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CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certificate of Approval iii
Certificate iv
Acknowledgements v
Declaration vi
Abstract vii
List of Abbreviations viii
List of Symbols x
Contents xi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 11
CHAPTER 3 CONCEPTS, DATABASE AND METHODOLOGY 37
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Concepts and Data Sources 37
3.2.1 Concept of Employment 37
3.2.2 Measuring Employment Intensity of Growth 39
3.2.3 Sources and Types of Data 41
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Scenario of Employment in India 2
1.3 Employment in Development Strategy of India:
A Historical Account
5
1.4 Problem Statement 8
1.5 Organisation of the Thesis 9
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Theories and Counter Theories on Employment 11 2.3 Output-Employment Linkage: A Review 17 2.4 Trends of Employment Intensity of Growth 20 2.5 Structural Change and Employment Elasticity 24 2.6 Determinants of Employment Intensity of Growth 27
2.7 Gap Areas and Objectives 35
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3.3 Methodology 41
3.3.1 ARIMA Model 41
3.3.2 Panel Data Model 44
3.3.2.1 Specification of Panel Data Model (FE or RE) 46 3.3.2.2 Specification of Panel Data Model (SUR) 51
3.4 Summary 55
CHAPTER 4 TRENDS AND FORECASTING OF
EMPLOYMENT INTENSITY OF GROWTH IN INDIA 57
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 Employment Intensity of Growth in India 58 4.3 Employment Intensity of Growth across Broad Sectors 59
4.3.1 Primary Sector 59
4.3.2. Secondary Sector 60
4.3.3 Tertiary Sector 62
4.4 Employment Intensity of Growth across Major Indian States 63 4.5 Structural Transformation in India 69 4.6 Forecasting Employment Elasticity for the period 2005-17 73 4.6.1 Stationarity Test and Diagnostic Checking 73
4.6.2 Forecasting 74
4.7 Summary 76
CHAPTER 5 MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF
EMPLOYMENT INTENSITY OF GROWTH IN INDIA
77
5.1 Introduction 77
5.2 Hypotheses and Variables 78
5.3 Determinants of Employment Intensity of Growth in India 82
5.3.1 Model Specification 82
5.3.2 Results and Discussion 83
5.3.3 State-Specific Determinants 84
5.3.3.1 Model Specification 85
5.3.3.2 Results and Discussion 85
5.4 Determinants of Employment Intensity of Growth in India according to Sectors
89
5.4.1 Results and Discussions 89
5.4.1.1 Primary Sector 89
5.4.1.2 Secondary Sector 91
5.4.1.3 Tertiary Sector 91
5.4.2 State-Specific Determinants according to Sectors 92
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5.4.2.1 Primary Sector 92
5.4.2.2 Secondary Sector 93
5.4.2.3 Tertiary Sector 95
5.5 Summary 95
CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 97
6.1 Summary 97
6.2 Trends and Forecasting of Employment Intensity of Growth in India
98 6.3 Macroeconomic Determinants of the Employment Intensity of
Growth
101
6.4 Implications 103
6.5 Conclusions 110
6.6 Contributions of the Thesis 110
6.7 Limitations of the Study and Future Research Scope 111
REFERENCES 113
ANNEXURE A 125
ANNEXURE B 131
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