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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN NO. 2456-1037

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Vol. 06, Special Issue 01, (IC-RCOVID19) April 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 25 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS AND CONSEQUENT RECOVERY IN GROWTH PARAMETERS ON RELEASE OF STRESS ON ORYZA SATIVA

L. (RICE)

Rashmi Sharma¹ and R.M. Agrawal²

1School of Science, Renaissance University, Gram Reoti, Sanwer Road, Indore (M.P.) 453331, India

2School of studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.), 474011, India

Abstract- Present studies elicit the effect of stress on the growth of rice plants caused by the scarcity of water. It was inferred that water-related stress creates a severe threat to the production. In this context, drought is noticed as one of the environmental disasters that inhibit the rice production. In laboratory experiments to observe the water stress, seedlings and plants were treated with different osmoticum solutions of PEG and mannitol. Similarly, for investigations on potted plants, drought-stress on plants was imposed by stopping water supply to them. Further, to observe the ‘stress release’, seedlings/ plants were transferred to ‘control’ conditions. Both types of stresses impart different morphological changes. It was realized that during short term stress imposition, the effects of PEG was more pronounced in comparison to the effect caused by mannitol; presumably owing to its less absorption.

However, substantial recovery was noticed in almost all the parameters upon release of stress.

Keywords: Drought stress, Osmotic stress, Water stress, Morphological features.

1 INTRODUCTION

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses that alter plant water status and severely limit plant growth and development. The stress decreases photosynthesis and photo respiration rate. Henceforth, the importance of water is indispensable in the growth of the entire plant kingdom. It plays a significant role in the development of agriculture and food production. (Wang et al. 2012). In particular, water stress leads to substantial variation in different aspects of development viz. , morphology, anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of plants, which ultimately reflects on the potential yield (Kramer 1969). Also, an increasing number of studies witness early morphological changes in rice upon exposure to drought. Drought stress induces a reduction in plant growth vis-à-vis development of rice (Tripathy et al 2000; Manikaveluet al 2006). Drought impairs the plant height (Sarvestani et al 2008; Ashfaq et al 2012; Bunnag and Pongthai 2013; Sokoto and Muhhamad, 2014), reduces the number of tillers(Mostajeran and Rahimi – Eichi 2009; Ashfaq et al 2012;

Bunnag and Pongthai 2013).

Therefore the prime focus of these studies is to assess and quantify the role of induced osmotic stress on the growth of the rice plant under in vitro laboratory conditions.

Therefore such water-stressed studies induced by imposing different osmotica, i.e., PEG

‘6000’ and mannitol, was performed to have an assessment of the efficacy of each one of them on the studied parameters of growth). Moreover, water was withheld from the plants in the case of the pot experiments.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Seedlings & saplings were to be raised from healthy seeds for transplantation into pots. We obtained these seeds from Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur – an extension Centre @ Bagwai.

Forty days old rice plants were taken from Bagwai farm and transplanted into pots (pot size -24” X 12” X 10”). The pots were filled with soil. It was submerged in water until water stress was to be imposed.

4-5 days old seedlings were dipped in solutions of osmoticum mannitol 0.3 and 0.6 molal and polyethylene glycol ‘6000’ (0.27 and 0.3 g /g H2O approximately equivalent to ψ

= -17 bars and ψ = -21 bars respectively). The seedlings were then incubated for 18 hours in above referred solutions followed by a control; water potential (ψ) of osmotica was set up according to the equation given below:

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Vol. 06, Special Issue 01, (IC-RCOVID19) April 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 26 In pots, water stress was induced by withholding water until the flag leaf showed wilting. Plants maintained at normal water treatment were treated as the control for ‘stress release’. Seedlings/ plants were kept in ‘control’ conditions for 18 hours. Parameters like shoot & root lengths, plant height, tiller number, and leaf area were measured in normal way.

Plate: Photograph showing set up for Pot experiments on rice (Oriza sativa L var’Kranti’)

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The growth of measured parameters (i.e, root- shoot length, plant height, tiller number, and leaf area) showed a decline on stress induction. The decline was greater in shoot using osmotic solution Polyethylene glycol ‘6000’ as compared to mannitol induced stress. These results are in line with the reports given by Yeo et al, 1999, who observed that lack of water shows decline in yield in rice.

Figure 1 and 2 shows the influence of osmoticum imposed stress and stress released growth in duplicate experiments. It was observed that on the release of stress, there was some recovery in growth parameters.

Fig.1: Length of rice (root) seedlings subjected to mannitol and polyethylene glycol’6000’ induced water stress and during the recovery phase

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Vol. 06, Special Issue 01, (IC-RCOVID19) April 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 27 Fig.2: Length of rice (shoot) seedlings subjected to mannitol and polyethylene

glycol’6000’ induced water stress and during the recovery phase

For growth parameters examined, it was observed that PEG‘6000’ was more effective osmotic solution for imposing water stress than mannitol, probably because of less absorption of mannitol. Stress imposition by withholding water supply to the plants grown in pots 40 days after transplantation also showed a decline in growth parameters i.e. height of the plants and surface area of the leaves ( Fig 3 and 4).

Since many parameters can be used to release the pressure of stress applied, it did not cause any major stable changes in rice morphology as well as physiology.

Fig. 3: Growth parameters of Rice (40 days after transplantation).

Fig. 4: Effect of drought stress on leaf area (cm2) of rice (40 days after transplantation).

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Vol. 06, Special Issue 01, (IC-RCOVID19) April 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 28 In conclusion, our results suggest that during short term stress imposition of osmoticums, the effect of PEG ‘6000’ was more effective in comparison to mannitol. The probable reason for this difference could be assigned to slight absorption of mannitol.

However, during stress release, it was observed that a good amount of recovery on most of the growth parameters was restored.

Acknowledgment

The authors are highly grateful to the School of studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior for providing necessary facilities and Potash Research Institute of India, Gurgaon for financial assistance. I am also thankful to Renaissance University for giving the platform to showcase the research work.

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