Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.4 Smart structures using PFCs
Chapter 1: Introduction
ceramics. Dongyu et al. (2015) designed 1-3 PFCs for different distributions of piezoelectric ceramic and matrix phases, and determined their (1-3 PFCs) effective electromechanical properties. Dongyu et al. (2016) designed three types of 1-3 PFCs and addressed great improvements in the electromechanical and acoustic properties of the composites. Trindade and Benjeddou (2016) presented the dependence of the effective properties of d31 MFC on the electric field. Recently, Mi et al. (2017) presented a 1-1-3 piezoelectric composite along with its electromechanical behaviour.
Lammering (2006) investigated the effects of shear flexibility and torsional warping on the structural dynamics of rotating beams integrated with the layers of PFC actuator. Guennam and Luccioni (2006) derived an FE model of a closed box beam integrated with PFC patches and studied the controlled transient responses of the overall beam. Ray and his coworkers (Panda and Ray, 2006; Ray, 2006b; Ray and Sachade, 2006a; Ray and Sachade, 2006b; Reddy and Ray, 2007) studied the actuation capability of 1-3 PFC actuator (Mallik and Ray 2003) for control of rectangular FG plates. Choi et al. (2006, 2007) presented the active control of rotating beams using MFC actuators.
Zhang and Shen (2007) studied the control of vibration of laminated plates using 1-3 PFC layers. Barkanov et al. (2008) presented the optimal design of active helicopter rotor blades using MFC actuators. Kapuria and Yasin (2010) studied the effects of segmentation of electrodes, fiber orientation and FVF of PFC on the controlled responses of hybrid composite plates integrated with a PFC actuator.
Mahato and Maiti (2010) reported the capability of AFC actuator in the reduction of aero-elastic flutter velocity and frequency of smart composite plates under hygro- thermal loads. Bilgen et al. (2010) studied the aerodynamic deflection of simply supported thin airfoils using MFC actuators. Maiti and Sinha (2011) developed an FE model to study the vibration characteristics of laminated plates bonded with AFC actuator-layers. Panda (2011) investigated the capability of a cylindrically orthotropic PFC actuator in control of nonlinear deformations of annular plates.
Kim et al. (2011) presented the active control of vibration of cylindrical shells with surface bonded MFC actuators.
Cook and Vel (2012) developed a multi-scale analytical model to analyze the effective properties, deflections and stresses in the laminated composite plates integrated with PFC actuators. Kapuria and Yasin (2013) studied the smart flexible laminated skew plates using the layers of PFC sensor and actuator and addressed the effectiveness of directional actuation and sensing capability of PFC. Panda and Sopan (2013) performed the geometrically nonlinear thermo-electro-elastic flexural analysis of FG annular sector plates integrated with annular patches of a cylindrically orthotropic PFC, and reported the control capability of the PFC actuator for shape control of annular sector plate. Aravinda Kumar et al. (2015) performed a nonlinear frequency response analysis of smart functionally graded plates and investigated the control capability of a 1-3 PFC to control thermo-elastic deformation/vibration of functionally graded plates. Padoin et al. (2015) carried out
Chapter 1: Introduction
a study on the optimal control of laminated composite cantilever plates using the MFC actuator-patches which are activated through LQR control algorithm.
Wang et al. (2016) designed and studied the tracking system for dynamic roll rate maneuver of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) with morphing wings made of MFCs. Wang et al. (2017) presented smooth continuous morphing motion and gentle aero elastic responses by the application of optimum voltage to the wings made of MFCs. Gamble and Inman (2017) investigated the aerodynamic effects on the morphing horizontal tail made of MFCs for yaw control on a bio-inspired aircraft. Guo et al. (2017) studied the stability of the nonlinear dynamic motion of a multi-layer d31 MFC laminated shell.
1.4.2 Experimental active control using PFCs
Dano and Julliere (2007) presented experimental results for the active control of thermally induced deformations of composite plates using MFC actuators. Tarazaga et al. (2007) also presented experimental results for active control of an inflatable composite boom using the MFC actuators. Park et al. (2008) presented the experimental results for damage detection of railroad tracks using a MFC- impedance based wireless structural health monitoring (SHM) system. Kwak et al.
(2009) carried out experiments to study the vibration characteristics of cylindrical shells integrated with the MFC actuators and sensors. Sohn et al. (2009, 2011) experimentally demonstrated the active vibration control of smart hull structures using MFC actuator. Bilgen et al. (2011) carried out experiments for increasing lift coefficient in flow control of a variable camber airfoil using MFC actuators. Zippo et al. (2015) experimentally investigated the control capability of MFC actuator for active control of vibration of a cantilever sandwich plate using PPF (Positive Position Feedback) control strategy in combinations of MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) and SISO (Single Input Single Output) systems. Pandey and Arockiarajan (2017a) carried out experiments to study the influence of plate thickness and piezoelectric fiber angle on the performance of MFCs in actuation of a steel plate under thermal conditions. The same authors (Pandey and Arockiarajan, 2017b) also conducted experiments to study the degradation in the stiffness and strength (fatigue behavior) of the d31 and d33 MFCs under thermo-mechanical loadings.
1.4.3 Comparative studies on the control capabilities of PFC actuators
Azzouz et al. (2001) performed a comparative study on the control capabilities of MFC and traditional PZT-5A actuators in control of cantilever square and triangular plates. Nguyen and Kornamann (2006) carried out a comparative study on the capabilities of AFC, MFC and conventional PZT actuators in control of vibration of a cantilever beam. Raja et al. (2011) studied the control of shape and vibration of laminated plates using MFC and SAFC actuators. Gopinath et al. (2011a, 2011b) investigated the active control of aero-elastic flutter of a composite plate using the patches of shear mode (SAFC) and extension mode (MFC) PFC actuators. Zhang et al. (2015, 2016) carried out a comparative study on the control capabilities of d33 and d31 MFCs in control of composite and isotropic plates. Kumar et al. (2017) investigated the damping capabilities of four kinds of cylindrically orthotropic PFC laminate actuators in the active vibration control of isotropic annular plates by proposing numerical method for optimal configuration of patches corresponding to the mode of vibration.