ABAQUS (2010). “ABAQUS: theory manual.” version 6.10, 2010.
Acito, M., Bocciarelli, M., Chesi, C., and Milani, G. (2014). “Collapse of the clock tower in Finale Emilia after the May 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake sequence: Numerical insight.” Engineering Structures, 72, 70–91.
Acito, M., Chesi, C., Milani, G., and Torri, S. (2016). “Collapse analysis of the Clock and Fortified towers of Finale Emilia, Italy, after the 2012 Emilia Romagna seismic sequence: Lesson learned and reconstruction hypotheses.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 115, 193–213.
Aldemir, A., Binici, B., Canbay, E., and Yakut, A. (2015). “Lateral load testing of an existing two story masonry building up to near collapse.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Springer Netherlands.
Allen, C., Masia, M. J., Page, A. W., Griffith, M. C., and Derakhshan, H. (2015). “Cyclic in-plane shear testing of unreinforced masonry walls with openings.” Proceedings of the Tenth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering Building an Earthquake- Resilient Pacific, 1401–1408.
Ansary, A. (2003). “Housing Report Unreinforced Brick Masonry Buildings with GI Sheet.” World Housing Encyclopedia, EERI(IAEE).
AS-3700, (AustralianStandards). (2018). Australian standards for masonry structures.
Standards Australia International, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia.
ASCE/SEI 41-13. (2014). Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings. Structural Engineering Institute, American Society of Civil Engineers, United States of America.
ASTM. (2012). “Standard test method for compressive strength of masonry prisms.” ASTM C1314-12, ASTM International, USA.
ASTM. (2013a). “Standard test methods for sampling and testing brick and structural clay tile.” ASTM C67-13, ASTM International, USA.
ASTM. (2013b). “Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars using 2-in or 50-mm cube specimens.” ASTM C109/C109M-13, ASTM International, USA.
Barbieri, G., Biolzi, L., Bocciarelli, M., Fregonese, L., and Frigeri, A. (2013). “Assessing the seismic vulnerability of a historical building.” Engineering Structures, 57, 523–
535.
Bayraktar, A., Sahin, A., Özcan, M., and Yildirim, F. (2010). “Numerical damage assessment of Haghia Sophia bell tower by nonlinear FE modeling.” Applied Mathematical Modelling, 34, 92–121.
Benedetti, D., Carydis, P., and Pezzoli, P. (1998). “Shake Table Tests on 24 Simple Masonry Buildings.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 27, 67–90.
Bertolesi, E., Milani, G., and Casolo, S. (2018). “Homogenization towards a mechanistic Rigid Body and Spring Model (HRBSM) for the non-linear dynamic analysis of 3D masonry structures.” Meccanica, 53(7), 1819–1855.
Bertolesi, E., Milani, G., and Lourenço, P. B. (2016). “Implementation and validation of a total displacement non-linear homogenization approach for in-plane loaded masonry.”
Computers and Structures, 176, 13–33.
Borri, A., Castori, G., and Grazini, A. (2009). “Retrofitting of Masonry Building with Reinforced Masonry Ring-beam.” Construction and Building Materials, 23(5), 1982–
1901.
Branco, M., and Guerreiro, L. M. (2011). “Seismic Rehabilitation of Historical Masonry Building.” Engineering Structures, 33(5), 1626–1634.
Brandonisio, G., Lucibello, G., Mele, A., and De Luca, A. (2013). “Damage and performance evaluation of masonry churches in the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake.”
Engineering Failure Analysis, 34, 693–714.
Brencich, A., Gambarotta, L., and Lagomarsino, S. (1998). “A macroelement approach to the three-dimensional seismic analysis of masonry buildings.” 11th Europe an Conferen ce on Ear thqua ke Engineering, 90(JANUARY), 1–10.
BS EN. (2002). “Methods of test for masonry - Part 3: Determination of initial shear strength.” BS EN 1052-3, (European standard), European Committee for standardization.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (1993a). “Earthquake resistant desigh and construction of buildings — Code of practice.” IS 4326, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (1993b). “Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings-Guidelines.” IS 13828, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (1995). “Indian standard code of practice for preparation and use of masonry mortars.” IS 2250, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (2000). “Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete.” IS 456, (New Delhi, India).
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (1992). “Indian standard methods of test of burn clay building bricks—Part 1: Determination of compressive strength.” IS 3495, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (1987a). “Code of Practice for Structural use of Unreinforced Masonry.” IS 1905, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (1987b). “Code of Practice for Design Loads(Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures.” IS 875 (Part 1), (New Delhi, India).
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (2009). “Repair and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings- Guidelines.” IS 13935, New Delhi, India.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). (2016). “Crtiteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures.” IS 1893, Part 1, New Delhi, India.
Calderini, C., Cattari, S., and Lagomarsino, S. (2009). “In-plane strength of unreinforced masonry piers.” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 38, 243–267.
Cardoso, R., Lopes, M., and Bento, R. (2005). “Seismic evaluation of old masonry buildings. Part I: Method description and application to a case-study.” Engineering Structures, 27(14), 2024–2035.
Casolo S, Milani G. (2010). "A simplified homogenization-discrete element model for the non-linear static analysis of masonry walls out-of-plane loaded." Engineering Structures, 32(8), 2352-2366.
Cecchi A, Milani G. (2008) "A kinematic FE limit analysis model for thick English bond masonry walls." International Journal of Solids and Structures, 45(5), 1302-1331.
Choudhury, T., Milani, G., and Kaushik, H. B. (2015). “Comprehensive numerical approaches for the design and safety assessment of masonry buildings retrofitted with steel bands in developing countries: The case of India.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 85, 227–246.
Clementi, F., Gazzani, V., Poiani, M., Mezzapelle, P. A., and Lenci, S. (2018). “Seismic Assessment of a Monumental Building through Nonlinear Analyses of a 3D Solid Model.” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 22(suo1), 35–61.
Costley, A. C., and Abrams, D. P. (1996). “Dynamic Response of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms.” Technical Report NCEER-96-0001, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
Cundari, G., and Milani, G. (2013). “Homogenized and Heterogeneous Limit Analysis
Model for Pushover Analysis of Ancient Masonry Walls with Irregular Texture.”
International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 7, 303–338.
D’Altri, A. M., de Miranda, S., Castellazzi, G., and Sarhosis, V. (2018). “A 3D detailed micro-model for the in-plane and out-of-plane numerical analysis of masonry panels.”
Computers and Structures, Elsevier Ltd, 206, 18–30.
Derakhshan, H., Lucas, W., Visintin, P., and Griffith, M. C. (2018). “Out-of-plane Strength of Existing Two-way Spanning Solid and Cavity Unreinforced Masonry Walls.”
Structures, 13(October 2017), 88–101.
Dolatshahi, K. M., Nikoukalam, M. T., and Beyer, K. (2018). “Numerical study on factors that influence the in‐plane drift capacity of unreinforced masonry walls.” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 47(6), 1440–1459.
Drysdale, R. G., Hamid, A. A., and Baker, L. R. (1999). Masonry structures: behavior and design. The Masonry Society (TMS), Boulder, Colorado, USA.
El-Borgi, S., Smaoui, H., Casciati, F., Jerbi, K., and Kanoun, F. (2005). “Seismic evaluation and innovative retrofit of a historical building in Tunisia.” Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 12(2), 179–195.
Elgawady, M. A., Lestuzzi, P., and Badoux, M. A. (2004). “Review of conventional seismic retrofitting techniques for URM.” 13th International brick and block masonry conference, Amsterdam, July 4-7.
EN 1996-1-1, B. (2005). Euro code 6: Design of masonry structures-Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures. European Committee for Standardization.
EN 1998-3. (2005). Euro code 8: Design of Structures for Earthqauke Resistance- Part 3:
Assesment and Retrofitting of buildings. European Committee for Standardization, B- 1050 Brussels.
FEMA 547. (2006). Techniques for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings. Fema 547, (Federal Emergency Management Agency, ed.), U.S Department of Homeland Security.
Gattesco, N., Macorini, L., and Dudine, A. (2015). “Experimental Response of Brick- Masonry Spandrels under In-Plane Cyclic Loading.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 142(2), 1–14.
Giovanni, R., Amadio, C., and Macorini, L. (2016). “A macro-model with nonlinear springs for seismic analysis of URM buildings.” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 45, 2261–2281.
Graziotti, F., Tomassetti, U., Penna, A., and Magenes, G. (2016). “Out-of-plane shaking
table tests on URM single leaf and cavity walls.” Engineering Structures, 125, 455–
470.
Graziotti, F., Tomassetti, U., Sharma, S., Grottoli, L., and Magenes, G. (2019).
“Experimental response of URM single leaf and cavity walls in out-of-plane two-way bending generated by seismic excitation.” Construction and Building Materials, 195, 650–670.
Griffith, M. C., Lam, N. T. K., Wilson, J. L., and Doherty, K. (2004). “Experimental Investigation of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Walls in Flexure.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 130(3), 423–432.
Griffith, M., and Vaculik, J. (2007). “Out-of-plane flexural strength of unreinforced clay brick masonry walls.” TMS Journal, 25(1).
Hamid, A. A., Dakhakhni, W. W., Hakam, Z. H. R., and Elgaaly, M. (2005). “The behavior of composite unreinforced masonry–fiber-reinforced polymer wall assemblages un- der in-plane loading.” Journal of Composites for Construction, 9(1), 73–83.
Hare, J. (2013). “Rebuilding the Garden City (Impacts to the Canterbury Built Environment).” Christchurch Earthquakes Workshop, Earthquake.
Hendry, A., Sinha, B., and Davies, S. (1997). Design of masonry Structures. E & FN Spon., Taylor and Francis, CRC Press.
Ip, K., Dizhur, D., Sorrentino, L., Masia, M. J., and Griffith, M.C. Ingham, J. M. (2018).
“Critical Review of Numerical Modelling Techniques for Seismic Response of Complex URM Buildings.” 10th Australasian Masonry Conference, 11 - 14 February, Sydney, Australia, 35.
Jain, S. K., Murty, C. V. R., Dayal, U., Arlekar, J. N., and Chaubey, S. K. (2002). Learning from Earthquakes :: A field report on structural and geotechnical damages sustained during the 26 January 2001 M7.9 Bhuj Earthquake in Western India. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, USA.
Javed, M., Magenes, G., Alam, B., Khan, A. N., Ali, Q., and Syed, A. M. (2015).
“Experimental Seismic Performance Evaluation of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Shear Walls.” Earthquake Spectra, 31(1), 215–246.
Joshi, V., and Kaushik, H. B. (2017). “Historic earthquake resilient structures in Nepal and other Himalayan regions and their seismic res-toration.” Earthquake Spectra, 33(S1), S299–S319.
Kadam, S. B., Singh, Y., and Li, B. (2014). “Strengthening of unreinforced masonry using welded wire mesh and micro-concrete – behavior un-der in-plane action.”
Construction and Building Materials, 54, 247–257.