 2103, 1718, 1662, 1498, 1367, 1164, 1023, 809, 765 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz), δ 1.40 (9H, s); 3.25 (3H, s); 3.78 (3H, s); 4.86-4.77 (2H, m);

5.14 (1H, bs); 5.62 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz); 7.43 (2H, d, J = 7.6 Hz); 7.51-7.47 (1H, m); 7.65 (2H, m); 7.82 (1H, s); 7.88 (1H, d, J = 8 Hz); 8.01 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz); 8.17-8.05 (4H, m); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz); δ 28.4, 32.7, 51.4, 51.5, 62.1, 80.7, 120.1, 120.6, 120.7, 125.6, 126.7, 126.8, 127.2, 128.0, 128.1, 128.2, 128.7, 129.3, 131.1, 131.4, 131.6, 131.8, 134.8, 147.0, 155.3, 169.1; HRMS calcd. for C32H32N5O4 ([M + H]+) 550.2449, found 550.2450.

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Synthesis of (S)- tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-(4- cyanophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) ethylcarbamate (TCNBAlaAc) : Using general

procedure, starting from 0.11 g (0.402 mmol) of chrial serine azide 2.69 and 0.056 g (0.442 mmol) of 4-ethynyl benzonitrile J, 0.13 g (0.324 mmol) of the title compound 2.79 was isolated as a white gummy material. Yield 81%; IR (KBr) 3372, 2978, 2928, 2222, 1697, 1655, 1367, 1173, 1027, 838, 627, 557 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz) δ 1.33 (9H, s); 3.18 (3H, s); 3.73 (3H, s); 4.71-4.77 (2H, m); 5.02-5.06 (1H, m); 5.6 (1H, d, J = 6.4 Hz); 7.63 (2H, d, J = 8 Hz); 7.86 (2H, d, J = 8 Hz); 7.88(1H, s); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz); δ 28.3, 32.5, 51.2, 51.3, 61.9, 80.6, 111.4, 118.8, 122.0, 126.1, 132.7, 135.0, 145.9, 155.1, 168.7; HRMS calcd for C19H25N6O4 ([M + H]+) 401.1932, found 401.1935.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-(4- nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) ethylcarbamate (TNBAlaAc) : Using general procedure, starting from 0.051 g (0.187 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.03 g (0.205 mmol) of 1-Ethynyl-4-nitrobenzene K, 0.063 g (0.151mmol) of the tite

compound 2.80 was isolated as a white gummy material, Yield 81%; IR (KBr) 3350, 2982, 1693, 1515, 1351, 1165, 853, 625 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz) δ 1.39 (9H, s); 3.17 (3H, s);

3.73 (3H, s); 4.67-4.72 (2H, m); 5.02-5.07 (1H, m); 5.61 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz); 7.90 (1H, s); 7.93 (2H, d, J = 7.6 Hz); 8.19 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz) δ 28.3, 32.5, 51.2, 51.4, 62.0, 80.6, 122.4, 124.3, 126.2, 136.9, 145.5, 147.3, 155.1, 168.6; HRMS calcd for C18H25N6O6 ([M + H]+) 421.1836, found 421.1839.

Synthesis of (S)- tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-(4-methyl benzoate)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) ethylcarbamate (TMBAAlaAc) : Using general procedure, starting from 0.053 g (0.194 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.034 g (0.213 mmol) of 1-Ethynyl-4-methylbenzoate L, 0.067 g (0.154 mmol) of the title compound 2.81 was isolated as a white gummy material, Yield 78 % ; IR (KBr) 3380, 2985, 2949, 1674, 1518, 1286, 1167, 1114, 774, 624 cm-1.

1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz); δ 1.35 (9H, s); 3.19 (3H, s );

3.73 (3H, s); 3.87 (3H, s); 4.68-4.73 (2H, m); 5.03-5.07 (1H, m); 5.59 (1H, d, J = 7.2 H ); 7.83 (1H, s); 7.85 (2H, d, J = 3.2); 8.03 (2H, d, J = 10.4 Hz); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz) δ 28.3, 32.5, 51.3, 52.2, 62.0, 80.6, 121.7, 125.6, 129.6, 130.2, 132.14, 134.9, 146.7, 155.1, 166.9, 168.8; HRMS calcd for C20H28N5O6 ([M + H]+) 434.2034, found 434.2038.

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Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl (3-(4-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1- (methoxy(methyl )amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate (TDNBAlaAc): Using general

procedure, starting from 0.07 g (0.256 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 0.054 g (0.282 mmol) of 1-Ethynyl-2,4- dinitrobenzene M, 0.084 g (0.18 mmol) of the tite compound 2.82 was isolated as a light yellow material, Yield 71%; IR (KBr) 3345, 2980, 1694, 1666, 1531, 1348, 1167, 907, 747 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz) δ 1.38 (9H,s); 3.22 (3H, s); 3.75 (3H, s); 4.76 (2H, d, J = 4.4 Hz); 5.05-5.01 (1H, m); 5.58 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz); 7.89 (1H, s); 8.38 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz); 8.44 (2H, dd, J = 1.6 Hz, 8.8 Hz); 8.6 (1H, s); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz) δ 28.2, 32.4, 51.2, 51.4, 62.0, 80.6, 119.8, 125.4, 126.7, 130.2, 131.9, 139.8, 146.8, 147.4, 155.1, 168.4. HRMS calcd for C18H24N7O8 ([M + H]+) 466.1681, found 466.1684.

Synthesis of (S) tert-butyl 1-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)-2-(4-(3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) ethylcarbamate (TFMBAlaAc) : Using general procedure, starting from 0.046 g (0.17 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and 33 µl (0.187mol) of 1-Ethynyl-3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl)benzene N, 0.063 g (0.123mmol) of the title compound 2.83 was isolated as a grey material, yield 73%;

IR (KBr) 3354, 2984, 1673, 1523, 1280,1128, 898, 808 cm-1.

1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz) δ 1.35 (9H, s); 3.2 (3H, s); 3.75 (3H, s); 4.67-4.76 (2H, m); 5.05-5.1 (1H, m); 5.65 (1H, d, J = 10.4 Hz); 7.75 (1H, s); 7.97 (1H, s); 8.22 (2H,s); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz) δ 28.3, 32.6, 51.3, 51.5, 62.0, 80.8, 121.6, 122.0, 125.8, 132.2, 132.5, 132.9, 145.1, 155.5, 168.8; HRMS calcd for C20H24N5O4F6

([M + H]+) 512.1727, found 512.1728.

Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl (3-(4-((6-((4-cyanophenyl)ethynyl)-1,3-dioxo-1H- benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1-

(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate (T4-CPE NIAlaAc): Using general procedure, starting from 0.060 g (0.219 mmol) of chiral serine azide 2.69 and

0.086 g (0.240 mmol) of 4-(2-(4-(cyano)phenyl)ethynyl)-1,8- naphthalimide O, 0.08 g (0.126 mmol) of the title compound 2.84 was isolated as a light yellow solid material. Yield 58 %;

IR (KBr) 3330, 2929, 2225, 1704, 1664, 1585, 1364, 1235, 1163, 1016, 788 cm-1. 1H NMR (CDCl3; 400 MHz), δ 1.29 (9H, s); 2.57 (6H, s); 3.12 (3H, s); 3.65 (3H, s); 4.59 (2H, d, J = 4.4 Hz); 4.96 (1H, bs); 5.39 (2H, q, J = 4.0 Hz, J = 13.6 Hz); 5.57 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz); 7.37 (1H, s); 7.73-7.62 (5H, m); 7.83 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz); 8.42 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz); 8.53-8.49 (2H, m); 13C NMR (CDCl3; 100 MHz); δ 28.2, 32.4, 33.8, 35.2, 40.9, 50.9, 51.1, 61.8, 80.3, 89.9, 96.8, 112.7, 118.2, 122.6, 122.8, 124.6, 126.4, 126.9, 127.8, 127.9, 130.4, 131.2,

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131.4, 131.9, 132.1, 132.3, 132.5, 143.3, 155.1, 163.1, 163.4, 168.8. HRMS calcd for C34H32N7O6 ([M + H]+) 634.2409, found 634.2390.