GALAXY INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL (GIIRJ) ISSN (E): 2347-6915 Vol. 11, Issue 12, December (2023)
1591 COMMONLY USED GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS IN ENGLISH AND COMPARISON
BETWEEN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES Gulchekhra Khabibulloyeva
Teacher of Denau Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy Institute, Denau, Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT
Exploring the language that navigates the Earth's complexities, this article delves into the most commonly used geographical terms in English. From the fundamental concepts of latitude and longitude to the diverse landscapes described by words like estuary, fjord, and plateau, the vocabulary of geography serves as a linguistic map of our planet. The abstract highlights the significance of these terms in facilitating communication about the Earth's features, climate, and human populations. Whether discussing the equator that divides hemispheres or the archipelagos that dot our oceans, these words form an essential lexicon for understanding and articulating the intricacies of our geographical tapestry.
INTRODUCTION
Geography, the study of the Earth's physical features, climate, and human populations, is a vast and fascinating field that employs a rich vocabulary to describe the intricacies of our planet. Here are some commonly used geographical terms in English:
Latitude and Longitude:
1. Latitude: Horizontal lines on the globe measured in degrees north or south from the equator.
- Longitude: Vertical lines on the globe measured in degrees east or west from the prime meridian.
2. Equator:
- The imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, situated equidistant from the North and South Poles.
3. Tropics:
- The region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity.
4. Climate Zones:
- Regions on Earth with similar weather patterns. Examples include tropical, subtropical, temperate, and polar zones.
5. Terrain:
- The physical features of an area, including its elevation, slope, and landforms.
6. Topography:
- The arrangement of physical features on the Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, and plains.
7. Elevation:
- The height above sea level, often used to describe the altitude of a location.
8. Archipelago:
- A group or chain of islands clustered together in a sea or ocean.
9. Isthmus:
GALAXY INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL (GIIRJ) ISSN (E): 2347-6915 Vol. 11, Issue 12, December (2023)
1592 - A narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses, with water on either side.
10. Plateau:
- A flat elevated area that rises sharply above the surrounding land.
11. Continental Shelf:
- The submerged extension of a continent, typically sloping gradually from the shore into the ocean.
12. Delta:
- A triangular landform at the mouth of a river, formed by sediment deposition.
13. Estuary:
- The tidal mouth of a river where freshwater meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean.
14. Cape:
- A pointed piece of land that extends into a sea or ocean.
15. Fjord:
- A long, narrow inlet with steep cliffs or slopes, formed by glacial erosion.
These terms form the foundation of geographical understanding, allowing us to communicate and comprehend the diverse features and phenomena that shape our world. Whether exploring the vast expanse of continents or delving into the intricacies of local landscapes, these words serve as essential tools for describing the Earth's geography.
Geographic concepts can be divided into scientific, popular (local), international, toponymic, and translation terms. National terms are terms that are understood by the majority of people's representatives and have a strong place in its literary and scientific literature. Examples are mountain, plain, gorge, lake, stream, valley, ravine, peak, cave, flood, cloud, rain, snow, avalanche, pass, etc.
Local words are expressions used in a particular region or language that may not be understood by speakers of another region or language. For example, in the mountainous regions of Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya there are expressions such as ghaza, adok, khavar, and in the Khorezm dialect there are terms such as yap, arna, zayq, kharik, solma, and yorma. Most countries use international terminology in the same way because they come from other languages. Geography, loess, geysers, karsts, deltas, artesian waters, cyclones, anticyclones, pheons, condensation nuclei, crystals, etc. are examples of scientific names that fit this description. Water intakes, headwaters, watersheds, estuaries, and basins are a few examples of translated terminology.
CONCLUSION
In navigating the vast terrain of geographical terms, we have uncovered the linguistic tapestry that enriches our understanding of the Earth's diverse features. From the fundamental coordinates of latitude and longitude to the intricacies of landforms like fjords and plateaus, this exploration highlights the crucial role of a shared vocabulary in the field of geography.
These terms serve as indispensable tools, enabling geographers, educators, and enthusiasts to communicate effectively about the complexities of our planet. As we traverse the equator that divides hemispheres, explore archipelagos scattered across oceans, and decipher the topography that shapes landscapes, each term becomes a gateway to deeper insights into the world we inhabit.
GALAXY INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL (GIIRJ) ISSN (E): 2347-6915 Vol. 11, Issue 12, December (2023)
1593 The discussion has not only underscored the importance of these terms in conveying physical and climatic features but has also illuminated their role in articulating the dynamic interplay between nature and human activities. From the deltas formed by rivers to the megalopolises shaped by urbanization, our geographical vocabulary extends beyond the purely physical, embracing the complex relationship between the Earth and its inhabitants.
As we conclude this linguistic journey through geography, it becomes evident that these terms are more than mere words—they are windows into the wonders of our planet. They invite us to explore, to understand, and to appreciate the intricate web of natural and human-made phenomena that define the geography of our world. In embracing and utilizing this rich vocabulary, we foster a shared language that transcends borders and allows us to collectively unravel the mysteries of our Earth.
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