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VOLUME: 08,Special Issue 02, Paper id-IJIERM-VIII-II, March 2021
“CHECK WATER QUALITY INDEX BY USING PHYSIC-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS LAKE IN JABALPUR CITY (M.P.)”
1Saumitra Gontiya, 2Prof. Anil Sanodiya, 3Prof. Charan Singh Thakur
1,2,3Department of Civil Engineering, SRGI, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract:- The fresh water is the vital concern for the mankind, since it is directly linked to human welfare. The surface water bodies which are the most important source of water for human activity are unfortunately under several environmental stresses and are being treated ended as a consequence of development activity. Inadequate water supply & unsafe water drinking is one of the main concerns in developing country. WHO (world health organization) and UNICEF, reports that 783 million people in the world (11%) of total population have no access to safe water, 84% of whom live in rural areas. Jabalpur is known as city of lakes and there were 52 lakes in Jabalpur at past, out of which 13 lakes are dried up. The lakes of Jabalpur are suffering from pollution so the water is not safe for drinking and other uses. In this research paper the water quality index for five historical lakes Balsagar, Sangram Sagar, Devtal, Supatal, Ganga Sagar, were measured and also find out the pollution level at these lakes. About 187 million people use surface water for drinking purposes, 94% of them are rural area. Water plays an important role in world economy. The water of Supatal Lake is suffering from severe contamination which is due to heavy discharge of pollutants without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
This is leading to the damaging effects not only to the individual species and population but also to natural biological community. The present study was intended to calculate the water quality index (WQI) of five historical urban water body, Jabalpur in order to ascertain the quality of water for consumption, recreational and other purpose.
This paper deals with the study on the influence of environmental parameter on the water quality of lakes. There are several way to assess the quality of water as deemed fit for drinking, irrigation, other uses. The water quality analysis indicating the quality index offers a useful representation of overall quality of water body. It is the process of measuring, collecting, and analyzing relevant parameters on the quality and quantity of water resource for the purpose of better development and management of water resources. A number of parameter affects the quality of water for such purposes the physiochemical parameters are calculated to indentify the quality of water such as temperature, pH, turbidity, Total Alkanity, Hardness, Total dissolve solid (TDS), Electrical conductivity ,chloride, fluoride, Iron and Sulphate.
Kyeword: Temperature, pH, turbidity, Total Alkanity, Hardness, Total dissolve solid (TDS), Electrical conductivity, chloride, fluoride, Iron and Sulphate.
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 General
Jabalpur is called the city of lake at one time there were 52 lakes in Jabalpur, out of which 13 lakes are dried up. The historical lakes such as Balsagar, Sangram Sagar, devtal, Supatal. Ganga- sagar are situated in Mahakausal region of Jabalpur. Balsagar is situated near Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Medical college Purwa, Sangram sagar is situated Near Bajnamath, Devtal Lake situated in front of bajrang math near Osho Ashram Jabalpur, Garha, Supatal Jabalpur situated infront of madan mahal hills and behind Ramayana temple Garha Jabalpur. Water quality index method uses to calculate the quality index of lake water and to decide the water is
appropriate for uses and drinking are not.
Every living organism needs water to survive. Plants need water to make food.
All animals depend on plants for food either directly or indirectly. Water is essential for the existence of life. Next to air, the other important requirement for the human life to exist is water. It is the natural gift to the human. Water is available in various form river, lakes, streams etc. the importance of water in human life is so much that the development of any country of the world has practically taken places near some source of water supply. It also further be noted that the water is available in solid, liquid, and gaseous form. The occurance
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of water in all these forms is basically important for human being for comfort, luxury and other necessity of life.
Therefore without water, all life forms will cease to exist. With the ever increasing population, water is becoming a scarce commodity.
1.2 Importance and Necessities of Water Analysis
There is only one important reason that is pollution due to increase pollution it is very necessary to do water analysis. It is very necessary to do sewage water analysis as well as waste water analysis.
Because it is to find the concentration and condition of the sewage or effluent from the treatment plants and the effects or potential effect of its discharge into receiving body of water or into land.
We find that water is pure impure corrosive or non corrosive hard soft and there are many elements chloride, fluoride, Iron, sulphate. Presents in water as very high amounts which are affected not only human life but also all living things and causes many diseases and infection by all affected our atmosphere is going from downward.
For the removal of these types of infected elements or identification and estimation of these elements or impurity analysis is very necessary analysis of water and lake water even at early stage of any water purification and water treatment project because on analysis of
raw water from the source or the waste water coming out of the community only tell the correct initial characteristics of water and waste water on which depend the proper and socio-economical development the key role of analysis is proper operation control on water treatment or plants.
2. STUDY AREA
Jabalpur is a district place and city in Madhya Pradesh state of India Public .it is the third largest urban agglomeration in Madhya Pradesh and the 38th largest urban agglomeration in India as per the 2011 census statistic. Rapid industrialization, increase in traffic and growth of population during last decade are main causes of noise pollution in Jabalpur city.
Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of the Jabalpur district (the second most populous district of Madhya Pradesh) and the Jabalpur division.
Historically, a center of the Kalchuri and Gond dynasties, Jabalpur developed a syncretic culture influenced by the intermittent reigns of the Mughal and Maratha. In the early nineteenth century, it was gradually annexed in British India as Jubbulpore and incorporated as a major cantonment town. After the independence of India, there have been demands for a separate state of Mahakshal with Jabalpur as its capital.
3. WATER SAMPLING
3.1 Some Details of Lakes of Jabalpur
S. No. Name of Lake Location Area
(Hectare) Location 1 BAL SAGAR Latitude- 23° 09′ 12″ N
Departure- 79° 52′ 16″ E 23.057 MEDICAL COLLAGE
2 SANGRAM
SAGAR Latitude- 23° 08′ 26″ N
Departure- 79° 52′ 57″ E 15.855 NEAR
BAJNAMATH 3 DEVTAL Latitude- 23° 09′ 18″ N
Departure- 79° 53′ 50″ E 1.534 NEAR MADAN MAHAL
4 SUPATAL Latitude- 23° 09′ 20″ N
Departure- 79° 54′ 04″ E 9.58 NEAR RAMANYAN TEMPLE
5 GANGA
SAGAR Latitude- 23° 09′ 28″ N
Departure- 79° 54′ 41″ E 18.636 MADAN MAHAL 3.2 Experimental Parameters and Methodology
S. No. Parameter Unit Methodology
1 Temprature Thermometer
2 PH Digital electrode pH Meter
3 Total Alkanity Titrimetry with H2SO4
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4 Total Hardness Titrimetry with EDTA
5 T.D.S. Digital water analysis kit
6 EC Digital water analysis kit
7 Turbidity Nephlometer
8 Cl Argentometric method
9 Fl
10 Iron
11 Nitrate
12 Sulphate
13 D.O. Winkers method
14 BOD
3.3 Water Quality Parameters of Lakes in Jabalpur S.
No. Parameter Balsagar Sangramsagar Supatal Devtal Gangasagar
1 Temperature 20.5 19.8 20 19 19.5
2 PH 8.0 7.5 9.00 8.0 7.50
3 Total Alkanity 440 802 440 725 220
4 Total Hardness 156 92 200 100 180
5 T.D.S. 606.8 553.8 670.8 471.2 641.5
6 EC 933.6 802 1032 725 987.2
7 Turbidity 1.8 1.6 3.40 2.9 5.0
8 Cl 93 31 120 56 90
9 Fl 0.547 0.747 1.50 0.356 1.39
10 Iron 0.2 0.08 0.06 0.16 0.04
11 Nitrate 8.5 9.8 6.8 5.6 8.8
12 BOD 45 43 40 50 39
13 Sulphate 9.7 25.3 17.4 10.2 5.2
3.4 Water Quality Index (WQI) Status of Water Quality
Water Quality Index Level Water Quality Status
0-25 Excellent water quality
26-50 Good water quality
51-75 Poor water
76-100 Very poor water quality
>100 Unsuitable for drinking/unfit for use
3.5 Water Quality Index of Lakes
Name of Lake W.Q.I. Value W.Q.I. Status
BALSAGAR 123.711 unfit for use/polluted
SANGRAM SAGAR 126.441 unfit for use /polluted
SUPATAL LAKE 149.581 unfit for use /polluted
DEVTAL LAKE 123.011 unfit for use /polluted
GANGA SAGAR 148.61 unfit for use /polluted
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4. COMPARING THE RESULTS OF LAKES
4.1 Electrical Conductivity 8
7.5
9
8
7.5
6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5
BALSAGAR SANGRAM SAGAR
SUPATAL DEVTAL GANGA SAGAR
PH VALUES
156
92
200
100
180
0 50 100 150 200 250
BALSAGAR SANGRAM SAGAR
SUPATAL DEVTAL GANGA SAGAR
HARDNESS
933.6
802
1032
725
987.2
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
BALSAGAR SANGRAM SAGAR
SUPATAL DEVTAL GANGA SAGAR
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4.2 BOD
5. CONCLUSION 5.1 General
In the present study the water sample was collected from different locations of lakes from Jabalpur and lab experiments were done in the Shri Ram Engineering College Jabalpur and Lalpur Filtration Plant Jabalpur. On the laboratory work data interpretation was done and finally conclusion is derived with some recommendation.
It is evident from the data analysis that the worship remains is being done at important Ghats and due to bathing in lakes, idol immersion, Jaware visarjan, floating oil lamps, through some materials like food, waste or leaves, immersion of or coloured painted idols and decorative materials in the lakes for spiritualistic reasons have polluted the water of the study areas. In the present study it was found that rise in physico- chemical characteristics of a few of the lakes water samples crossed the maximum permissible limit.
Studies carried out in present investigation revealed that one of the most important causes of water pollution is unplanned urban development without adequate attention to suitable management of sewage and waste material. Lake Conservation Authority of Madhya Pradesh has done a survey to measure the quality of water of some lakes of Jabalpur and it is observed that almost all the lakes of Jabalpur are affected with pollution.
Ganga-sagar, Supatal, Balsagar and Sangram sagar are polluted with high TDS and this is because of pollutants which comes with the effluents from nearby drains, water is highly turbid in maximum lakes and value of turbidity exceed the permissible limits at Ganga- sagar. Alkanity is exceeds the permissible limit at Balsagar, devtal, and Sangram sagar, although it is within permissible limit and pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 is normally accepted as per guideline suggested by WHO. In this study pH values were found in the range of 7.5 to 9.0 in the water samples. This shows that pH was observed to be slightly alkaline in nature in all the lakes of Jabalpur city.
The present study shows that the Water quality index (W.Q.I.) of lakes of Jabalpur exceeds 100 this water is not suitable for drinking and other purposes and the water of these lakes are suffering from pollution. Supatal Lake of Jabalpur is highly polluted due to the sewage water which is coming from the neighboring areas. Ganga sager lake is also much polluted due to the sewage waste coming from the surrounding area and due to residential waste.
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