Chapter 1 Introduction
3.7 Experimental Results
3.7.3 Query Processing
In SHP more than one key interval can be mapped to a node but a key interval cannot be partially mapped to more than one node. It is observed that number of hops required for point and range queries is less for SHP in comparison to Chord. In SHP, if a data item is found within the same group then it is found withinO(logng) steps; otherwise, it needs anotherO(logng) steps. For range query difference in number of messages required is more since Chord doesn’t support range query (i.e. each data item within a range is retrieved using individual point query), whereas in SHP it executes the query with first key of the range as dis- cussed in section 3.4.1.
Figure 3.13, 3.14, 3.15 and 3.16 illustrate the number of hops required to execute point query in different conditions as discussed in subsection 3.7.2. It is observed that in all situation execution of point query in SHP has improvement
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 61
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
A [Chord size=256, SHP size=32x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
0 50 100 150 200 250
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
B [Chord size=512, SHP size=64x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
0 50 100 150 200 250
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
C [Chord size=1024, SHP size=128x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Overlay Size (D) Varying Overlay Size
Chord SHP
Figure 3.5: Graph showing number of messages required to join nodes in Chord and SHP with different network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 62
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Group Size
Chord SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Nodes Joins
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=128x16, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Nodes Joins
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=64x32, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Number of Messages
Number of Nodes Joins
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=32x64, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
Figure 3.6: Graph showing number of messages required to join nodes in Chord and SHP with different group size of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 63
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=500, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=1000, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Tavg Value
Chord SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=1999, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
Figure 3.7: Graph showing number of messages required to join nodes in Chord and SHP with different Tavg value of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 64
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=1000]
(B) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=500]
(C) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number of Messages
Number of Joins
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=101]
(D) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
Figure 3.8: Graph showing number of messages required to join nodes in Chord and SHP with different Tstab value of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 65
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
A [Chord size=256, SHP size=32x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
B [Chord size=512, SHP size=64x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
C [Chord size=1024, SHP size=128x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
Figure 3.9: Graph showing number of messages required to leave nodes in Chord and SHP with different network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 66
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of Messages
Number of Nodes leaves
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=128x16, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Number of Messages
Number of Nodes leaves
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=64x32, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Number of Messages
Number of Nodes leaves
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=32x64, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
Figure 3.10: Graph showing number of messages required to leave nodes in Chord and SHP with different group size of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 67
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=500, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Tavg Value
For SHP leaving nodes are Temporary nodes Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=1000, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Tavg Value
For SHP leaving nodes are Temporary nodes Chord
SHP
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=1999, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Tavg Value
For SHP leaving nodes are Temporary nodes Chord
SHP
Figure 3.11: Graph showing number of messages required to leave nodes in Chord and SHP with different Tavg value of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 68
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=1000]
(B) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=500]
(C) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Number of Messages
Number of leaves
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=101]
(D) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
Figure 3.12: Graph showing number of messages required to leave nodes in Chord and SHP with different Tstab value of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 69
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
A [Chord size=256, SHP size=32x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
B [Chord size=512, SHP size=64x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
C [Chord size=1024, SHP size=128x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
Figure 3.13: Graph showing number of hops required for point query in Chord and SHP with different network size
than Chord.
Figure 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20 and 3.21 illustrate the number of hops needed to execute range query in various configuration. In Figure 3.17, 3.18, 3.19 and 3.20, it is shown with various network sizes, changing the group size and different Tavg and Tstab values keeping range size fix at 10. Different range sizes such as 10, 20, 30, 40 are illustrated in Figure 3.21. In all cases performance improvement is observed significantly for range query in SHP.
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 70
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Group Size
Chord SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=128x16, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=64x32, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=32x64, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
Figure 3.14: Graph showing number of hops required for point query in Chord and SHP with different group size of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 71
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=500, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=1000, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=1999, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
Figure 3.15: Graph showing number of hops required for point query in Chord and SHP with different Tavg value of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 72
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Tstab Value
Chord SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=1000]
(B) Varying Tstab Value
Chord SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=500]
(C) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of Hops
Number of Point Queries
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=101]
(D) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
Figure 3.16: Graph showing number of hops required for point query in Chord and SHP with different Tstab value of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 73
-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of Messages
Number of Range Queries
A [Chord size=256, SHP size=32x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 5000 10000 15000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
B [Chord size=512, SHP size=64x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
C [Chord size=1024, SHP size=128x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Network Size Chord
SHP
Figure 3.17: Graph showing number of hops required for range query in Chord and SHP with different network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 74
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=128x16, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Group Size
Chord SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=64x32, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=32x64, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Group Size Chord
SHP
Figure 3.18: Graph showing number of hops required for range query in Chord and SHP with different group size of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 75
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=500, Tstab=2000]
(B) Varying Tavg Value
Chord SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=1000, Tstab=2000]
(C) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=1999, Tstab=2000]
(D) Varying Tavg Value Chord
SHP
Figure 3.19: Graph showing number of hops required for range query in Chord and SHP with different Tavg value of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 76
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=1000]
(B) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=500]
(C) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=101]
(D) Varying Tstab Value Chord
SHP
Figure 3.20: Graph showing number of hops required for range query in Chord and SHP with different Tstab value of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 77
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
A [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(A) Range Size = 10 Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
B [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(B) Range Size = 20 Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
C [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(C) Range Size = 30 Chord
SHP
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of Hops
Number of Range Queries
D [Chord size=2048, SHP size=256x8, Tavg=100, Tstab=2000]
(D) Range Size = 40 Chord
SHP
Figure 3.21: Graph showing number of hops required for range query in Chord and SHP with different range value of same network size
CHAPTER 3� SHP: A STR� HIERARCHICAL OVERLAY PROTOCOL 78