View of COMPARISON OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES WITH DIFFERENT PLAYING POSITIONS OF SOCCER PLAYERS

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Vol. 05, Issue 02,February 2020 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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COMPARISON OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES WITH DIFFERENT PLAYING POSITIONS OF SOCCER PLAYERS

Ajit Kumar Yadav¹, Dr. Mukul Pant², Dr. Dinesh Kumar Yadav³

1Physical Education Teacher, M.J.S. Intercollege, Manipuri, U.P.

2Assistant Professor, Department of Physical education, H.N.B.G.U., Srinagar, Garhwal, U.K.

3Associate Professor, Department of Physical education, M.M.H. College, Ghaziabad, U.P Abstract - Soccer is a most popular sport in the world. The skills involved in this game are kicking, running, jumping, throwing. (J. P. Thomas 1964). For the purpose of the study total 06 male Soccer players from three different playing positions i.e., Striker, Defender and Goal Keeper of subjects (2 from each playing position) at intercollegiate level of H.N.B.G.U. were selected as subject. The age of subjects ranged from 18-25 years. The purposive sampling technique was used for selection of subjects. The following physiological variables were selected for the purpose of the study, Physiological Variable (MVV, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lactate). Data on all the physiological variables was taken in Chaurash sports complex. All the necessary information pertaining to the requirement of the procedure was imparted to the subjects beforehand. For the specific purpose of the study and to determine the status, descriptive statistics was employed and to find out the difference among them Analysis of Variance ANOVA was employed further LSD was computed. On the basis of present study, it was concluded that striker and defender have better vital capacity in comparison to goal keeper over different playing positions at intercollegiate level.

Keywords: MVV, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lactate.

1 INTRODUCTION

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. A common aspect of this sport is the need for teamwork to complement individual skills. Mohr et. al. (2003) reported about 1,000 unpredictable and acyclic changes in soccer, occurs in every 3 to 5 seconds which involves sprints, tackles and jumps per match. Further, Bangsbo (1991) stated soccer have a high physiological demand, it requires multiple like acceleration, decelerations, kicking, dribbling, and tackling which put additional stress on the players (Ekstrand et. al., 2004; Gatterer et. al., 2010;

Bangsbo et. al., 2006; Bangsbo et. al., 2007; Gatterer et. al., 2010). Efforts have been made to assess strength, power, maximum speed, aerobic and anaerobic endurance, but little attention has been paid to breathing capacity. Previous studies suggested that cardiopulmonary response to maximal exercise was assessed using maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2peak) and the corresponding anaerobic threshold (Casajús, 2001;

Baldari et. al. 2004; Metaxas et. al., 2005;

McMillan et. al., 2005; Kalapotharakos et.

al., 2011; Ziogas et. al., 2011; Boone et.

al., 2012; Marques-Neto et. al., 2012;

Tønnessen et. al., 2013). Further, from an endurance perspective, elite soccer players' maximal oxygen uptake

(VO2max) ranges from 55 to 70 ml kg1 min1 (Appor, 1988, Faina et. al., 1988, Nowacky et. al., 1988 and Puga et. al., 1993), which is higher than the general population but lower than Elite long- distance runners (Reilly et. al., 1997 and Tumilty, 1993). Furthermore, Davis et. al.

(1992) and Wisloff et. al. (1998) was reported about the differences in players due to different positions. Therefore, the highest oxygen consumption values were found in the midfielder, while the lowest values were found in the goalkeeper.

However, Bangsbo and Michalsik (2002) stated that it is not clear whether players are chosen as midfielders for their high endurance performance or if they tend to develop better VO2max to play with high demand in this position.

Previous studies were classified the soccer players into four categories i.e., attackers, midfielders, defenders, and goalkeepers (Casaju and Aragone, 1997, Malina et. al., 2000, Rienzi et. al., 2000 and WISLOFF et. al., 1998). Further, Davis et. al. (1992) and Di Salvo and Pigozzi (1998) divided defenders into full- backs and center-backs. Furthermore, Soccer matches last 90 minutes and the pattern of activity in this time can be expressed as work-rate profiles. These may be determined by methods of motion

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42 analysis which give useful pointers to the physiological stresses imposed by match- play. Additionally, Intermittent high- intensity activity patterns during the game require high functionality in both aerobic and anaerobic energy release pathways (Impellizzeri, et. al. 2006 and Venturelli et. al., 2008). Although the physiological demands of soccer may vary according to the system of play or tactics employed. McKenzie (2012) explained that the respiratory system consists of the airways, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles. This network of organs and tissues is involved in gas exchange between the inhaled air and the circulatory system, where oxygen is supplied to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood to the lungs and if this operation not perform appropriately the performance of players gets decreased due to excess energy reserve expenditure because of lack of oxygen supply which causes lactic acid accumulation. To identify the effect of Maximum Voluntary Ventilation, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lactate on soccer players of different playing position this study was taken.

1.1 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study was to compare the selected physiological variables i.e., Maximum Voluntary Ventilation, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lactate between male soccer players intercollegiate players at different playing positions of H.N.B.G.U.

Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand.

1.2 Hypothesis

It was hypothesized that, there will be no significant difference on selected physiological variables i.e., Maximum

Voluntary Ventilation, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lactate between male soccer players intercollegiate players at different playing positions of H.N.B.G.U. Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand.

1.3 Procedure and Methodology

For the purpose of the study total 06 male at intercollegiate soccer players from three different playing positions i.e., goal keeper, defender and striker (N=02 from each position) age ranged between 18-25 years from Birla Campus, H.N.B.G.U.

University Srinagar were selected as subjects. The purposive sampling technique was applied for selection of subjects.

1.4 Selection of Variables

Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV), Blood Glucose, and Blood Lactate were the selected physiological variables for the present study.

1.5 Data Collection

The data on all the physiological variables were taken in Chaurash sports complex.

All the necessary information pertaining to the requirement of the procedure was imparted to the subjects beforehand.

2 STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE

The collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. To analyse the various physiological variables, mean and standard deviation determined under descriptive statistics and to determine the differences between the groups one way ANOVA was applied.

For each significant F-value post-hoc (LSD) was used to compare the mean differences. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level.

Table – 1

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43 Table-1. Exhibits the mean and standard deviation of pre match vital capacity of striker (3.14 + 1.36), mean and standard deviation pre match vital capacity of defender (2.28 + 0.45), mean and standard deviation pre match vital capacity of goalkeeper (3.64 + 0.71).

Further, table reveals mean and standard deviation of during match vital capacity of striker (4.60 + 0.31), mean and standard deviation of during match vital capacity of defender (3.43 + 0.43), mean and

standard deviation of during match vital capacity of goalkeeper (4.58 + 0.07).

Furthermore, table also shows the mean and standard deviation of post-match vital capacity of striker (4.54 + 0.41), mean and standard Further the graphical representation of mean and standard deviation of vital capacity among striker, defender and goalkeeper on different phases i.e. pre, during and post-match were represented in figure-1, 2, and 3.

Table-2 Mauchley’s Test of Sphericity of Soccer Players on Heart Rate

Table-2 indicates that Mauchley’s test is significant at 0.05 level in case of vital capacity variable in soccer players. So, the assumption of sphericity is violated. Hence, Greenhouse- Geisser correction was applied.

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Table-3 F-Table for Testing Significance Within-Subjects Effects for Soccer Players On Heart Rate

Table 3 shows that after applying Greenhouse-Geisser correction, there is a significant difference in case of vital capacity variable in soccer players during different phases as F value 6.24, p-value (0.03) is significant at 0.05 level of significance.

Table-4 Pair-Wise Comparison of Marginal Means of Soccer Players on Vital Capacity

Table 4 show that the mean difference of defenders on vital capacity between striker, defender and goalkeeper on various situations were significant.

However, the vital capacity of strikers are better in compression to defenders and defender have better vital capacity than goalkeepers.

3 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

This study was conducted to compare the vital capacity of soccer players at different playing position i.e., striker, defender and goalkeeper on various phases of game among male intercollegiate players of H.N.B.G.U. university Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand. The descriptive statistic of table-1 exhibits that the strikers have higher mean value than defender and goal keeper on the vital capacity. Further, significant differences were reported on vital capacity among striker, defender and goalkeeper at intercollegiate level at 0.05

level of significance. Further, after applying post-hoc test it was founded that striker have better vital capacity than defender and goalkeeper. Furthermore, it was also founded that defender have better vital capacity than goalkeeper at intercollegiate level in H.N.B.G.U.

University players from table-4. This significant difference vital capacity may be due to the reason that may be that strikers run more as compare to defenders and goal keepers. That’s why the difference between striker, defender and goalkeeper was founded in case of vital capacity variable. The findings related to vital capacity may be attributed to the intensity of the match, its tactical involvement, level of participations and opponents and standards in terms of Physical fitness, technical and tactical ability to carry out the 90 minutes duration of the match. Also, the attackers and defenders have significant role to play

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45 in term of tackling their opponents, making the tactical moves and overall progression of the match. The similar finding was reported by Durmic et. al.

(2017), John (2016), Lazovic et. al. (2015).

4 CONCLUSION

On the basis of the findings, it was concluded that soccer striker, defender and goal keeper of H.N.B.G.U. university, Srinagar, Uttarakhand are different on vital capacity at intercollegiate level.

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