Actin: The fibrous protein in muscle cells.
Alveoli: Air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange with the blood takes place.
Amino acids:The constituent part of proteins.
Anaphase: The penultimate stage in cell division.
Antibodies: Special protein molecules which defend the body against infection.
Aorta: The biggest artery in the body.
Artery: A blood vessel which carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body
Atrium: The upper chamber of the heart.
Axons: Parts of the nerve cell which carry information away from the cell.
Bladder: The organ that stores urine.
Bronchi: Constituent units of the lung branching out from the windpipe.
Bronchioles: Smaller branches of bronchi.
Cancellous: A type of bone which is spongy in nature.
Capillaries: The smallest blood vessel.
Carbohydrates: Starch-like molecules made up or carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Sugars belong to this group of molecules.
Cartilage: A connective tissue joining two bones.
Cementum: The bony socket in which whole tooth is anchored.
Centromere: Cen tral globe-like part of a chromosome through which it hooks on to the spindle.
Cerebellum: The hind brain.
Cerebrospinal fluid: The fluid in which the brain is bathed.
Cerebrum: Part of the forebrain controlling movement and function of all limbs.
Cervix: The opening of the womb.
Chlorophyll: A green-coloured molecule which helps to trap light energy.
Chloroplast: Part of the plant cell where photosynthesis takes place.
Chromatins: The constituent threads of the chromosomes.
Cilia:Tiny hair-like structures lining the air tract.
Cochlea:The inner ear.
Collagen: A protein of connective tissue.
Compact bone:The dense type bone of limbs.
Cornea:The transparent membrane on the outside of the eye.
Corti:The innermost part of the ear.
Cristae: Intricate folds of the membranes in,side a mi tochondrion.
Cytoplasm: The fluid part of a cell surrounding the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton An arrangement of microtubules and microfila- ments holding together the cell structure.
Dendrites: Fibre-like parts of a nerve cell.
Dentine: Hard bone like material which is a part of the tooth.
Dermis: The middle layer of the skin tissue.
Dictyosome: Golgi apparatus.
Differentiation: Process by which cells become specialized.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid--the molecule of heredity.
Duodenum: The initial portion of the small intestine.
Elastin: The second major protein in connective tissues.
Ellipsoid joint: The bone jointin the wrists that allows bending and circular motion.
Embryo: An organism in the very earl y stages of development;
in man, from conception upto the second month of pregnan- cy.
Enamel: The outer covering of the tooth.
Endoplasmic reticulum: The elaborate system of membranes inside the cytoplasm.
Enzyme: Protein molecule which acts as a catalyst in the chemical reactions in the body.
Epidermis: The outer layer of the skin tissue.
Epithelium: Skin.
Eukaryotes: Organisms whose cells have a well defined nucleus.
Evolution: A continuing process of change from one state of form to another.
Fallopian tubes: Tubes connecting the ovary to the womb.
Fertilization: The union of a sperm and an egg.
Fibroblast: Elongated flattened cell present in the connective tissue.
Foetus: The unborn baby.
Gall bladder: A duct containing bile.
Gametes: The sexual cells.
Glomerulus: Cup-shaped beginning of the nephron.
Glucose: The simple sugar--product of carbohydrate diges- tion.
Glycerol: One of the breakdown products of lipids.
Golgi apparatus: A special organelle in the cytoplasm.
Hormones: Endocrine gland secretions that influence specific organs.
Ileum: The lower part of the small intestine.
Incus: One of the three small vibrating bones in the outer ear attached to the tympanic membrane.
Interphase: The first or resting phase of cell division.
Jejunum: That part of the small intestine which intervenes between the duodenum and the ileum.
Joint: The meeting point of two bones.
Lachrymal gland: The gland adjoining the eyes which produces tears.
Leucocyte: White blood cell.
Limbic system: Part of the forebrain which stores memory.
Lipids: Fats.
Lipoprotein: A compound molecule containing lipids and proteins.
Liver: An important organ removing poisons from blood.
Lipase: Fat digesting enzyme.
Lysosome: A sac-like structure in the cell which contains en- zymes necessary for digestion.
Lysozymes: Enzymes that digest cells, bacteria and viruses.
Macrophages: 'Ea ter cells': large w hi te blood cells which digest dead bacteria.
Malleus: One of the three small vibrating bones in the outer ear attached to the tympanic membrane.
Marrow: Porridge-like substance found in the hollow of the bones.
Medulla: Part of the hind brain which regulates essential body functions.
Meiosis: The cell division in sexual organs.
Menarche: The onset of menstruation in the female.
Menopause: The cessation of menstruation in the female.
Metaphase: The central stage in cell division.
Mitochondria: Part of a cell responsible for generation of energy.
Mitosis: Cell division in non-sexual organs.
Mitral. valve: The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart.
Motor nerves:Nerves connected to muscles which being infor- mation from the brain.
Mucopolysaccharides: Substances derived from long chains of sugar molecules which act as a cement between cells.
Myosin: The second fibrous protein in muscle cells.
Nephrons: Filtering units of the kidney.
Neuron: The nerve cell.
Nucleolus: Round bodies inside a nucleus.
Nucleus: Central controlling organ of a cell.
Oesophagus: The food canal.
Ovanj: Female s-exual organ which produces the egg.
Ovum: The Egg.
Papillae:The taste buds.
PhagoClJtosis:The process by which the cell digests solid particles.
Photosynthesis: Process by which plant cells use energy ob- tained from light to manufacture carbohydrates from water and C02.
Pinocytosis: The process, akin to drinking, by which the cell draws in liquid nutrient.
Pituitary: The small endocrine gland on the mid-brain.
Placenta: The organ through which nutrients and wastes pass between the mother and the foetus.
Prophase: The second stage of cell division.
Pleurisy: An infectious disease of the lung.
Proteins: Molecules which constitute the building blocks of orgamsms.
Pulmonary artery: Blood vessel carrying blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary vein: Blood vessel carrying blood from the lungs to the heart.
Pupil: A part of the eye.
Pylorus: The valve between the stomach and the intestine.
Retina: The screen in the eye on which an image is formed.
Ribosome: Site of protein manufacture (located in the cytoplasm).
Seminiferous tubules: Site of sperm production.
Sensory nerve: Nerve which carries information from the sen- sory organ to the brain.
Septum: The barrier between the left and the right halves of the heart.
Skeleton: The framework of bones supporting the body.
Sperm: The male seed.
Sphincter: Muscular disc located between the urinary bladder and the urethra and which controls the flow of urine.
Stapes: One of the three small vibrating bones in the outer ear, attached to the lympanic membrane.
Subcutaneous: Under the skin.
Synapse: The gap between two adjacent neurons.
Synovial sac:A duct secreting the viscous fluid which lubri- cates the joints.
Telophase:Terminal stage of cell division.
Testes: Male sexual organ which produces sperm.
Thalamus: Part of the forebrain controlling normal body func- tions.
Tissue: A collection of similar cells joined together.
Tricuspid valve: The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart.
Trypsin: Protein digesting enzyme.
Tympanic membrane: The covering on the ear drum which resonates to the received sound.
Unicellular: Made up of a single cell.
Urea:Nitrogen-containing compound produced as a waste by the body.
Urethra:The canal through which urine passes to the outside.
Ventricles: Lower chambers of heart
Venules: The small blood vessels which form veins.
Vein: A blood vessel carrying blood from all parts of the body to the heart.
Vena cava:The biggest vein in the body.
Vertebrae: The elements of back-bone.
Villi: The finger like structures on surface of the intestine.
Zygote: The fertilized egg.
I ~