Annual Report 2019

The popular name of the institute 'Pusa Institute' has its origins in the establishment of the institute in Pusa. Under the ICAR-NAHEP CAAST project on “Genomics-enabled crop improvement and management”, the Institute has sent 10 students for training at international laboratories, and conducted eight training courses for students of NARES.

CROP IMPROVEMENT

CEREALS .1 Wheat

Varieties released
Genotypes contributed to AICRP trials During 2019-20, 68 genotypes were contributed
Promising genotypes under IARI Common Varietal Trials
Marker-assisted transfer of genes for rust resistance
Evaluation of genotypes against stem and leaf rust resistance at Indore
Development of genotypes with better biscuit making quality
Development of wheat genotypes with superior quality traits
Development of wheat strain with reduced celiac immunogenicity
Barley

Elite barley lines advanced under All India Coordinated Barley Trials

Rice

Rice genotypes contributed to AICRP Trials A total of 37 genotypes were nominated in different
Evaluation of Imazethapyr tolerant Basmati genotypes under dry direct seeded condition
GGE biplot for zinc analysis: Multi- environment evaluation of rice germplasm for

Maize

Hybrids released and notified
Entries under AICRP trials
Development of haploid inducer lines Conventionally inbreds are developed through
Development of vitamin-E enriched hybrids QPM and provitamin-A version of four elite
Identification of novel SNP and InDel in VTE4 gene
Variation for retention of carotenoids during storage
White maize with opaque2 and opaque16 White maize is a preferred option as human food
Breeding for high oil maize
Development of sticky maize
Development of silkless baby corn HM4, a popular baby corn hybrid was targeted for
Biotic stress tolerance
Enhancement of productivity
Development of new experimental maize hybrids
High kernel row number (KRN) as a strategy to enhance productivity

HI 8805: A durum wheat variety approved for limited irrigation, timely sown conditions of the peninsula zone with an average grain yield of 3.04 t/ha. Donor germplasm with stable and greater accumulation of mineral micronutrients in the endosperm in all environments is a prerequisite for the development of biofortified varieties.

MILLETS .1 Pearl millet

Promising hybrids in Intermediate Station Trial (Early/Medium duration hybrids)
Hybrids with high iron and zinc
Identification of stable restorer line with high iron and zinc
GGE biplot analysis among genotypes with high iron and zinc
Inheritance of fertility restoration for A 5 cytoplasm

For grain iron content, the genotype PPMI 958 appeared at the corner of the polygon where the NDL and MDR environments fell. The genotypes PPMI 956, PPMI 951 and PPMI 957 were found to be the best genotypes for locational MDR and JMR.

GRAIN LEGUMES .1 Chickpea

Varieties released
Promising entries contributed to AICRP and State Varietal Trials
Breeding material generated
Breeding for disease resistance and plant type amenable to mechanical harvesting
Development of BGM tolerant lines Using C. pinnatifidum as source of resistance to
Genetics of internodal length
Pigeonpea

Development of short duration lines with improved plant type

Mung bean and lentil .1 Varieties released

Promising entries contributed to AICRP trials Eight entries of mung bean viz., Pusa M 1971, Pusa
Hybridization and breeding material handled
Genetic variation for root architectural traits in response to phosphorus deficiency in
Genetics and molecular mapping for salinity stress tolerance at seedling stage in lentil
Genetic dissection of grain iron and zinc concentration in lentil
Five flowers per peduncle-A novel trait identified in cultivated lentil
Microgreens

To understand the genetics and molecular mapping for salinity stress tolerance in lentils at the seedling stage, mapping populations were developed by crossing salt-sensitive (L-4147 and L-4076) and salt-tolerant (PDL-1 and PSL-9) genotypes. This report on QTL mapping should be useful for dissection of candidate genes and development of molecular markers for improving salinity stress tolerance in lentils.

OILSEED CROPS .1 Mustard

Entries contributed to coordinated trials During 2019, a total of 17 entries were contributed
Promising lines/ hybrids being evaluated in station trials
Breeding material generated
Development and utilization of male sterility and fertility restorers for hybrid breeding
Hybridization and pre-breeding
Cytoplasm diversification and CMS line development
Phenotyping of 0/00 fixed and advanced lines through biochemical assay
Phenotyping for identification of high and low tocopherol genotypes
Soybean

Entries contributed to Coordinated trial DS 1318, DS 1320, DS 1326, DS 1312 and DS 1324
Identification of drought tolerant genotypes A set of 328 germplasm lines were screened for
Development of off-flavour and KTI-free soybean genotype
Testing seed viability through accelerated ageing
Inheritance of drought tolerance in soybean at seedling stage
Mapping of drought tolerance in soybean at seedling stage

A significantly longer stem length (PL) was recorded in genotypes PMF-1 and PMF-2 than in other genotypes. The results obtained from the analysis of a single marker showed that the marker Satt277 is associated with drought tolerance at the seedling stage.

SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY .1 Studies on seed quality traits

Seed vigour evaluation in rice hybrids and its parental lines
GWAS identified Rc gene having major role in rice seed longevity under dry storage conditions
Early seed vigour in rice
Genetic purity evaluation in CMS line of pearl millet
Seed dormancy in mungbean
Biochemical assessment in relation to hard seed in mungbean
Seed dormancy behavior in Indian mustard and storability potential of conventional
Morphological, physiological and molecular traits associated with seed vigour and longevity in
Studies on seed priming

Priming technologies for enhancing planting value in specialty maize under sub-
Effect of priming treatments on pigeonpea under temperature stress conditions
Effect of priming treatments on soybean under temperature stress conditions

Technologies for mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses

Mitigating effect of elevated temperatures on seed set, yield and quality in wheat
Seed transmission of a distinct soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus strain in natural (Vigna

Here, we investigated genetic variation in the seed subjected to dry elevated partial pressure of oxygen (EPPO) aging (21 days at 35 °C) for 300 indica rice accessions. Conventional and quality Indian mustard varieties were evaluated for superoxide and hydrogen peroxide content in the seeds.

SEED PRODUCTION

VEGETABLE CROPS

HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES

Cole Crops .1 Cauliflower

Heading broccoli
Cabbage

Genetics of downy mildew resistance: Downy mildew is a major disease in the middle group and resistance to it was studied in the F2 population from Pusa Sharad. Phenotypic screening of advanced cauliflower lines for downy mildew resistance: A total of 29 advanced breeding cauliflower lines were screened for downy mildew resistance.

Cucurbitacious Crops .1 Cucumber

Bitter gourd
Muskmelon
Bottlegourd
Pumpkin
Luffa (Sponge gourd)
Ridge gourd

Twenty tropical broccoli lines were evaluated for suitability (November maturity), marketable head yield and horticultural traits and identified DC-Brocco-22 (14 t/ha) and DC-Brocco-15-4 (12 t/ha) and DC- broko t/ha). A promising selection for protected cultivation: A new selection of special melon (C. melo var. inodorous) DHM-39 was developed and evaluated for.

Solanaceous Crops .1 Brinjal

Biotic Stress Tolerance
Tomato
Chilli
Capsicum

Identification of new heat tolerant lines: A total of 62 lines were evaluated for growth and yield traits in two growing seasons in summer season (March-July) and kharif season (July-November). Among these, a promising IC was found to be EC777203, which was the most tolerant along with good yield.

Root Crops .1 Carrot

Onion

Evaluation of promising breeding lines: Promising breeding lines for fruit yield and overall agronomic performance developed in previous years were evaluated in kharif, 2019. Evaluation and development of selections: Forty-two genotypes were evaluated for their marketable yield in the kharif season.

Leguminous Crops 1 Garden pea

Based on the pooled results, five accessions were observed to be bolt tolerant out of 55 accessions. Development of wilt resistance lines: Thirty-two germplasm and 94 crosses (39 F2, 37 F3 and 18 F4) were evaluated in the wilt disease plot for screening and selection.

Malvaceous Crops 1 Okra

New sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt resistance: Total 50 Pisum accessions including alien species, namely P. Development of Fusarium wilt resistant line by introgression using exotic lines: Cross combinations with exotic lines (10 F1s) were put forward in F2 and two F2 cross combinations were advanced in F3.

Temperate Vegetables .1 Cabbage

Snowball cauliflower
Capsicum

This hybrid is suitable for growing in the middle of the season, with curd harvesting in the months of November-December. Introgression of the male-sterile cytoplasm of Diplotaxis catholica and Trachystoma ballii: In the summer season of 2019, BC5 and BC6 populations were developed for.

Root and Bulbous crops .1 Temperate carrot

Transfer of fertility restoration genes: The BC1 population of the invaded fertility restoration gene in 10 genotypes was developed during the year 2019.

FRUIT CROPS .1 Mango

Citrus
Grape
Guava
Papaya
Production Technologies of Fruit Crops .1 Mango

Citrus
Grapefruit
Sweet orange
Grape
Kinnow

INM and Fruit Quality Improvement .1 Mango

Biotic Stress Management

Evaluation of new sweet orange genotypes: Three sweet orange cultivars (Olinda, Vernia and Early Gold) and one Minneola were evaluated. The highest fruit weight was recorded by Olinda (221.28 g), which was statistically similar to Minneola and W-Murcott. The maximum number of flowers/branches was recorded in Punjab Pink (37), followed by Shweta (33) and Sardar (27).

ORNAMENTAL CROPS .1 Rose

Chrysanthemum
Marigold
Lilium
Iris
Ornamental kale
Turf Grass management
Standardization of fertilization doses in Syngonium
Standardization of drying and storage techniques in bougainvillea
Extraction of natural dye from seasonal flowers
Standardization of nutritional requirement in Licoris
Standardization of growing media and nutrition in Easter lily

The maximum reduction in the number of leaves per plant was recorded in Pusa Sona (57.00%), while it was minimum. At 200 mmol/l NaCl level, maximum accumulation of Na+ and Cl- was recorded in Pusa Sona and Himanshu.

SEED PRODUCTION OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS

Seed production in Vegetable Crops
Fruit crops
Ornamental Crops

Following are the details of ornamental crops, seed production by IARI and its regional stations and Seed Production Unit in 2019. Production of planting material in ornamental crops at IARI and Regional Station and Seed Production Unit, New Delhi.

GENETIC RESOURCES AND BIOSYSTEMATICS

CROP GENETIC RESOURCES .1 Wheat

Rice
Maize
Mustard
Flower & Ornamental Crops
FRUIT CROPS

Tropical and Sub-tropical Fruits

Vegetable Crops

One hundred and twenty-two muskmelon germplasm were evaluated for horticultural traits and resistance to Fusarium wilt and these lines were maintained. Broccoli: A total of 20 germplasm and 8 CMS lines along with maintenance lines were purified and maintained.

BIOSYSTEMATICS AND IDENTIFICATION SERVICES

Pathogen Diagnostics and Genetic Variability
Insects Systematics
Nematode biosystematics

However, it differs from them in that it does not have a weak subapical tooth, and the middle lobe tapers abruptly near the distal 1/3rd, and in that it has a slight bend near the distal 1/3rd, which is only present in the new species. Furthermore, the new species is distinguished from that in the body plane and the coloration of the bristles.

CROP AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

AGRONOMY

Integrated farming system for higher carbon recycling
Use of Nutrient expert® and Green Seeker in maize for higher N use efficiency
Conservation agriculture (CA) based direct-seeded rice-wheat-mungbean system
Conservation agriculture based cotton-wheat system as an alternative to rice-wheat system
Conservation agriculture based pigeon pea-wheat system as a promising crop
Summer green-manuring and sulphur fertilization under basmati rice–durum
Enhancing farm income through crop diversification under limited water use
Sustainable crop intensification through conservation agriculture and pulse
Evaluation of ZnO nanoparticle embedded N:P:K (15:15:15) complex fertilizer
Evaluation of wheat varieties at different sowing dates
Performance of wheat in different tillage and crop establishment, residue and
Evaluation of different rabi crop genotypes for higher productivity and

The CA-based cotton wheat system was found to be a superior alternative to diversify the dominant rice wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The CA-based wheat-pea pigeonpea system grown under ZT flatbed with residue (ZTFB+R) and broad permanent bed with residue (PBB+R) were superior to conventional tillage (CT) system. with grown rice-wheat.

SOIL MANAGEMENT

Nature of clay-humus complexes as affected by long-term integrated nutrient management
Assessment of maximum carbon carrying capacity and nutrient release
Effect of pre-treatment on the identification of clay minerals
Quality of soil organic carbon (SOC) under long-term manuring and fertilization
Phosphorus dynamics under long-term fertilization and manuring
Microbial abundance, resistance and resilience to abiotic stress
Efficacy of solubility model and Baker soil test in predicting free metal ion activity
Impact of long-term application of sewage-sludge on soil health and metal
Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency using nano clay polymer composites (NCPCs)
Impact of microbial intervention on transformations of phosphorus in soil
Rock phosphate enriched organic manure as a source of P under maize-wheat system
Soil test crop response based integrated fertilizer prescription for mustard
Zinc dynamics under long-term fertilization and manuring in maize-wheat
Nutrient management protocols and organic C mineralization under CA

Results from a 46-year-old long-term experiment in New Delhi indicated that SOC pools have higher lability viz. Temporary changes in very labile, labile, less labile and non-labile C with long-term use of fertilizers and fertilizers.

WATER MANAGEMENT

Hydrogel performance in broccoli
Development of sensing devices for flow measurement and irrigation scheduling
Water and nitrogen distribution in soil under drip fertigation in lettuce
Spatio-temporal evaluation of water quality in water harvesting structures in
Composite hydrologic index for groundwater recharge in Betwa river basin
Spatio-temporal variability of water table depth in Pitamberpur watershed, U.P
Evaluation of CERES-wheat model of DSSAT under changing climate
Multi-metal reduction potential of the macrophyte consortia in up-scaled
Standardization of chitosan and calcium alginate bead making technology for heavy
Essential oil yield and quality of lemongrass under waste water irrigation
Performance of new wheat genotypes under restricted irrigation conditions

The fitted equation of the rating curve was embedded into the digital sensor system through programmed code to display the flow depth and subsequent discharge rate. However, long-term data indicated that Typha (T) and Phragmites (P) outcompeted the other macrophytes (i.e. Arundo and Vachha) in each of the aforementioned mixed culture macrocosm systems.

PROTECTED CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES .1 Vegetable Crobs

Standardization of agro-techniques for tomato production under low cost protected condition
Standardization of low cost agro- techniques for coloured capsicum production
Genetic improvement of tomato suitable for protected environment
Development of new Pak-choi lines Five lines/accessions of exotic leafy vegetable,
Off-season production technique for long melon (Kakari) in polyhouse
Agro-techniques for off-season bitter gourd production under protected structures
Flower crops

Studies on influence of long days (LD) PAR in chrysanthemum flower induction using
Screening of African marigold and chrysanthemum varieties for extending flowering
Evaluation of rose, variety Top Secret under low-cost polyhouse

Fertigation, greenhouse structure and design development

Design and development of indigenous greenhouse aeroponics system for lettuce
Sensor controlled fertigation scheduling experiment on winter green leafy vegetables
Drip-fertigation technology for growing sweet pepper inside polyhouse
Design of bamboo shade nethouse suitable for semi-arid regions

For Polyhouse peppers grown in semi-arid areas, the combination V0.80F0.80 gave the highest economic yield of 12.85 kg m−2. Considering the limited water resources in this area, we recommend the combined treatment of V0.60F0.80, as we could achieve the optimal economic yield and WUE of 9 and 4% less than the maximum, respectively.

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING .1 Upscaled solar refrigerated evaporatively

Customization of biomass management technologies for on-farm demonstration
Impact of divisional technologies
Urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) applicator
Pressurized aqua ferti seed drill
Turner cum mixer for pit composting
Fertilizer band placement applicator cum weeder for row crops
Variable rate fertilizer applicator
Sub-soil compaction amelioration study at farmers’ field
Tool holder for partial upper limb disability
Battery operated variable height platform
Pollinator for greenhouse
Digital meter for custom hiring charges of agricultural operations
Phase change material (PCM) based hybrid solar dryer for herbs and spices
Small-scale packaging machine for pulses
Cumin destalker

A tractor mixer for pit composting was developed to turn and mix the raw materials. A solar dryer based on phase change material (PCM) was developed, consisting of a collector with an area of 0.64 m2 and three trays with an area of 0.42 m2 in the drying chamber.

FOOD SCIENCE AND POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY

Influence of exotic and indigenously developed particle films on apple and
Effect of pre-harvest fruit bagging on Kinnow mandarin fruits
Postharvest spray treatment of ethrel and gum arabic for enhancing shelf-life of
Standardization of protocol for osmotic dehydration of apricot
Storage study of dehydrated spine gourd slices
Influence of hexanal in extending postharvest storage life of apple
Infusion of micronutrients in the pre- cut cauliflower under vacuum
Vacuum impregnation of citrus phenolics in ash gourd slices
Spectrophotometric method to analyze acetic acid in fruit vinegar
Development of candied citrus peels from Kinnow mandarin
Formulation of lowfat gluten-free quinoa muffins
Formulation of quinoa-pearl millet baked snack
Development of roasted onion flakes

In spectroscopic detection of an organic acid (acetic acid), a sample volume was reacted with acidified ethylene glycol to form an esterified product, which was then converted to hydroxamic acid, which developed a color in the presence of ferric chloride (the reagent). In the process of developing candied citrus peels, inverted sucrose acted as a texturizing, preserving, sweetening and glossing agent.

MICROBIOLOGY

BGA based composite liquid inoculant for sustaining crop productivity and soil
Bioprospecting rhizospheric and endophytic cyanobacterial diversity amongst
Bio-control agents (BCA) and their impact on rhizospheric microbial communities
Conservation Agriculture (CA) influences spore inoculum level of arbuscular
Characterization of EPS for enhancing water holding capacity (WHC) of soil
Enhancing microbe mediated nutrient cycling under non-flooded (aerobic) and
Microbes mediated water stress alleviation in crops
Bacterial endophytes for plant growth promotion
Exploring functional diversity of Azospirillum for application in rainfed pearl
Azolla biomass as feed supplement and value added product for improving
Utilization of agri-residues for production of industrially important
Production of biofuels/value added products from lignocellulosic wastes rice straw
Limited nitrogen application with microbial inoculation can accelerate in situ
On-farm demonstration of Pusa decomposer and microbial inoculants
Bioresources

Both the application of zinc and bioinoculants caused characteristic changes in the gene copies of Betaproteobacteria in the rhizospheres of cv. In situ application of Pusa decomposer on paddy residues was demonstrated in farmers' fields in Badwasni (Sonepat), Thakurdwara (Mukerian) villages.

CESCRA

Climate change projections for Indian agriculture
Climate change impacts and adaptations in rice and wheat
Greenhouse gas emission in organic and inorganic grown rice-wheat-mung bean
Greenhouse gas mitigation through different fertilizer management options
Mitigating methane using microbial interventions
Reducing nitrous oxide emissions in wheat
Effect of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on wheat crop
Evaluation of manure potential of phycoremediated algal biomass on baby
Emission of air pollutants from crop residue burning
Heavy metals contamination and risk assessment in marketable vegetables in
Effect of NO 2 and SO 2 pollution on growth of vegetable crops
Estimation of surplus rice residue and its bioethanol potential in India

A field trial was conducted on rice using a liquid formulation of MNL7 and MaAL 69 of a consortium of methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB) with seedling root drench technology and as a spray formulation at the initial stage of rotation and panicle in four rice cultivars Pusa -44, IR- 64 , CR Dhan 310 and MTU 1010 and their effect on methane emission from rice soil was quantified (Table). The presence of methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) reduced methane by 7 to 11% in different rice varieties. The intake of selected metals in vegetables was below the permissible limit, except for Cd.

PLANT PATHOLOGY

Pathogen diagnostics and genetic variability

CROP PROTECTION

Pathogenicity, host-pathogen interaction and genomics

Out of 24 genes, 18 were significantly up-regulated while 6 genes were significantly down-regulated in Chiriya 7. Out of 32 genes, 16 were significantly up-regulated while 16 genes were significantly down-regulated in Agra local.

Epidemiology

The grain yield of protected and unprotected conditions was used to calculate the potential yield losses in each variety with the aim of developing a predictive model for grain yield and yield losses by performing a multivariate regression analysis using the different epidemiological, physiological and agronomic parameters as independent variables. Epidemiological parameters appear to be accurate predictors of grain yield and grain yield loss infected with stripe rust (R2 = 0.569 and R2 = 0.527, respectively).

Host resistance

Out of 158 advanced lines and popular cultivars screened for Karnal bunt, 47 lines were found free of disease. 57 lines showed resistance to KB (<5.00% incidence), while 36 lines were found moderately resistant (5-10% incidence).

Management

Off-target experiments with potassium phosphite showed that the compound inhibited the rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiome at 400 mM. Overall, potassium phosphite at 200 mM was found to show disease control activity without any adverse effects on rice foliage.

ENTOMOLOGY

Integrated pest management .1 Cereals

Vegetables and fruits
Pulses

Biological control
Insect physiology
Insect toxicology

It was found that three different species of aphids, namely Autographa nigrisigna, Thysanoplusia orichalcea and Chyrsodeixis chalcites, fed on the chickpea pods. However, we used both models viz. Hollings and Rogers for type II response and Hassels and Flexpnr for type III response.

NEMATOLOGY

Nematode genomics and transcriptomics
Understanding the changes in transcriptome of pre-parasitic Meloidogyne
Nematode profiling in Nilgiris
Nematode management
Suberin, a complex biopolymer in the rice root, forms a protective barrier against
Biocontrol agents
Entomopathogenic nematodes

This shows that stunted nematode development in Phule Radha as PB 1121 may be due to the higher suberization in the former variety. An increase in temperature also led to the breaking of resistance in most of the reported resistant rice genotypes.

Diagram representing the top 10 enriched gene ontologies in each of the three gene ontology types of biological processes, cellular component and molecular function in 409 transcripts differentially regulated in msp-20 silenced M

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS

Development of active molecules for crop protection

Bioefficacy evaluation of ferrocenyl chalcones
Insecticidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus oil
Synthesis and antifungal evaluation of series of substituted-1H-pyrazoles
Antifungal evaluation of mercapto nicotinic acid hydrazones and amides against
Characterization of secondary metabolites from Chaetomium globosum

Development of formulations for smart delivery of crop protection inputs

Entomopathogenic nematodes based bioinsecticidal water dispersible granules and
Novel pre-mix micro and nano suspension concentrate premix formulations
Preparation of coacervate hybrid polymer composite for encapsulation of acetamiprid

Standardization and validation of methods for detection/quantification of contaminants

Method for estimation of hydrogel monomers by LC-MS/MS

Management and assessment of contaminants in agricultural commodities

Sugarcane trash ash: A low cost adsorbent for atrazine and fipronil removal from water
Evaluation of biomixtures for removal of atrazine and fipronil
Persistence and degradation of cyantraniliprole in soil
Preparation of molecularly imprinted and non-imprinted polymers of tricyclazole and
Evaluation of modified agricultural waste-based sorbents for enhanced cationic dye
Study on the persistence of antibiotics in water
Study on the asorption of sulphonamide antibiotics in sandy loam soil

The standardization of the encapsulation of acetamiprid in a complex polymer composite using the W/O/W double emulsion technique continued. In order to improve the slow release properties of the formulation, an experiment was carried out with the addition of palmitic acid in the oil phase.

WEED MANAGEMENT

Effective weed management in CA- based maize under maize-wheat-green gram
Weed competition and dynamics in mustard based cropping systems under
CA-based weed management options for pigeonpea–wheat cropping system
Weed management in CA-based direct- seeded rice

The persistence of the antibiotics amoxicillin (penicillin group), sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole (sulfonamide group) in water was studied in distilled water at 25 °C. Absorption study of sulfonamide antibiotics in sandy loam soils antibiotics in sandy loam soils.

BASIC AND STRATEGIC RESEARCH

PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Genetic engineering and genome editing .1 Genome editing of rice for abiotic stress

Over expression of AtICE1 enhances yield and stress tolerance in rice

Genomics and gene discovery

Cloning and characterization of recombinant MAPK protein from wheat
Genome-wide analysis of NIN-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) transcription factor family
Identification of candidate genes associated with starch biosynthesis in wheat
Cloning and expression of β-Glucosidase gene from soybean
Geminivirus AC4 protein induce pathogenicity through reprogramming of auxin

Endogenous auxin levels were significantly low in AC4-overexpressing lines (7.8 ng/g FW) and ToLCNDV-infected plants (9.6 ng/g FW) compared to healthy plants (18.2 ng/g FW). Plant images were taken after 40 days of exogenous application of IAA (50 mg/l) A) (i) Healthy tomato plants after exogenous water application; (ii) ToLCNDV infected tomato plants after exogenous water application. (iii) Recovered phenotype of ToLCNDV-infected tomato plants after IAA application. B) IAA content in healthy ToLCNDV-infected and ToLCNDV-infected plants after 40 days of exogenous IAA application.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Biochemical responses of rice under phosphorus-deficiency
Amylases in developing endosperm in wheat under heat stress
Pullulanase activity: a novel indicator of inherent resistant starch in rice
Role of resistant starch and proanthocyanidins in modulating glycaemic
Optimization of efficient extraction method for natural vitamin E for fortification
Optimization of hydrothermal (HT) and infrared (IR) processing method to

Pullulanase-Amylopectin trimming model on the possible role of pullulanase (PUL) activity in the formation of inherent resistant starch (RS) in rice endosperm. Despite its high nutritional value, the use of pearl millet is limited due to its rancidity and odor development during storage.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY .1 Phenomics of WUE in rice

Donors and QTLs for root traits in rice
Phenotyping of rice accessions for reproductive stage high temperature
Stem reserve mobilization and fructan metabolism in wheat
Identification ‘high photosynthesis’

To understand genetic factors controlling root system architecture, 162 rice genotypes were phenotyped for root traits under non-stress and osmotic stress (-0.15 MPa) in hydroponic conditions. The constitutive and stress-inducible novel QTLs identified in this study for root traits can be utilized in introgression and development.

Salt tolerance of sugar beet

The equal distribution of Na+/K+ ratios between roots and leaves in LKC-HB suggested that ion homeostasis in the plant contributes to tolerance. The increase in the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase during the phase of sucrose accumulation in roots implied the role of both enzymes.

Protective role of carotenoids and xanthophylls cycle in developing seeds of

Two genotypes, LKC-2006 and LKC-HB were identified as less tolerant and highly tolerant to 150 mM NaCl salinity, respectively. Under the long-term response, significantly higher levels of raffinose in the leaves were responsible for maintaining the osmoticum under salinity in the most tolerant genotype.

Root traits for improved nitrogen uptake in wheat

Short-term response to salinity using 14C pulse-chase experiments showed that LKC-HB preferentially invested 14C translocations for the development of new leaves and the production of more photosynthesis for subsequent storage in roots. An increase in the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase during the sucrose-accumulating phase of roots implicated the role of both enzymes. in the synthesis of sucrose under salinity.

Identification of iron deficiency induced genes and genes involved in foliage

Nested association mapping populations) were phenotyped for root traits under low and sufficient N levels. Similarly, cluster analysis of UK lines (for low N) showed four clusters with the highest group mean in group 4 (20 lines) for root traits, while when the lowest values were recorded in group 1 (37 rows).

GENETICS .1 Wheat

Understanding of the molecular mechanism of leaf rust resistance in wheat
Exploration of heat stress-responsive markers in wheat
Maize

Validation of candidate genes for retention of carotenoids during storage
Development of breeder-friendly gene- based marker for sugary1 gene
Screening and identification of inbred lines for nutrient use efficiency

Diversity analysis and allele mining of DHN gene from chickpea
Development of novel EST-SSR markers in lentil
Mustard

Trait improvement and creating genetic variability through re-synthesis of Brassica juncea
Development of STS marker for glucosinolates
Introgression of Genes/QTLs governing stress tolerance, yield and quality traits into elite

Cauliflower

Expression analysis of anthocyanin genes in purple cauliflower ‘PC-1’
Development of mapping population for Xcc black rot resistance in alien Brassicas
Marker-assisted backcross breeding
Development of haploids through isolated microspore culture

Cucumber

Development of haploids through gynogenesis
Mapping population for extended shelf- life and high β-carotene content

Carotenoid biosynthesis in bitter gourd
Heat tolerance in chilli
Molecular diversity in onion
Molecular diversity in carrot
Molecular diversity in okra
Drosophila

Expression of different BoMYB genes in DC-466' (white curd), 'PC-1' (intense purple curd) and Graffiti (bright purple curd). Expression of Carotenoid biosynthetic genes in Pusa Rasdar and Pusa Vishesh at different DAP 6.4.10 Heat Tolerance in Chilli.

AGRICULTURAL PHYSICS, REMOTE SENSING GIS AND METEOROLOGY

Simulation of grain yield and water productivity of wheat under different tillage,
Prediction of soil hydraulic conductivity through ML and AI
Bio-Physics

Modeling the temporal distribution of water, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N in the

Remote sensing and GIS

A prototype for spatial wheat yield forecasting system

Agricultural meteorology

Multi stage wheat yield estimation using weather-based models
Simulation of biomass and seed yield mustard cultivars using AquaCrop model
Estimate surface energy fluxes using BREB (Bowen Ratio Energy Balance) method
Weather based Agromet Advisory

Therefore, sufficient data cannot be generated for their use in model calibration and validation. Conservative crop parameters were taken from published literature, non-conservative crop, soil and management parameters were generated using previous years field experiment data of the same field for three mustard cultivars namely Pusa Vijay, Pusa Mustard 21 and Pusa Bold in the model. data files.

NATIONAL PHYTOTRON FACILITY (NPF)

Agro-met advisory bulletins are prepared every Tuesday and Friday in Hindi and English, based on past weather, real-time weather and weather forecast received from IMD, New Delhi for the next five days. These advisories have been uploaded on the Institute's website (www.iari.res.in) along with daily weather data and medium-range weather forecasts.

SOCIAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS .1 Impact assessment of improved ICAR

Performance of different marketing institutions in raising farmer’s income
Agricultural growth, ecosystem services and its key determinants
Role of technology intervention in agriculture to enhance nutritional security

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

Development of innovative extension model
Enhancing nutritional security and gender empowerment
Maximizing farm profitability through entrepreneurship development and

TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND TRANSFER

Out scaling agricultural innovations for enhancing farm income and employment
Technology integration and transfer to strengthen the farming system in partnership
Participatory seed production of improved varieties of IARI at seed hubs
Front line demonstrations wheat (in collaboration with IWBR)
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Pusa Krishi Vigyan Mela (March 5-7, 2019)
Participation in off-campus exhibitions
Training programmes organised
Agricultural technology information centre (ATIC)
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shikohpur, Gurugram
Transfer of technologies through IARI regional stations

An estimate of consumers' WTP for biofortified mustard oil showed that urban and rural consumers were willing to pay 36 percent and 26 percent more than the existing price. The biofortified mustard variety (PM 31) with low erucic acid content was promoted. An assessment of the distribution of IARI paddy and wheat varieties between 2016 and 2018 was also carried out.

EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE AND MAINSTREAMING OF GENDER ISSUES

A NUTRITION LED EXTENSION MODEL OF COMMUNITY AGRI-NUTRI
SKILL BUILDING IN NUTRITION SENSITIVE AGRICULTURE (NSA) FOR
EFFECTIVENESS OF SHGS FOR GENDER EMPOWERMENT
CAPACITY BUILDING FOR GENDER EMPOWERMENT
POST GRADUATE EDUCATION .1 Admission during the Academic Session

For example, a study was conducted on the socio-economic, demographic and nutritional status of rural women at the project site. Fair in Delhi, Geeta in Gurugram; Saraswati Mahotsava in Kurukshetra and Sarasmela in Jodhpur and thereby earned a net profit of ` 1.25 lakhs. The other three groups also earned a net profit of ` 1.0 to 1.8 lakhs through direct marketing. The entrepreneurial activity of the SHG resulted in economic upliftment of the group members. leadership skills in managing the group, developed the courage to think independently and instilled great confidence in the members to succeed in their daily lives.

POST GRADUATE EDUCATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Convocation
Special Lectures
International Exposure
LIBRARY AND LEARNING RESOURCES

Acquisition Programme .1 Books
Document processing
Resource Management
Rashtriya Krishi Hindi Pustakalaya
Document Delivery Service
PGS 501 Course
Library Automation
Krishikosh
E-Language Lab

AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT UNIT (AKMU)
PUBLICATIONS AT A GLANCE
IN-HOUSE PUBLICATIONS .1 Regular Publications (English)

Technical Publication (English)

Teacher's Day Lecture: The Teacher's Day Lecture 2019 was jointly organized by the P.G. The dignitaries paid tribute to Dr. Radhakrishnan, the great philosopher, philanthropist and former president of India. The Library is involved in the Postgraduate teaching program with one credit compulsory course entitled PGS 501 (0L +1P) 'Library and Information Services' for M.Sc.

PUBLICATIONS

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TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION

Pathophenotyping and genome-guided characterization of rust fungi infecting wheat and other cereals (TB-ICN: 235/2019).

IP MANAGEMENT, TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION AND AGRIBUSINESS INCUBATION ACTIVITIES

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
AGRIBUSINESS INCUBATION Incubation Activities

Also, the team was included in the meeting group for the selection of incubators recommended for funding by RKVY RAFTAAR. Programs: The unit has launched various programs for the development of the agribusiness incubation ecosystem.

Maitri - Indo Brazil Agri-Tech Cross Border Incubation Program is a first-of-its-kind international

A special event was also organized in which the exchange of MoA with 18 incubators under the UPJA program which are recipients of funding under the RKVY-RAFTAAR scheme.

Startup to Corporate: Pusa Krishi Incubator is hosting a series of ‘Startup to Corporate’ – a flagship

IP Management: Apart from its incubation activities, the unit has filed the applications for IARI logo and

LINKAGES AND COLLABORATION