Application of GIS And GPS in Distribution Power Sector

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ISSN (Print): 2278-8948, Volume-2, Issue-5, 2013

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Application of GIS And GPS in Distribution Power Sector

Anil Kumar, Arun M Shandilya & S. K. Katiyar

Manit Bhopal

E-mail : [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - With the advancement in Software and IT sector, our electricity utility is going to be much more benefited in power system planning and management. The main objective of a utility is to supply the power demand with good quality of service but unfortunately we are unable to do so due to uneven and variable load condition.

This had led to advance in new methods which can make effective changes in solving the intricacy of electrical distribution system. This paper shows the application of new and emerging technologies like GIS (geographic information system) and GPS (global positioning system) which are capable of carrying out complex online and offline power system analysis like Load flow analysis, Load forecasting, Route optimization, supply control distribution planning etc. using shortest path algorithm all this we can do in a software called ARCGIS 9.3.

Keywords - ARCGIS 9.3, Geographical Information System, (GIS) Global Position System (GPS).

I. INTRODUCTION

The present situation shows that the Distribution sector in India is the weakest area compared to Generation & Transmission. It directly affects the consumer because most of the losses and faults occur in this particular area. Due to insufficient attention in transmission & distribution losses the situation is worse in some rural areas. The average T&D losses are currently at 28%[3] by the year 2012.Lack of proper administration & power theft are some common reasons for the high losses. Thus the present distribution system requires to be upgraded to minimize the loss. Also by applying GIS we can reduce the distribution planning cost by reducing the material cost through Optimum feeder path.

GIS - It is a digital representation of consumers, network elements & important landmarks on a geo referenced map, with their attributes stored in a database, OR we can say that it is a system used to capture, store ,analyze and managing data and attributes associated with it which are referenced to the earth. In GIS software all information regarding physical

attribute are represented with the help of lines, points or polygons in a geo referenced map.

GPS - A global positioning system is an artificial satellite based navigation used to get the exact location of any physical object in term of latitude & longitude with the help of a GPS device

II. WHYGISINPOWERSECTOR

1. VISUALIZATION TOOL- A conceptual model of a GIS provides a useful way to visualize both physical & electrical layer in a single screen registered together to a common base map or geographic area. Each layer typically contains one type of data only.

2. FLEXIBILITY IN ANALYSIS - With GIS, one can easily manipulate and carry out different task related to power system planning & management of electricity with efficient results. Such as planning or updating a new distribution network.

3. When new facilities are installed, GIS database can be updated easily to accommodate new features.

4. Thus map revision and digital mapping become easy in GIS Environment.

5. It is useful in planning a routine maintenance.

6. Customers‟ enquiries can be handled easily.

7. Sharing of data among different users like Urban Planners, Construction Managers, Civil Engineers is also Possible

8. Ready-to-use tools.

III. APPLICATIONINPOWERSECTOR

 Database management.

 GIS based Electrical network mapping.

 Optimum feeder path.[2]

 GIS based Consumer database indexing.

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International Journal of Advanced Electrical and Electronics Engineering, (IJAEEE)

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 Metering, Billing & Collection Efficiency.

 Selection of optimal conductors.

 Energy audit and accounting practices.

 Load Flow analysis.

 Supervisory control & Data acquisition (SCADA).

 System & Distribution Automation.

 Maintenance management System.

 Management Information System.

 Load forecasting and load planning

 Inventory control.

IV. METHODOLOGY

 FIELD SURVEY

 DATA ORGANIZATION

 DATA IMPORT & LAYER CREATION

 ANALLYSIS

 ATTRIBUTE TABLE

V. SOFTWAREUSED

 ARC GIS 9.3

 GPS DEVICE

 GOOGLE EARTH

VI. INTRODUCTIONTOARCGIS&GPS ARC GIS- It is a software designed & developed by ESRI & it consists of 3 GIS software products:

1. ARC VIEW 2. ARC EDITOR 3. ARC INFO

VII. FIELDSURVEY

It consists of capturing geographical coordinates (latitude & longitude) of electrical elements like Poles, Transformer, HT & LT cables. With the help of a portable GPS device in decimal degrees format.

VIII. DATA ORGANIZATION This process consist of two steps-

1. Arranging & placing all the coordinates in Microsoft Excel Document.

2. Saving them with file extension-CSV (comma delimited).

FIG: excel data in CSV format IX.TYPEOFLAYERDATA

X. VECTOR LAYER

XI. GEOREFRENCING

It is a process of defining the coordinate of a map image so that it get correctly placed concurrently with other different shape file placed in ARC MAP window.

PROCEDURE - It require a map application like

“GOOGLE EARTH”

Step 1: Open arc catalogue & edit the spatial property of map “WGS 1984”

Step 2: Import map image in arc map.

Step 3: Point & select at least 3 locations & input the actual (X &Y) field taken Google earth.

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Fig: Geo referenced Map

XII. DATA IMPORT & LAYER CREATION This is the stage we just import all the different layer, shape file & base map using ADD DATA button in ARC GIS desktop.

S NO

SHAPE FILE TYPE

FILE EXTENSION

&

DISCRIPTION 1 POINT 1) .shp- Point Data in ARC GIS

2) .gpx-GPS Exchange Format

3) .kml- Keyhole Markup Language

4) .lyr- Layer Data in ARC GIS 2 LINE

3 POLYGON

TABLE: Shape File Description XIII. SCREEN SHOTS

Fig: Base Map

Fig: Road Shape File

Fig: Location of Transformer in Point Shape File

Fig: Location of Poles in Point Shape File

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Fig: Location of Buildings in Polygon Shape File

Fig: Final Screen Showing All Shape File

XIV. CREATING ATTRIBUTE TABLE 1. Network database indexing.

2. Creation of customer database linked to HT & LT lines.

3. All consumers are given a unique CIN (Consumer Index Number).

4. All network elements are identified and their technical Attributes are recorded in a ARC GIS 9.3.

XV. CONCLUSION 1. Better customer services

2. Reduction of technical losses 3. Energy audit and accounting 4. Trouble call management

5. Real time operation of distribution network 6. Better revenue protection

7. Long term distribution planning etc.

XVI. REFRENCES

[1] Philip Smith, Virgilio Centeno, Jaime De La Ree,

„‟Mapping The Electrical Influence Of Distributed Generation On Radial Distribution Networks Using Geographic Information Systems‟‟, Securing Critical Infrastructures, Grenoble on October 2004.

[2] Priyanka Dixit, J.D.Sharma, M.K.Singhal, „‟ Gis And Gps Based Preliminary Distribution System Planning‟‟, NCEEERE 2008.

[3] Planning Commission Of India.

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gps.

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