Silke Von Lewinski Ed., Indigenous Heritage and Intellectual Property (2d. 2008).
WIPO's Database (http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/folklore/creative_heritage/) contains existing codes, guides, policies, protocols and standard agreements relating to the recording, digitization and dissemination of intangible cultural heritage, with an emphasis on intellectual property issues.
Who Owns Native Culture by Michael F. Brown (http://www.williams.edu/AnthSoc/native
/index.htm) is a good resource for understanding current debates about the legal status of indigenous art, music, folklore, biological knowledge and sacred sites.
Intellectual Property Rights Online (http://www.iprsonline.org/resources/tk.htm#2006) is a compendium articles about Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions
The African Copyright & Access to Knowledge Project (ACA2K) (http://www.aca2k.org /index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=174&Itemid=60&lang=en) probes the
relationship between national copyright environments and access to knowledge in African countries.
National Experiences with the Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions/Expressions of Folklore: Preface (http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/studies/cultural/expressions/preface/index.html) WIPO's resources on Traditional Cultural Expressions (Folklore) (http://www.wipo.int/tk/en /folklore/)
Creative Heritage Project: Strategic Management of IP Rights and Interests (http://www.wipo.int /tk/en/folklore/culturalheritage/index.html) lists resources for developing best practices and surveys existing practices, protocols and policies.
Resources on Indigenous Cultures and Cultural Property (http://www.caslon.com.au/ipguide14.htm) is a searchable database of codes, guides, policies, protocols and agreements relating to IP and the digitization of ICH. It also includes short case studies presenting informal summaries of best practices, multimedia materials, articles, laws and other resources.
Is a Sui Generis System Necessary? (http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&
q=cache:YpXBL2B8YW4J:www.iipi.org/speeches
/newyork011404.pdf+what+are+sui+generis+laws+WIPO&hl=en&gl=us&sig=AHIEtbT-
vKUx386Lbgxl_JtZO798bxHrrw) reviews traditional IP laws and outlines potential problems with sui generis systems.
WIPO (http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/laws/tk.html) list of legislative texts on the protection of TK.
WIPO case studies of appropriated traditional cultural expressions (http://www.wipo.int/tk/en //studies/cultural/minding-culture/studies)
Examples of Nation Specific Rules Governing Traditional Knowledge
Peter Jaszi, "Traditional Culture: A Step Forward for Protection in Indonesia" (2009)
(http://www.wcl.american.edu/pijip/go/news/professor-peter-jaszi-authors-report-on-protection- of-the-traditional-arts-in-indonesia)
Lauryn Grant, "The Protection of Traditional or Indigenous Knowledge," SJ049 ALI-ABA 469 (2004).
Paul Kuruk, "Goading a Reluctant Dinosaur: Mutual Recognition Agreements as a Policy Response to the Misappropriation of Foreign Traditional Knowledge in the United States," 34 Pepp. L. Rev.
629 (2007).
Paul Kuruk , "The Role of Customary Law Under Sui Generis Frameworks of Intellectual Property Rights in Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge," 17 Ind. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 67 (2007).
Paul Kuruk, "Protecting Folklore Under Modern Intellectual Property Regimes: A Reappraisal of the Tensions Between Individual and Communal Rights in Africa and the United States," 48 Am. U. L.
Rev. 769 (1999).
Stephen R. Munzer, Kal Raustiala, "The Uneasy Case for Intellectual Property Rights in Traditional Knowledge," 27 Cardozo Arts & Ent. L.J. 37 (2009).
Wikipedia site (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy) on the United State's Native American Mascot Controversy.
Examples of Regional Codes Governing Traditional Knowledge
Adebambo Adewopo, "The Global Intellectual Property System and Sub-Sahara Africa: A Prognostic Reflection," 33 U. Tol. L. Rev. 749 (2002).
African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) (http://www.oapi.wipo.net/en/OAPI/index.htm) African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) (http://www.aripo.org/)
Andean Community (http://www.comunidadandina.org/endex.htm)
Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR) (http://untreaty.un.org/unts/144078_158780/12/10 /5009.pdf)
Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (http://www.forumsec.org/index.cfm)
International Legal Instruments
Laurence R. Helfer, "Toward a Human Rights Framework for Intellectual Property," 40 U.C. Davis Law Review 971 (2007).
A critique of WIPO's Draft Principles from a coalition of indigenous groups (http://www.wipo.int /export/sites/www/tk/en/igc/ngo/ciel_gap.pdf)
Policy Arguments
Megan Carpenter, Intellectual Property Law and Indigenous Peoples: "Adapting Copyright Law to the Needs of a Global Community," 7 Yale Hum. Rts. & Dev. L.J. 51 (2004).
Patty Gerstenblith, "Identity and Cultural Property: The Protection of Cultural Property in the United States," 75 B. U. L. REV. 559, 570 (1995).
Lorie Graham and Stephen McJohn, "Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property," 19 WASH. U.
J.L. & POL’Y 313 (2005).
Kristen A. Carpenter, "Real Property and Peoplehood," 27 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 313, 345-51, 355-57 (2008).
Paul Kuruk, "Promoting Folklore under Modern Intellectual Property Regimes: A Reappraisal of the Tensions between Individual and Communal Rights in Africa and the US," 48 Am. U. L. Rev. 769 (1999).
Anupam Chander & Madhavi Sunder, "The Romance of the Public Domain," 92 California Law Review 1331 (2004).
Kristen A. Carpenter, Sonia Katyal, and Angela Riley, "In Defense of Property," 118 Yale L.J. 1022 (2009).
Assignment and discussion questions
Assignment
Answer one of the following questions:
1. Should intellectual property protection of any sort be granted to traditional knowledge?
2. Assuming some sort of intellectual property protection for traditional knowledge is appropriate, which of the many legal systems discussed in this module is the best?
Discussion Question(s)
Select one of the answers that your colleagues provided to the Assignment questions, and comment on it.
Explain why you agree or disagree.
Contributors
This module was created by Emily Cox, Adrienne Baker, Ariel Rosthstein, and Miriam Weiler. It was then edited by William Fisher.
Home
Introduction Course Materials:
Module 1: Copyright and the Public Domain Module 2: The International Framework Module 3: The Scope of Copyright Law
Module 4: Rights, Exceptions, and Limitations Module 5: Managing Rights
Module 6: Creative Approaches and Alternatives Module 7: Enforcement
Module 8: Traditional Knowledge Module 9: Activism
Glossary
The Rotisserie (http://h2o.law.harvard.edu/index.jsp)
Retrieved from "./Module_8:_Traditional_Knowledge"
This page was last modified on 1 March 2010, at 05:20.
Module 9: Activism
From Copyright for Librarians
Contents
1 Learning objective
2 Case Study #1: The Swedish Pirate Party 2.1 Challenged Law
2.2 Local Factors
2.3 Founding the Pirate Party
2.4 Drafting the Pirate Party's Platform 2.5 The Pirate Bay
2.6 September 2006 Riksdag Elections 2.7 June 2009 European Parliament Elections 2.8 Present Day
3 Case Study #2: "Click Wrap" Licenses and the Uniform Commercial Code 3.1 The UCC
3.2 "Click Wrap" Licenses 3.3 The ALI Addresses the Issue 3.4 Criticism from Copyright Scholars
3.4.1 Legal Arguments 3.4.2 Economic Arguments 3.5 McManis Amendment
3.6 UC Berkeley UCC 2B Conference/California Law Review Symposia 3.7 Effects of the Conference/Symposia
4 Case Study #3: Copyright Law and Folklore
4.1 Seeking Greater Protection for Traditional Knowledge 4.2 Mobilization of Indigenous Communities
4.2.1 WIPO’s 1998-1999 Fact Finding Missions 4.2.2 The Mataatua Declaration, New Zealand, 1993
4.2.3 Kari-Oca Declaration and the Indigenous People's Earth Charter, 1992 4.2.4 Santa Cruz de la Sierra Statement on Intellectual Property, Bolivia, 1994 4.2.5 Julayinbul Statement on Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights, Australia, 1993
4.3 Action by Indigenous Groups to protect TK
4.3.1 Training about IP Rights and Technology Uses
4.3.2 Contracting IP Rights at The Garma Festival, Gulkula, Australia 4.3.3 Seeking Consent from the Sto:lo Nation for use of Cultural Heritage 4.3.4 Using Trademarks to protect TK
5 Additional Resources 5.1 General
5.2 Sweden's Pirate Party
5.3 "Click Wrap" Licenses and the Uniform Commercial Code 5.4 Copyright Law and Folklore
6 Contributors
Learning objective
This module tries to assist librarians in developing countries who are considering organizing to influence the shape of copyright laws. It does so by examining how other groups have sought in the past to modify (or to resist modifications of) copyright systems.
To that end, it offers three cases studies, involving sharply different issues and countries. No simple lesson emerges from these case studies. Rather, they are intended to provide the basis for reflection and discussion concerning what forms of activism are effective -- and what forms are not.